聽蟬 李志定(1588-1650)의 書藝

柳志福(Yu, Ji-bok) 한국서예학회 2007 서예학연구 Vol.10 No.-

이 논문은 17세기 전반에 활동했던 聽蟬 李志定(1588-1650)의 생애와 그의 서풍을 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 이지정은 자가 靜吾, 호가 聽蟬이다. 아버지 李尙毅와 어머니 尹晛의 딸 사이에서 4남으로 태어났다. 그는 1616년 別試文科에 급제하여 義禁府都事를 초임으로 여러 內職을 거쳤으나, 仁祖反正(1623) 이후로 대북세력이 정권에서 축출됨에 따라 주로 외직을 전전하며 安山․永興 등 7곳의 수령을 지냈다. 그는 어려서는 형제들, 그리고 眉叟 許穆(1595-1682)과 함께 蔥山 鄭彦訥(1545-1612)의 문하에서 수학한 것으로 전한다. 또한 ≪大東書法≫을 간행한 것으로 알려져 있으나, 이를 입증할 만한 기록은 찾기 어렵다. 그는 만년에 사위 李烓(1603-1642)의 죄에 연좌되어 1642년(인조 20) 成川府使직에서 파직당한 뒤 知己 李敏求(1589-1670)의 유배지인 충남 牙山에 인접한 鷄頭里라는 곳에 거처하며 이민구와 두터운 교분을 나누었다. 또한 西湖 가운데 조그만 정자를 짓고 그 편액을 ‘聽蟬’이라 하였으며, 이를 자호로 삼아 翰墨으로 여생을 즐겼다고 한다. 이지정은 17세기 전반에 글씨로 뚜렷한 족적을 남긴 서예가이다. 그는 여러 서체 가운데 유독 초서를 좋아했으며, 현전하는 필적도 대부분 초서이다. 그는 明 張弼(1425-1487)을 수용한 孤山 黃耆老(1521-1725이후)의 초서풍을 사숙하여 일가를 이룬 것으로 평가받는다. 그는 누구보다도 황기로의 서풍을 적극적으로 수용하여 황기로의 글씨에서 드러나는 특징을 극대화시킨 서예가이다. 그의 글씨는 황기로에 비해 필획의 肥瘦의 변화가 두드러지며, 減筆法으로 쓴 간결하고 굳센 필획이 큰 특징을 이룬다. 그의 서풍은 종질인 梅山 李夏鎭(1628-1682), 이하진의 아들 李漵․李瀷 형제, 손녀사위 李命殷(1620-1685) 등에게 이어졌다. 이지정의 글씨는 이들 후손들에 의해 가전되며 새로운 양상을 띠며 변모해갔으며, 李漵에게 서법을 전수받은 南夏行(1697-1781)에 이르러서는 이지정의 서풍뿐만 아니라 전대 초서 명가들의 서풍이 복합적으로 드러나기도 하였다. 이러한 점에서 이지정은 16세기에 형성되었던 황기로의 초서풍을 조선 후기로 이어주는 가교 역할을 하는 동시에, 개성적인 필치가 강한 조선 중기의 초서풍이 조선 후기에 이르러 보다 다양하게 전개되는데 적지 않은 영향을 미친 서예가라고 할 수 있다. 현재 이지정의 문집이 전하지 않아 그의 생애를 종합적으로 규명하기 어렵고, 필적 역시 적은 수가 남아있어 그의 글씨를 폭넓게 조망하기 어려운 한계가 있다. 앞으로 더 많은 관련 자료가 발굴되어 보다 심도있는 연구가 진행되길 기대한다. This paper aims to examine th life and calligraphic style of Cheongseon Yi Ji-jeong (李志定, 1588-1650), who was active in the early 17C. Yi Ji-jeong's second name is Jeongo (靜吾) and pen name is Cheongseon (聽蟬). He was born as the fourth son of his father (Yi Sang-eui) and mother (daughter of Yun Hyeon). He passed special state examination in 1616 and has consecutively filled many central government office stating with Uigeumbu Dosa, his first appointment. However, he was expelled from central power along with the northward regime after Injo Revolution then had changed several local posts, including Ansan and Yeongheung, as governor. It is said that he had studied under Jeong Eonnul (1545-1612)'s instruction along with his brothers and Heo Mok (1595-1682) in his childhood. He was known to have written Daedongseobeop, but with no written record for that fact. After he was involved in the crime of son-in-law Yi Gye (1603-1642) and dismissed from the post of Seongcheon district governor in 1642(Injo 20), he had changed close incherchange with his appreciative friend Yi Min-gu (李敏求, 1589-1670) at Gyedu-ri near Asan, Chungnam Province, or his place of exile. Also, he set a small pavilion at the middle of Seoho (西湖) and named it Cheongseon, then enjoyed his remaining years with the same pen name and Calligraphy. Yi Ji-jeong is a prominent calligrapher in the early 17th Century. He showed favoritism for cursive script, as most of his calligraphic specimen are cursive script. He had emulated Hwang Gi-ro (黃耆老, 1521-after 1575)'s cursive script who admired Zhang Bi (1425-1487) of Ming dynasty, establishing his own fame. He had maximized the characteristics of Hwang's calligraphic style after the most earnest study of his works. His calligraphy has more versatile changes in storke width, also has a unique characteristic of concise and strong stroke written by omission stroke. His calligraphic style was handed down to his nephew Yi Ha-jin (1628-1682), his sons Yi Seo․Yi Ik, grandson-in-law Yi Myeong-eun (1620-1685) and so on. His calligraphic style had changed with new aspects, at his descendants' hands. Nam Ha-haeng (1697-1781), who was inherited from Yi Seo, showed at last a combined aspect having not only Yi Ji-jeong's style but also the earlier masters in cursive script. In this respect, Yi Ji-jeong did a bridge role to deliver 16C's Hwang Gi-ro's cursive script to the late Joseon and had a significant effect on that the subjective cursive script of the mid-Joseon could be diversified in the late Joseon. Because his collection of works do not exist currently, his life cannot be examined with comprehensive manner. The number of his calligraphic specimen is unsatisfactory for extensive study. More materials are being expected for further in-depth study.

Examining Chinese Consumer Brand Attitudes: Perceived Brand Globalness vs. Localness and the Mediating Role of Quality, Prestige, and Image

Yu,Di(Di Yu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

The current paper investigates the impact of a brand's perceived globalness and localness on brand attitude, focusing on the mediating roles of perceived quality, brand prestige, and brand image in China. While previous studies have discussed the effect of perceived brand globalness and localness on consumers' brand attitudes and purchase intentions, there is still limited research conducted in the Chinese market. Particularly, this study differs from previous ones by examining the mediating effect of brand image in addition to perceived quality and brand prestige. The analysis reveals that perceived brand globalness and localness positively influence the brand attitude of Chinese consumers, as supported by the mediating effects of perceived quality, brand prestige, and brand image. Moreover, through mediating effect analysis, brand prestige emerges as the strongest mediator between perceived brand globalness/localness and brand attitude, indicating that Chinese consumers' attitudes toward global and local brands are primarily influenced by brand prestige. Additionally, perceived quality and brand image are found to have subsequent effects. Conversely, the primary influencing factor on Chinese consumers' attitude toward perceived brand localness is brand prestige, followed by brand image and perceived quality. This suggests that, alongside brand prestige, brand image significantly impacts Chinese consumers. These findings imply that Chinese marketing brand managers should prioritize enhancing brand prestige to meet the status and prestige pursuit of Chinese consumers. Consequently, this study is considered significant as it explores the perceived globalness and localness of brands and provides practical implications formarketingmanagers.

비판적 풍자정신의 현대적 계승과 김지하 담시의 시사적 위상

柳志賢 안성산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze that the satiric characters of Kim Ji-Ha's narrative poem are originated from the traditional literature. It is examed by comparing and analyzing the aspects of satire between Gamyunkuk and Kim Ji-Ha's poetry. Satire was one of the useful mode of expression in the Gamyunkuk. It was also useful method to criticize circuitously the existing authority or valuse system and to correct the social abuse. By using the traditional satiric technique in the modern poetry, Kim Ji-Ha took the social concern into literature and used it as the mode of indirect resistance. Through this technique, he made the expanded form of poetry-Damsi and created the new meaning of poetry which is containing the criticizing consciousness.

Description of a new species of the whitefly genus Pealius Quaintance & Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from China

Ji‐Rui Wang,Yu-Zhou Du,Jon H. MARTIN,Zhi-Hong XU 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.5

A new whitefly species, Pealius yunnanensis sp. nov., collected from Mengzi, Caoba village (Yunnan, China) on Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. (Urticales: Moraceae), is described with morphology, line illustrations, photographs and scanning electron microscope images. In addition, a checklist of Chinese species of Pealius is provided and all Pealius species recorded from Ficus around the world are listed. Specimens have been deposited in the Insect Collection of Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University (ZAFU), Lin'an, China.

유방암의 위와 대장전이

유현아,김은영,서민지,정은,조민정,오현진,장지혜,박지찬,이정의,박석영 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2014 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.37 No.2

Gastric metastasis from breast cancer is rare and only six cases have been reported in Korea. Colon metastasis is more rare than gastric metastasis. We report a 63-year-old woman with gastric and colon metastases of invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. She was diagnosed as right breast cancer, received right modified radical mastectomy 10 years ago and has been treated with chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Investigating for melena and a small caliber of stool, we found gastric and colon metastases. The diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer was made through gross pathologic and immunohistochemistry staining. We report a case with gastric and colon metastases from breast cancer and a review of the associated six case reports in Korea.

대량의 각혈로 사망한 장티푸스 1예

한상우,유진홍,권순석,김성훈,박지찬,홍은정,최경성,박용완,장준희,안지원,박유경,강지영,박상미,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

We experienced a 25 year-old male patient with typhoid fever complicated with massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary complication in typhoid fever is very rare and to our knowledge, there has been no report of hemoptysis as a main cause of death with this disease. We herein report a rare case of typhoid fever.

식민지 시대 시에 나타난 동경과 구원의 시학

유지현 안성산업대학교 2002 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

The thesis is to understand the dismal reality of the Japanese colonial rule from the perspective of poets of the times -- Kim Sowol, Lee Sangwha, Bak Seok, Yoon Dongjoo and Shin Sukjung--, and to analyze their efforts to escape from the gloomy reality through poems by studying the aspects of the aspiration for an ideal world and salvation. In his poem <Ummaya-Noonaya>, Kim Sowol embodies a harmonious place during childhood. The word 'riverside' connotes a primitive ideal world where maternity and nature coexist. The poet recognizes the absence of maternity as dismal realities and chaos. He attempts to reorganize an ideal world through maternity. For Lee Sangwha, the absence of fields that symbolize maternity implies the absence of the will to live. The awareness of the crisis caused by the absence of the will to live is portrayed in his poem, which demonstrates an ideal world whee the will is fully materialized. Bak Seok recalls a place where he lived under the protection of his mother during childhood, thereby portraying an ideal place related to the past. For Yoon Dongjoo, his pure self exists only in his hometown North Kando, where his mother lived. He tries to overcome chaos that the self faces in the real world through memories of his mother and the hometown. shin Sukjung pursues an pastoral ideal place isolated from the reality, which he describes as 'the nation far away from here'. He combines the warmth of maternity with the spatial characters of 'the nation' by pursuing to go to the nation while longing to meet mother. The poets in the Japanese colonial rule recognize the reality as a dismal and frustrating place. The aspiration for an ideal world stands in contrast to the reality and connotes dark days of the reality. The aspiration for an ideal world of the poets in the 1920s and 1930s has a point in common; nostalgia for the past, in particular, childhood, and maternity. What the poetic thinking of these poets implies is that in the process, they remind themselves of significant values of the reality that they have lost and maintain critical perspectives on the reality. At the same time, that they imagine an ideal world is a demonstration of their determination to create a better place by recognizing absurdity and irony of the real world. In other words, their aspiration for an ideal place that they are deprived of implies critical perspectives on the reality and the restoration of lost values.

한국의 歲時風俗과 服飾 : 소설 <혼불>에 표현된 텍스트를 중심으로

유지헌 服飾文化學會 2003 服飾文化硏究 Vol.11 No.5

The Purpose of this study was to prospect new costume culture of 21st Century and to understand the meaning of clothing and clothing behavior which represent on Korean Seasonal Costumes expressed in novel, Honpul. The results were as follows; There are special Costumes in a Year. They are New year, First full moon, Servants day, making seasonings, Doo Rae, Wha-cheon Nori(enjoying blossoms) Costumes during spring season. Dan-Oh Costume in summer and Ya-Kwang-Gui(keeping shoes at ail night), Su-Ya(overnight), Yeam-Bal(burning dropped hairs) Costume in winter season. There were many relationship with clothing in new year, Wha-cheon Nori and Servants day Costumes, but they only had adorning meaning without special symbolic or incantational meaning. Clothing and clothing behaviors in Seasoning making day Costume, Dan-Ho costume and Ya-Kwang-Gui, Su-Ya, Yeam-Bal Cosumes contained practical meaning with incantational meaning. There were Servants day costumes and Doo-Rae Costumes for lower classes. New year and Wha-cheon Nori costumes for the higher classes. But the First full moon day costume was for both classes. This study will make us to grasp the meaning of clothing culture with Korean Seasonal Costumes, and be useful to measure the changes of Korean costume cultures.

백화점의 패션 마케팅 전략 분석 : 현대 압구정점·신촌점을 중심으로 Comparison of Hyundai Apgujung Branch and Shinchon Branch

유지헌 服飾文化學會 2001 服飾文化硏究 Vol.9 No.6

The purposes of this study were to compare the marketing compose elements of Apgujung and Shinchon branch of Hyundai Department Store and to suggest desirable fashion marketing strategies for other Department Stores and retailing stores. The results were as follows. Two kinds of factor were classified form this study; one was Hardware elements such as Trading Area. Site, Store Composition, Scale, and Subsidiary facilities etc., another was Software elements like Store Concept. Image, and Merchandising and so on. The followings were suggested from Hardware elements; 1) Trading Area could be classified 'local type' and 'spread type'. 2) Each branch was differentiated from store formation of conventional department store which had food department in basement. There were the most powerful women's fashion brand to lead costumers in second basement. 3) In accordance with the position of subsidiary facilities of Hyundai Department Store. 'Water Jet Effect' strategy and 'Show Effect' strategy could be usefully applied for other Department Stores and retailing stores. 4) The strategy of approaching easily to the target floor which was located in lower floor, could be applied to various retailing stores. The followings were suggested from Software elements; 1) Stores management coping with poles-apart in costumer could be needed to other Department Store and retailing stores. 2) It also could be needed to find and maintain effective ratio between common brand and differentiated brands in the other Department Stores.

여대생의 의복착용동기와 패션경향

柳志憲,韓明淑 服飾文化學會 2000 服飾文化硏究 Vol.8 No.1

The purposes of this study were to classify of clothing-wearing motives, to analyze tendency of fashion in campus, and to propose fashion merchandising plans and marketing strategies of companies for female college students. Research had been done during 1 week each on April and October in 1998 and 1999. Sixty-two students in spring semester and 54 students in fall semester were surveyed and analyzed. Their grades and majors were not considered in this study. Fashion Diary had been written by students and then their statements were analyzed by the means of the qualitative data analysis. Following conclusions were obtained from this study. 1. Clothing-wearing motives were classified with 'group depending on daily work', 'group depending on image', 'group depending on body supplement', 'group depending on weather', 'group of fashion following', 'group depending on courtesy', 'group depending on mood', and 'group of unconcerning'. 2. The fashion tendency of the students were layered look and they preferred casual styles, such as round t-shirts, jean pants, and cardigans. The color of white, black, and gray were prevalent for top wear, and the color of blue, black, beige for bottom wear in both seasons. For shoes, color of black, brown, white were popular. For bags, black, blue, and khaki color were prevailed. 3. The proposals obtained from this study are as follows: 1) Production of clothing enforced functional and practical base is wanted for 'group depending on daily work'. 2) Designs considering body parts such as hip, arm hole, shoulder, and thigh are needed. 3) Utilization of new materials such as waterproof with ventilation, opaque(means 'not see-through'), antipollution finishing process are required. 4) Simple designs of clothing which could be performed by herself with vrious accessories. Thermochromic materials are wanted for 'group of fashion following.' 5) Diversity of semi-suit is required for 'group depending on courtesy.'