-고의 범주와 자질에 관하여

정용길(Yong kil Jeong) 서울여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문논총 Vol.27 No.-

Jeong(1990)은 한국어의 동사접사인 -고와 대격조사인 -를과 통일한 환경에서 허가된다는 사실에 근거하여 -고가 대격표지라는 분석을 제시한다. 한편 Yoon(2013)은 -고를 대격표지로 분석하는 Jeong(199)의 주장을 반박하며 -고는 대격표지가 아니고 보문소라고 주장한다. 그러나 Yoon(2013) 의 이러한 주장에는 이론적, 경험적 문제가 있다. 먼저 Yoon(2013)은 대격표지와 보문소가 서로 대비되는 개념으로 가정하고 있는데 이는 명백히 잘못된 가정이다. 보문소는 문법범주에 해당하는 반면에 (대)격표지는 문법범주가 아니라 문법자질에 속하는 것이기 때문이다. 다시 말해서 Jeong(l999)은 -고를 대격자질을 지니고 있는 보문소로 분석하고 있다. 따라서 Yoon(2013) 의 주장이 논리적인 타당성을 얻기 위해서는 -고가 격표지가 아니라 보문소다라고 주장하는 대신에 ‘보문소는 격자질을 포함할 수 없다‘라고 주장해야 한다. Yoon(2013)은 격표지들인 - 가나 -를이 생략되는 환경에서 -고가 생략될 수 없다는 점을 지적하면서 -고가 격표지일 수 없다고 주장한다. 그러나 이 주장에도 문제가 있다. 먼저 여기서 언급된 환경에서 어떤 접사가 생략되었다는 사실이 그 접사가 격표지라는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 즉 격표지 이외의 다양한 표지들도 동일한 환경에서 생략될 수 있다. 그리고 생략현상을 좀 더 확대해 보면 오히려 -고와 -를이 같은 속성을 보여준다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그러므로 -고가 격표지가 아니고 보문소라는 Yoon(2013) 의 주장은 설득력이 약하다. 그리 고 Jeong(l999) 에 대한 반박이 설득력을 얻으려면 -고와 -는의 대조적인 분포를 설명할 수 있어야 한다. Jeong (1999) proposes that the verbal particle -ko is a morphological realization of accusative case feature. Criticizing Jeong's (1999) argument, Yoon (2013) argues that -ko is not a case marker but a complementizer. Yoon's (2013) criticism, however, reveals serious problems both theoretical and empirical. First, Yoon (2013) does not distinguish between syntactic categories and morphological features. Yoon's (2013) main point is that -ko is not a case marker but a COMP. Note, however, that the latter refers to a syntactic category but the former to a morphological feature. Jeong (1999) assumes that -ko is a COMP and therefore Yoon's (1993) criticism against Jeong (1999) is not valid theoretically. Yoon (2013) also shows that unlike -ka and -lul, -ko cannot be deleted in some cases, which he argues provides evidence against Jeong's analysis of -ko as a case marker. If we consider more examples regarding the deletion phenomenon, however, we find that -ko patterns with case markers -ka and -lul. This implies that the phenomenon mentioned in Yoon (2013) has nothing to do with the discussion of whether -ko is a case marker or not. A valid criticism of Jeong' s (1999) analysis of -ko should provide a principled account of the fact that -ko is licensed by verbs but not by nouns or adjectives.

Influence of Phase Composition in TiAlSiN Hard Coatings on the Evolution of Structure and Mechanical Properties

Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Jun‑Ho Jang,Ju‑Hun Kim,Sung‑Kil Hong,Hyun‑Kuk Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.3

The aim of this study is to investigate the structural evolution and mechanical properties of TiAlSiN coatings when processedby the arc ion plating method. To form a hard coating, Ti, Al, and Si powders were mechanically alloyed by planetary ballmilling; the powders were then densely compacted during a rapid sintering process into a ternary system coating, i.e. TiAlSi. The evolution of the structural phase from a powder to a compact material is dominated considerably by phase states suchas a supersaturated solid solution or intermetallic compounds. In the case of coating layers, the factors that determine thestructural evolution are associated with the phase stability of the nano-crystalline structure that in turn is associated withthe Ti/Al composition ratio. Motivated by this, we performed experiments to investigate the distribution of microstructures;the material’s binding energy, quantitative properties, transformation of crystal structure, and distribution of amorphous/crystalline were all recorded. In particular, the relationship between the physical and chemical properties during the coatingprocess is considered to be the dominant factor controlling the orientation and morphology of that zone (1, T, and 2). TheTiAlSiN coating layer was found to have hardness above 45 GPa and an adhesion above 100 N. In other words, understandingthe evolution and structure of TiAlSin helped us to produce a material with excellent properties that can be used as a hardcoating. Specifically, these properties were induced by a grain refinement of the nano-crystalline structure that correspondsto an increase in the silicon nitride contents.

Rapid Consolidation of WC‑ZrSiO4 Hard Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering: Microstructure, Densification, and Mechanical Properties

Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Ju‑Hun Kim,Sung‑Kil Hong,Hyun‑Kuk Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.9

Densely consolidated WC-based hard materials with 5–20 vol% ZrSiO4was fabricated by spark plasma sintering at 1400 ℃ ata constant heating rate of 70 ℃/min−1. To achieve mechanical alloying of WC-ZrSiO4, planetary ball milling was carried outfor 12 h, during which the brittle-brittle components (WC-ZrSiO4) became fragmented and their particles became refined. Itwas observed that certain, specific, non-isothermal sintering kinetics, such as apparent activation energy, sintering exponents,and densification strain, affected the densification behavior. The evolution of phase structure from powder to compact wasfound to be related the lattice distortion and micro-strain in the basal planes of WC. By examining the mechanical propertiesof the samples, it was that the added zircon content leads to enhanced fracture toughness (12.9 MPa m1/2) owing to thepresence of WC-ZrSiO4 in the cemented carbide. In fact, the microcrack propagation of the fracture passed through zirconfrom a transgranular to a ductile component (fcc) where the crack tips could be absorbed.

Effect of Mechanical Alloying on the Microstructural Evolution of Al60Cr30Si10 Alloys Processed by Spark Plasma Sintering

Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Jun‑Ho Jang,Ju‑Hun Kim,Sung‑Kil Hong,Hyun‑Kuk Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

In this study, Al, Cr and Si fine powders were alloyed by planetary ball milling to investigate their microstructural evolution,following their mechanical alloying behavior. The formation of Al(Cr) supersaturated solid solution by the Cr grainsembedded in Al-matrix, which contributed substitutional structure is discussed in relation to their structural evolution inaccordance with the distortion of a crystal lattice. The compacts of Al–Cr–Si alloys were prepared by rapid sintering withina short time by dense consolidation above the density of 99.9% as the formation of intermetallics, except in the case of thedistribution of single-phases induced by the Al-melting. The formation behavior of intermetallics was dominated by dependenceon the structures of the milled-powder and subsequent sintering temperature. To estimate the consolidated behaviorsof compacts, various approaches derived from TEM and XRD analysis were taken to obtain microstructural evidences ofthe inter-diffusion, following the presence of thermally stable intermetallics.

저합금 주강품의 열처리 해석

김정태,김정인,곽시영,최정길 한국주조공학회 2003 한국주조공학회지 Vol.23 No.6

당뇨병 백서의 간세포에서 Glucokinase 활성도 및 유전자 발현에 대한 인슐린의 영향

강성이,팽정령,서광식,안규정,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,김영설,김광원,최영길 경희대학교 유전공학연구소 1993 遺傳工學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

목적 당대사의 조절 상태에 따른 생체 변화를 분자 수준에서 이해하고자 식이 조건을 달리한 정상 백서와 화학적으로 유도된 당뇨병 백서의 간조직에서 혈당수준과 인슐린치료 정도에 따라 나타나는 글루코키나제 활성도 및 유전자 발현을 분석하였다. 방법 스트렙토조토신 정맥투여 후 당뇨병의 유발을 확인하고, 인슐린을 1일 3회 3일간 복강내로 투여하여 상태를 안정시킨 후, 인슐린 투여군은 인슐린 투여 6시간이내에 그리고 인슐린 비투여군은 24시간 후 단두하여 채혈하고 복강을 열어 간조직을 채취하였다. 채취한 간조직에서 글루코키나제 활성도는 인산화된 포도당에서 NADH의 형성을 형광분광계로 측정하였으며, 글루코키나제 유전자 mRNA발현은 Northern 분석법을 이용하였다. 성적 정상 백서에서 공복상태와 식이를 섭취한 경우에 간조직의 글루코키나제 효소의 활성은 차이가 없었으나, 글루코키나제 유전자 mRNA 발현은 증가되었다. 당뇨병이 유발된 백서의 간조직에서 글루코키나제 효소의 활성 및 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현은 정상 백서에 비하여 낮았다. 인슐린 투쳐 후 글루코키나제 효소의 활성 및 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 증가되었고, 특히 혈당이 정상화된 경우에서 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 증가도었다. 결론 인슐린에 의한 간조직에서 글루코키나제 효소의 활성 및 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA을 증가를 볼수 있었다. 당뇨병 백서에서 인슐린 투여 후에 혈당조절이 안된 경우 간조직의 글루코키나제 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 증가가 없는 것으로 보아 글루코키나제 mRNA의 발현에는 인슐린 이외의 다른 요소가 관여할 것으로 생각된다. The liver-specific hexokinase isoenzyme, referred to as glucokinase, is thought to play a key reglulatory role in hepatic glucose metabolism. The glucokinase gene is, therefore, of interest both because of its tissue-specific expression and because of the several regulatory processes that can be analyzed. The level of hepatic glucokinase activity appears to be determined essentially by regulation of the rate of enzyme synthesis, with insulin playing a leading role as an inducer. We investigated the role of insulin for the induction of glucokinase in the liver of diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin 7 days before the experiment. Regular insulin was given by three days intraperitoneal injection at 8-h interval. The glucokinase mRNA in the liver was estimated by Nothern blot assay, as well as by fluorometric enzyme activity assay. Glucokinase activity was not reduced in the liver of normal fasting rats as compared to normal fed rats. And glucokinase activity was reduced in the liver of diabetic rats as compared to normal rats. In diabetic rats treated with insulin, glucokinase enzyme activity were increased. But glucokinase mRNA expression was only increased in normoglycemic diabetic rat with treated with insulin as compared to hyperglycemic rat. These data indicate that insulin stimulates hepatic glucokinase enzyme activity and mRNA expression. But other hormonal or metabolic factors may be contribute to regulation of glucokinase mRNA expression.

서독의 통일외교 : 한국내 논의제기를 위한 시론

길정우 고려대학교 一民국제관계연구원 1996 국제관계연구 Vol.1 No.2

한국어 음소분석에 관한 연구

이수길, 송정영 배재대학교 공학연구소 2014 공학논문집 Vol.16 No.1

It is generally known that accurate segmentation is very necessary for both an individual word and continuous utterances in speech recognition. It is also commonly known that techniques are now being developed to classify the voiced and the unvoiced, also classifying the plosives and the fricatives. The method for accurate recognition of the phonemes isn't yet scientifically established. Therefore, in this study we analyze the Korean language, using the classification of "Hunminjeongeum" and contemporary phonetics, with the frequency band, Mel band and Mel Cepstrum, we extract notable features of the phonemes from Korean speech and segment speech by the unit of the phonemes to normalize them. Finally, through the analysis and verification, we intend to set up Phonemic Segmentation System that will make us able to adapt it to both an individual word and continuous utterances.

파열된 거대 중뇌동맥류의 수술적 경험 2례 : 2 Cases

정길수,이정청 대한신경외과학회 1987 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.16 No.1

The authors report their experiences of direct intracranial operation on 2 cases of ruptured giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm which have similar diameter size (over 2.5㎝) and location (middle cerebral artery bifurcation area). One had showed subarachnoid hemorrhage at the right sylvian fissure and another had showed intracerebral hematoma at the right temporal lobe on brain C - T scan. The former was operated 25 days after ictus because of generalized seizure attack and vasospasm on cerebral angiography, the latter was operated within 18 hours after ictus due to semicomatose mental state and intracerebral hemotoma on the right temporal lobe. We have utilized on giant aneurysmal surgery with multiple tactics such as transient hypotension, temporary clipping, multiple clipping, puncture or incision of the aneurysmal body and removing of hematoma.

Virtual 토폴로지를 이용한 WDM LAN의 링, 버스, 스타 토폴로지와 Shufflenet의 성능평가

정길현,이정규 한양대학교 공학기술연구소 1995 공학기술논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) provides high speed communication networks by utilizing the vast bandwidth of optical fibers. Electronic bottlenecks can be avoided and various network features are offered by using WDM. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of ring, bus, star topologies and shufflenet under this WDM regular virtual topologies. The ring topology has been adopted as the appropriate structure for Local Area Networks (LAN). The performance of unidirectional ring topology, bidirectional ring topology and shufflenet have been compared with the node processing efficiency by using WDM. The average distances, which is the important parameters of regular structures, has been computed and then the computation has been confirmed via simulation. As results, it has seen that the performance of ring, bus, and star topologies in case of regular virtual topology are equal and the performance of shufflenet is better than that of ring topology.