Life Science : Chemical Constituents of Cynanchum wilfordii and the Chemotaxo-nomy of Two Species of the Family Asclepiadacease, C wilfordii and C auriculatum

( Yan Fu Jiang ),( Hyun Gyu Choi ),( Ying Li ),( Yu Mi Park ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Do Hoon Kim ),( Je Hyun Lee ),( Jong Keun Son ),( Min Kyun Na ),( Seung Ho Lee ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2012 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.22 No.0

Definitive identification of original plant species is important for standardizing herbal medicine. Although only the dried roots of Cynanchum wilfordii (Asclepiadaceae) are prescribed as Cynanchi WilfordiiRadix in Korean Pharmacopoeia, the roots of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum are often misused in the Korean herbal market due to their morphological similarity and similar name. Therefore, it would be very useful to discover an effective chemical marker for the identification of the two species. To this end, we carried out a phytochemical study on the roots of C. wilfordii. As a result, twenty compounds were isolated from the roots of C. wilfordii and their chemical structures were identified as β-sitosterol (1), wilfoside C1N (2), wilfoside C3N (3), wilfoside K1N (4), methyleugenol (5), wilfoside C1G (6), cynauriculoside A (7), daucosterol (8), 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (9), cynandione A (10), 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (11), acetovanillone (12), p-hydroxyacetophenone (13), sucrose (14), conduritol F (15), geniposide (16), succinic acid (17), 3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione (18), bungeiside A (19), cynanoneside B (20). Among them, compounds 15, 16, 18, 19, and 20 were isolated for the first time from this species. Furthermore, conduritol F (15) was demonstrated to be contained only in C. wilfordii. Therefore, it may be useful as a chemical marker to identify the two species C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum.

Plasmonic Nanoantennae Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Milling

Jiang-Tao Lv,Yuan Yan,Wei-Kang Zhang,Yun-Hui Liu,Zi-Yu Jiang,Guang-Yuan Si 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

We show a novel approach to fabricate plasmonic nanoantennae based on a maskless focused ion beam nanoring patterning process. Antenna nanoarrays with desired outlines are achieved by precisely controlling the geometric parameters during the milling process. Various nanoantenna designs of bow-tie, nanoclusters (pentamers), and ellipsoid shaped satellites surrounded particle lattices arerealized. The whole fabrication method is programmable and monolithic since only a one-step milling process is involved. The opticalproperties are experimentally characterized. Such nanoantennae may find extensive applications in chemical/bio-sensing due toremarkably enhanced near field intensity at the plasmon resonance.

Analysis of the Baroreceptor and Vestibular Receptor Inputs in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla following Hypotension in Conscious Rats

Yan Lan,Huan-Jun Lu,Xian Jiang,Li-Wei Li,Yan-Zhao Yang,Guang-Shi Jin,박주영,김민선,박병림,Yuan-Zhe Jin 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2

Input signals originating from baroreceptors and vestibular receptors are integrated in the rostralventrolateral medulla (RVLM) to maintain blood pressure during postural movement. The contributionof baroreceptors and vestibular receptors in the maintenance of blood pressure following hypotensionwere quantitatively analyzed by measuring phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase(pERK) expression and glutamate release in the RVLM. The expression of pERK and glutamate releasein the RVLM were measured in conscious rats that had undergone bilateral labyrinthectomy (BL)and/or sinoaortic denervation (SAD) following hypotension induced by a sodium nitroprusside (SNP)infusion. The expression of pERK was significantly increased in the RVLM in the control groupfollowing SNP infusion, and expression peaked 10 min after SNP infusion. The number of pERKpositive neurons increased following SNP infusion in BL, SAD, and BL+SAD groups, although theincrease was smaller than seen in the control group. The SAD group showed a relatively higherreduction in pERK expression when compared with the BL group. The level of glutamate release wassignificantly increased in the RVLM in control, BL, SAD groups following SNP infusion, and thispeaked 10 min after SNP infusion. The SAD group showed a relatively higher reduction in glutamaterelease when compared with the BL group. These results suggest that the baroreceptors are morepowerful in pERK expression and glutamate release in the RVLM following hypotension than thevestibular receptors, but the vestibular receptors still have an important role in the RVLM.

Numerical Analysis of Consolidation of Soft Soils Fully-penetrated by Deep-mixed Columns

Yan Jiang,Jie Han,Gang Zheng 대한토목학회 2013 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.17 No.1

Deep mixing is a common ground improvement technology that can be used to increase bearing capacity and stability and reduce total and differential settlements of foundations constructed on soft soils. Field data have shown that deep mixed column foundations had a higher consolidation rate than untreated foundations even though deep mixed columns had similar or lower permeability than untreated soils. The consolidation mechanisms and behavior of deep mixed column foundations have not been well understood. In this study, the consolidation of soft soils fully penetrated by deep mixed columns was investigated using a mechanically and hydraulically coupled three-dimensional finite element method. One quarter of a unit cell was used considering its symmetry and the column and the surrounding soil were modeled as elastic materials. A case study for a stone column foundation in the literature was first used to verify the numerical model and then this model was adopted to analyze the stress transfer, settlement, and consolidation of the soft soil fully penetrated by a deep mixed column. A parametric study was conducted to evaluate the influence of four key factors, soft soil thickness, area replacement ratio, column modulus, and column permeability, on the stress concentration ratio (the ratio of the average vertical stress on the column to that on the soil), settlement, and average degree of consolidation of the deep mixed column foundation. The numerical results show that the average degree of consolidation calculated based on the settlement or the excess pore water pressure was identical. The stress concentration ratio increased with the column modulus and time, but the effect of the soft soil thickness, area replacement ratio, and column permeability was not significant. The simplified method based on a composite foundation concept could conservatively estimate the consolidation settlement. An increase of the column modulus, area replacement ratio, and/or column permeability increased the rate of consolidation.

Study on Paper Drying Rate Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method

Yan Yan,Pan Jiangli,Dong Jixian,Sun Jian 한국펄프.종이공학회 2022 펄프.종이기술 Vol.54 No.1

The lattice Boltzmann method and the law of conservation of kinetic energy were used to simulate and analyze moisture transfer during the drying process. The effects of paper porosity, paper basis weight, drying temperature and hot air velocity on the drying char- acteristic curve were investigated. The results show that porosity has a strong influence on the drying characteristic curve in the constant drying stage but less of an influence in the falling rate drying stage. Different paper basis weights have a significant effect on drying characteristics. The greater the weight is, the longer the drying time is. Increasing the drying temperature and hot air velocity could shorten the drying time, but the effect became weaker as these parameters were increased. These results indicated that the drying efficiency cannot be significantly improved by increasing the temperature and flow rate.

Global Practical Tracking for a Class of Switched Nonlinear Systems with Quantized Input and Output via Sampled-data Control

Yan Jiang,Junyong Zhai 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.5

In this paper, we study the global practical output tracking problem for a class of switched nonlinearsystems via sampled-data output feedback control. Both the input signal and the output signal are quantized forthe sake of less communication burden. The Filippov solution and differential inclusion are adopted to analyzethe resulting discontinuous system. Accordingly, an observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states atthe sampling points. Then, a linear sampled-data output feedback controller is designed with a proper choice ofthe sampling period, the quantization parameter and the design parameters. Finally, a numerical example and apractical example are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

A New ent-Kaurane type Diterpenoid Glycoside from Inula japonica Thunb

Jiang Jiang Qin,Jia Xian Zhu,Wei Dong Zhang1,2,Yan Zhu,Jian Jun Fu,Xiao Hua Liu,Hui Zi Jin 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.10

A new ent-kaurane type diterpenoid glycoside, 17-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1), together with 17-hydroxy-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (2), 16α,17-dihydroxyl-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (3), and 16α-hydroxy-17-acetoxy-ent- kauran-19-oic acid (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula japonica Thunb. The structure of 1 was determined mainly by use of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques including HSQC, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY. In addition, 4 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 14.3 μg/mL.

Esomeprazole magnesium enteric-coated pellet-based tablets with high acid tolerance and good compressibility

Jiang‑Yan Liu,Xiao‑Xue Zhang,Hao‑Yan Huang,이범진,Jing‑Hao Cui,Qing‑Ri Cao 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.3

The aim of this study was to develop esomeprazole magnesium (EMZ-Mg) enteric-coated pellets and pellet-based tablets, as well as to investigate the effects of pellet size and compression method on acid tolerance, content uniformity, compressibility, and stability of preparations. This study used two types of pellet cores, namely, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) core with a particle size of 150–300 μm and sucrose core with a particle size of 600–700 μm. Enteric-coated pellets, which consisted of a drug-free core, a drug layer, a sub-coating layer (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 6 cps), and an enteric-coating layer ( Eudragit®L30D-55), were prepared by using a bottomspray fluidized bed-coating technique. Pellet-based tablets were prepared by using a direct compression method or a wet granulation method. The acid tolerances of the two types of enteric-coated pellets (MCC and sucrose cores) reached up to 98% in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.0) within 2 h, and the dissolution rates in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) reached up to 85% of the labeled amount within 15 min. When compressed into tablets, the pellets based on MCC core (smaller particle size) displayed a significantly higher acid tolerance (up to 92%) compared with the pellets based on sucrose core (larger particle size). In addition, the MCC core-based tablets (F8), especially those prepared by using a granulation method, showed higher drug content uniformity and compressibility than the sucrose core-based tablets (F10), and no lamination phenomenon was observed during compression. The crystallinity of EMZ-Mg was altered during drug layering process, and some physicochemical interactions were observed between the drug and excipients. Moreover, the two types of enteric-coated pellets showed a relatively high stability after storage under high temperature and strong light. However, they showed poor stability under high humidity, resulting in remarkable degradation of active compound. The EMZ-Mg entericcoated pellets and pellet-based tablets were successfully developed, and reduction in pellet size and wet granulation reduced the differences in content uniformity and better protected the pellet coating from damages during compression.

럭셔리 브랜드의 판매 성과와 제품, 고객, 구색의 영향

Jiang Yan,김상화(Sanghwa Kim),조우용(Wooyong Jo),최정혜(Jeonghye Choi) 한국유통학회 2018 流通硏究 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 럭셔리 브랜드의 판매 성과가 매장 유형에 따라서 어떻게 나타나는지 살펴보고 있다. 럭셔리 브랜드는 대표적인 사치재이자 경험재로서 일상적으로 구매되는 소비재와 다르고, 수익이 대부분 매장 판매를 통해 발생한다. 이에 따라 저자들은 선행 연구에서 밝힌 제품 판매 요인들이 럭셔리 브랜드 제품에서는 어떠한 영향력을 미치는지 확인하고 있다. 나아가 매장의 유형에 따라 판매 양상이 어떻게 변화하는지 고찰함으로써, 유통 연구와 실무 업계에 유의미한 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 인기 제품과 고객 성별, 그리고 제품 구색이 매장 매출에 미치는 영향력을 검증하고, 럭셔리 브랜드의 대표적인 매장 유형인 백화점과 아울렛에서 매출이 변화하는 양상을 확인하였다. 매장 거래 데이터의 실증 분석 결과, 저자들은 럭셔리 브랜드 제품의 매장 판매 성과에 관한 세 가지 주요한 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 인기제품은 매출에 긍정적이지만, 이러한 양상은 백화점에서만 나타난다. 둘째, 아울렛에서는 여성 고객이 많을수록 매출이 감소하지만, 백화점에서는 고객 성별에 따른 매출의 차이가 나타나지 않는다. 셋째, 제품 구색이 다양할수록 매출은 증가하며, 이는 백화점과 아울렛에서 모두 동일하게 나타난다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 저자들은 학문적 시사점과 실무적 시사점을 논의하였다.

Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for increasing the production of L-ornithine by increasing NADPH availability.

Jiang, Ling-Yan,Zhang, Yuan-Yuan,Li, Zhen,Liu, Jian-Zhong Published by Stockton Press on behalf of the Socie 2013 Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology Vol.40 No.10

<P>The experiments presented here were based on the conclusions of our previous proteomic analysis. Increasing the availability of glutamate by overexpression of the genes encoding enzymes in the L-ornithine biosynthesis pathway upstream of glutamate and disruption of speE, which encodes spermidine synthase, improved L-ornithine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Production of L-ornithine requires 2 moles of NADPH per mole of L-ornithine. Thus, the effect of NADPH availability on L-ornithine production was also investigated. Expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum gapC, which encodes NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and Bacillus subtilis rocG, which encodes NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, led to an increase of L-ornithine concentration caused by greater availability of NADPH. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrates that the increased levels of NADPH resulted from the expression of the gapC or rocG gene rather than that of genes (gnd, icd, and ppnK) involved in NADPH biosynthesis. The resulting strain, C. glutamicum δAPRE::rocG, produced 14.84 g l?1 of L-ornithine. This strategy of overexpression of gapC and rocG will be useful for improving production of target compounds using NADPH as reducing equivalent within their synthetic pathways.</P>