Single-cell sequencing reveals that endothelial cells, EndMT cells and mural cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cavernous malformations

Jian Ren,Xiao Xiao,Li Ruofei,Lv Cheng,Zhang Yu,Leiming Wang,Tao Hong,Hongqi Zhang,Wang Yibo 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Cavernous malformations (CMs) invading the central nervous system occur in ~0.16–0.4% of the general population, often resulting in hemorrhages and focal neurological deficits. Further understanding of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies requires a deeper knowledge of CMs in humans. Herein, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on unselected viable cells from twelve human CM samples and three control samples. A total of 112,670 high-quality cells were clustered into 11 major cell types, which shared a number of common features in CMs harboring different genetic mutations. A new EC subpopulation marked with PLVAP was uniquely identified in lesions. The cellular ligand‒receptor network revealed that the PLVAP-positive EC subcluster was the strongest contributor to the ANGPT and VEGF signaling pathways in all cell types. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was strongly activated in the PLVAP-positive subcluster even in non-PIK3CA mutation carriers. Moreover, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) cells were identified for the first time in CMs at the single-cell level, which was accompanied by strong immune activation. The transcription factor SPI1 was predicted to be a novel key driver of EndMT, which was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. A specific fibroblast-like phenotype was more prevalent in lesion smooth muscle cells, hinting at the role of vessel reconstructions and repairs in CMs, and we also confirmed that TWIST1 could induce SMC phenotypic switching in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide novel insights into the pathomechanism decryption and further precise therapy of CMs.

A Modified Decoding of Algebraic Geometric Codes

Jian Ren,Guo Zhen Xiao 한국통신학회 1993 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications Vol.2 No.1

The East Asian Financial Crisis : Its Causes, Impact on the Chinese Economy and China's Response

Jianren, Lu 경희대학교 아태지역연구원 1999 아태연구 Vol.6 No.1

Direct numerical simulation of a near-field particle-laden plane turbulent jet.

Fan, Jianren,Luo, Kun,Ha, Man Yeong,Cen, Kefa Published by the American Physical Society through 2004 Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and so Vol.70 No.2

<P>The present study investigates the gas-particle two-phase flow in the turbulent plane jet by solving the two-dimensional and compressible flow fields numerically using direct-numerical-simulation technique. The flow fields are spatially developing, but we focus our study on the evolution of coherent vortex structures and dispersion patterns of particles in the near field at different Stokes numbers. The initial symmetric mode of flow changes its shape to the asymmetric mode after about three convection periods as the flow moves downstream. The concessive paring processes between two and three vortex structures are observed. The predicted mean velocity profiles show self-similar behavior and coincide well with previous experimental data. The profiles of turbulent intensity and Reynolds shear stress also display self-similar characteristics in the further downstream regions. The local-focusing phenomena of particles occur in the quasicoherent dispersion structure of particles. The higher density distribution at the outer boundary of large-scale vortex structure characterizes the dispersion pattern of particles at the Stokes numbers of order of unity. Furthermore, these particles disperse largely along the lateral direction and show the nonuniform distribution of concentration. For the particles at the Stokes number of 0.01, the dispersion along the lateral direction is considerable due to the small aerodynamics response time, but the particles are distributed evenly in the flow field. Particles at the Stokes numbers of 10 and 50 disperse much less along the lateral direction with the even density distribution. These results support the previous conclusions on the dispersion of particles in the free shear flows.</P>

中国的高句丽艺术文化研究

金健人(Jin Jianren),??(Sun Chong) 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2021 한국학논집 Vol.- No.82

Impact factors of an old bridge under moving vehicular loads

Yang Liu,Xinfeng Yin,Jianren Zhang,C.S. Cai 국제구조공학회 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.3

This paper presents a new method to study the impact factor of an old bridge based on the model updating technique. Using the genetic algorithm (GA) by minimizing an objective function of the residuals between the measured and predicted responses, the bridge and vehicle coupled vibration models were updated. Based on the displacement relationship and the interaction force relationship at the contact patches, the vehicle-bridge coupled system can be established by combining the equations of motion of both the bridge and vehicles. The simulated results show that the present method can simulate precisely the response of the tested bridge; compared with the other bridge codes, the impact factor specified by the bridge code of AASHTO (LRFD) is the most conservative one, and the value of Chinese highway bridge design code (CHBDC) is the lowest; for the large majority of old bridges whose road surface conditions have deteriorated, calculating the impact factor with the bridge codes cannot ensure the reliable results.

The influence of vehicles on the flutter stability of a long-span suspension bridge

Yan Han,Shuqian Liu,C.S. Cai,Jianren Zhang,Suren Chen,Xuhui He 한국풍공학회 2015 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.20 No.2

The presence of traffic on a slender long-span bridge deck will modify the cross-section profileof the bridge, which may influence the flutter derivatives and in turn, the critical flutter wind velocity of thebridge. Studies on the influence of vehicles on the flutter derivatives and the critical flutter wind velocity ofbridges are rather rare as compared to the investigations on the coupled buffeting vibration of thewind-vehicle-bridge system. A typical streamlined cross-section for long-span bridges is adopted for bothexperimental and analytical studies. The scaled bridge section model with vehicle models distributed on thebridge deck considering different traffic flow scenarios has been tested in the wind tunnel. The flutterderivatives of the modified bridge cross section have been identified using forced vibration method and theresults suggest that the influence of vehicles on the flutter derivatives of the typical streamlined cross-sectioncannot be ignored. Based on the identified flutter derivatives, the influence of vehicles on the flutter stabilityof the bridge is investigated. The results show that the effect of vehicles on the flutter wind velocity isobvious.

Impact factors of an old bridge under moving vehicular loads

Liu, Yang,Yin, Xinfeng,Zhang, Jianren,Cai, C.S. Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.3

This paper presents a new method to study the impact factor of an old bridge based on the model updating technique. Using the genetic algorithm (GA) by minimizing an objective function of the residuals between the measured and predicted responses, the bridge and vehicle coupled vibration models were updated. Based on the displacement relationship and the interaction force relationship at the contact patches, the vehicle-bridge coupled system can be established by combining the equations of motion of both the bridge and vehicles. The simulated results show that the present method can simulate precisely the response of the tested bridge; compared with the other bridge codes, the impact factor specified by the bridge code of AASHTO (LRFD) is the most conservative one, and the value of Chinese highway bridge design code (CHBDC) is the lowest; for the large majority of old bridges whose road surface conditions have deteriorated, calculating the impact factor with the bridge codes cannot ensure the reliable results.

Controlled canard configuration study for a solid rocket motor based unmanned air vehicle

Xie Kan,Liu Yu,Xin Jianren 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.12

This paper presents an aerodynamic study for a target unmanned air vehicle with controlled canard, at cruise Mach number between 0.7 and 0.85, using a solid rocket motor as power. The results of semi-empirical method (DATCOM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were compared with wind tunnel tests to evaluate perdition accuracy. Here DATCOM shows big discrepancy in pitching-moment coefficient; the CFD estimation of static aerodynamic force and moment agree well with wind tunnel data. An analysis was focused on the longitudinal data for complicated controlled canard-elements interactions and canard vortex behavior. The canard vortex interaction with tail wing of initial configuration concept with a thick canard (NACA0012) and the final improved configuration with a thin canard (NACA0007) were reviewed. It is proved that the stability and control characteristics of whole TUAV are sensitive to the thickness of canard in transonic peed regime because of different canard vortex intensity and effect generated.

SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages of the Hida metamorphic and plutonic rocks, Japan: Implications for late Paleozoic to Mesozoic tectonics around the Korean Peninsula

Takahashi, Yutaka,Cho, Deung‐,Lyong,Mao, Jianren,Zhao, Xilin,Yi, Keewook Blackwell Scientific 2018 The island arc Vol.27 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A new U–Pb zircon geochronological study for the Hida metamorphic and plutonic rocks from the Tateyama area in the Hida Mountains of north central Japan is presented. The U–Pb ages of metamorphic zircon grains with inherited/detrital cores in paragneisses suggest that a metamorphic event took place at around 235–250 Ma; the cores yield ages around 275 Ma, 300 Ma, 330 Ma, 1 850 Ma, and 2 650 Ma. New age data, together with geochronological and geological context of the Hida Belt, indicate that a sedimentary protolith of the paragneisses is younger than 275 Ma and was crystallized at around 235–250 Ma. Detrital ages support a model that the Hida Belt was located in the eastern margin of the North China Craton, which provided zircon grains from Paleoproterozoic to Paleozoic rocks and also from Archean and rare Neoproterozoic rocks. Triassic regional metamorphism possibly reflects collision between the North and South China Cratons.</P>