Biotransformation of Panax ginseng extract by rat intestinal microflora

Wei-Wei Dong,Jinhua Zhao,Fei-Liang Zhong,Wen-Jing Zhu,Jun Jiang,Songquan Wu,Deok-Chun Yang,Donghao Li,Lin-Hu Quan 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4

Background: In general, after Panax ginseng is administered orally, intestinal microbes play a crucial role in its degradation and metabolization process. Studies on the metabolism of P. ginseng by microflora are important for obtaining a better understanding of their biological effects. Methods: In vitro biotransformation of P. ginseng extract by rat intestinal microflora was investigated at 37C for 24 h, and the simultaneous determination of the metabolites and metabolic profile of P. ginseng saponins by rat intestinal microflora was achieved using LCeMS/MS. Results: A total of seven ginsenosides were detected in the P. ginseng extract, including ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd. In the transformed P. ginseng samples, considerable amounts of deglycosylated metabolite compound K and Rh1 were detected. In addition, minimal amounts of deglycosylated metabolites (ginsenosides Rg2, F1, F2, Rg3, and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides) and untransformed ginsenosides Re, Rg1, and Rd were detected at 24 h. The results indicated that the primary metabolites are compound K and Rh1, and the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides were more easily metabolized than protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides. Conclusion: This is the first report of the identification and quantification of the metabolism and metabolic profile of P. ginseng extract in rat intestinal microflora using LCeMS/MS. The current study provided new insights for studying the metabolism and active metabolites of P. ginseng.

Optimization of acridine orange loading on 1:1 layered clay minerals for fluorescence enhancement

Wei-Teh Jiang,Yolin Tsai,Xisen Wang,Zhaohui Li 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.90 No.-

As a cationic fluorescence dye acridine orange (AO) is commonly used in biology and biochemistry for DNA analyses. In this study the light absorption and fluorescence of AO after being sorbed on kaolinite (Kao) and halloysite (Hal) were investigated. In dilute systems with initial AO concentrations of 1 × 106 to 1 ×104 M (0.3–25mmol/g loadings on Kao), both light absorption and fluorescence emission increased as the initial AO concentrations, thus, the amounts of AO sorbed increased. In contrast, the light absorption and fluorescence emission reached maxima at 1 × 105 M (3mmol/g) for Hal. In concentrated systems with initial AO concentrations of 5 × 104 –5 ×103 M (22–57 and 50–126mmol/g AO sorption on Kao and Hal), significant fluorescence quenching was observed and the fluorescence intensity decreased as the initial AO concentrations, thus, the amounts of AO sorbed increased. The results suggested that to achieve maximal fluorescence emission, monomeric AO configuration on the solid surface is a necessity. The AO sorption was mostly attributed to cation exchange between protonated AO and exchangeable cations on Kao and Hal surfaces. As such, both cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of the minerals control the maximal fluorescence emission.

Synthesis and Characterization of Doxorubicin Loaded pH-Sensitive Magnetic Core–Shell Nanocomposites for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications

Wei Jiang,Juan Wu,Yewen Shen,Renbing Tian,Shuai Zhou 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.11

In order to improve the effects of medical therapy for cancer, we prepared magnetic nanocomposites (Fe3O4@SiO2–NH–NH2) as doxorubicin (DOX) carriers via two different schemes. Scheme (I): the carriers were synthesized from magnetic silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) via layer by layer modification, scheme (II): the carriers were obtained from amino-modified magnetic silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2) synthesized by one-step, and followed by surface modification. In order to load DOX effectively, the surface of the carriers were further modified to make the surface with a large number of hydrazine bonds which can form a pH-sensitive bond (hydrazone bond) with DOX. The two kinds of carriers both exhibited a size around 80 nm, high stability and superparamagnetic behavior. However, DOX-loaded carriers (Fe3O4@SiO2–DOX (2)) performed relatively poorer performance in terms of drug loading and releasing (the loading efficiency of DOX decreased from 67.33% to 42.15%, while the releasing efficiency of DOX decreased from 66.16% to 62.23% within 72 h at pH 4.0). Water-soluble tetrazolium salts (WST-1) assays in cancer cells (Hela) demonstrated that the Fe3O4@SiO2–DOX presented high anti-tumor activity, while the carriers were nearly nontoxic. Thus, the results suggested that the magnetic nanocomposites synthesized by the two different methods both can be employed to deliver DOX, while the carriers obtained via the first method may perform better and would be applied in the field of cancer therapy in the future.

Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Effectively Eliminates Endotoxemia to Protect Rat from Acute Liver Failure Induced by Thioacetamide

Jiang Ting,Xia Geng,Yang Bo,Zhang Hong-wei,Yin Yue-shan,Tang Cheng-wei,Yang Jin-hui 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.2

Background: Endotoxemia is related to worse clinical outcomes in acute liver failure (ALF), but its management remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we aimed to assess whether the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could eliminate endotoxemia and protect rats against ALF induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Methods: BMSCs were isolated from rats and identified by the specific morphology, differentiation potential, and surface markers. The optimal dose of TAA for this study was explored and TAA-induced ALF rats were randomized to three groups: the normal control group (Saline), ALF group (TAA + Saline), and BMSCs-treated group (TAA + BMSCs). The intestinal migration and differentiation of BMSCs was tracked in vivo, and intestinal permeability, endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines, histology, and mortality were analyzed. Moreover, we added the inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway into the co-culture system of BMSCs with enterocytes and then performed CK and Villin expression experiments to assess the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway in the intestinal differentiation of BMSCs. Results: BMSCs migrated to the intestinal injury sites and differentiated into enterocytes, intestinal permeability was decreased compared with the ALF group. The higher expression of endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines were reversed after BMSCs transplantation in rats with ALF. Mortality and intestinal lesion were significantly decreased. Blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway inhibited BMSCs’ intestinal differentiation in vitro. Conclusion: BMSCs can eliminate endotoxemia and reduce mortality in rats with ALF, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway is involved in intestinal differentiation. BMSCs transplantation could be a potential candidate for the treatment of endotoxemia in ALF. . BMSCs can eliminate endotoxemia and reduce mortality in rats with ALF, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway is involved in intestinal differentiation. BMSCs transplantation could be a potential candidate for the treatment of endotoxemia in ALF.

Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing intumescent flame retardant and its application to fabrics

Wei Jiang,박수진,Fan-Long Jin 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.27 No.-

A novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing intumescent flame retardant (IFR), ditrimethylolpropane di-Nhydroxyethylphosphoramide (DDP), was successfully synthesized and used as a flame retardant forvarious fabrics. The chemical structure of DDP was characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, andelemental analysis. The thermal property of DDP was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Theeffect of DDP on the flame-retardant properties of fabrics was evaluated by measurement of the burninglength. The optimal synthesis conditions for DDP were determined. DDP showed high flame retardancywhen applied to nylon and moderate flame retardancy when applied to cotton and polyester

Surface-functionalized Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Supported 5-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl Porphyrin Manganese(III) Chloride and Their Catalytic Activity

Wei-jie Zhang,Pingping Jiang,Ping-bo Zhang,Jia-wei Zheng,Haiyang Li 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

Manganese(III) 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin chloride (Mn(TCPP)Cl) was grafted through amide bond on silica zeolite Y (HY), zeolite beta (Hβ) and hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS). XRD, ICP-AES, N2 physisorption, SEM, TEM, FTIR and thermal analysis were employed to analyse these novel heterogeneous materials. These silica supported catalysts were shown to be used for epoxidation and good shape selectivity was observed. The effect of support structure on catalytic performance was also discussed. The catalytic activity remained when the catalysts were recycled five times. The energy changes about epoxidation of alkenes by NaIO4 and H2O2 were also computationally calculated to explain the different catalytic efficiency.

Preclinical Assessment of the Anticancer Drug Response of Plexiform Neurofbroma Tissue Using Primary Cultures

Wei Jiang,Victor-F. Mautner,Reinhard E. Friedrich,Lan Kluwe 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.2

Background and Purpose Individualized drug testing for tumors using a strategy analogous to antibiotic tests for infectious diseases would be highly desirable for personalized andindividualized cancer care. Methods Primary cultures containing tumor and nontumor stromal cells were utilized in anovel strategy to test drug responses with respect to both efcacy and specifcity. Te strategytested in this pilot study was implemented using four primary cultures derived from plexiformneurofbromas. Responses to two cytotoxic drugs (nilotinib and imatinib) were measured byfollowing dose-dependent changes in the proportions of tumor and nontumor cells, determined by staining them with cell-type-specifc antibodies. Te viability of the cultured cellsand the cytotoxic efect of the drugs were also measured using proliferation and cytotoxicityassays. Results Te total number of cells decreased afer the drug treatment, in accordance with theobserved reduction in proliferation and increased cytotoxic efect upon incubation with thetwo anticancer drugs. Te proportions of Schwann cells and fbroblasts changed dose-dependently, although the patterns of change varied between the tumor samples (from diferent sources) and between the two drugs. Te highly variable in vitro drug responses probably refect thelarge variations in the responses of tumors to therapies between individual patients in vivo. Conclusions Tese preliminary results suggest that the concept of assessing in vitro drug responses using primary cultures is feasible, but demands the extensive further development ofan application for preclinical drug selection and drug discovery.

Twenty Years Development of Soilless Culture in Mainland China

Wei-Jie Jiang,Hong-jun Yu 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Present Situation and Development of Countermeasures for Protected Horticulture in China

Wei-Jie Jiang,Hong-Jun Yu 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Temporary formation of highly conducting domain walls for non-destructive read-out of ferroelectric domain-wall resistance switching memories

Jiang, Jun,Bai, Zi Long,Chen, Zhi Hui,He, Long,Zhang, David Wei,Zhang, Qing Hua,Shi, Jin An,Park, Min Hyuk,Scott, James F.,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Jiang, An Quan Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2018 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.17 No.1

Erasable conductive domain walls in insulating ferroelectric thin films can be used for non-destructive electrical read-out of the polarization states in ferroelectric memories. Still, the domain-wall currents extracted by these devices have not yet reached the intensity and stability required to drive read-out circuits operating at high speeds. This study demonstrated non-destructive read-out of digital data stored using specific domain-wall configurations in epitaxial BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films formed in mesa-geometry structures. Partially switched domains, which enable the formation of conductive walls during the read operation, spontaneously retract when the read voltage is removed, reducing the accumulation of mobile defects at the domain walls and potentially improving the device stability. Three-terminal memory devices produced 14 nA read currents at an operating voltage of 5 V, and operated up to T = 85 °C. The gap length can also be smaller than the film thickness, allowing the realization of ferroelectric memories with device dimensions far below 100 nm.