Valuation of ecosystem services in the organic carbon of the Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City

Lee, Eung-Pill,Lee, Soo-In,Jeong, Heon-Mo,Han, Young-Sub,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Jae-Hoon,Jang, Rae-Ha,Hong, Youg-Sik,Jung, Young-Ho,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Sang-Hun,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Background: Standing biomass, litter production, rate of litter decomposition, amount of litter on forest floor, and amount of soil organic carbon distribution were investigated from March 2016 to November 2018 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value through organic carbon distribution in the Pinus densiflora forest at Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City. Results: The amount of organic carbon in the Pinus densiflora forest was 261.09 ton C ha^-1 during the research period, and fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 3.2 ton C ha^-1 year^-1. The organic carbon in plant was 62.77 ton C ha^-1 (24.04%), in litter on the forest floor was 3.65 ton C ha^-1 (1.40%), and in soil was 194.67 ton C ha^-1 (74.56%). The value of plant, litter on forest floor, and soil organic carbon distribution were each 6,277,000 won ha^-1, 365, 000 won ha^-1, and 19,467,000 won ha^-1. The value per ton of fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 320,000 won ha^-1 year^-1 and the value of ecosystem services stored in carbon in the Namsan forest ecosystem was about 26.1 million won ha^-1 for 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the pine forests of Namsan rapidly decompose leaves due to the high atmospheric temperature and accumulate a large amount of organic carbon in the soil to provide climate control regulatory service function.

HA 라우팅 기반의 개선된 멀티캐스트 제공 방안

김인경(In-Kyeong Kim),하정락(Jeong-Lak Ha),현은희(Eun-Hee Hyun),김상하(Sang-Ha Kim) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2Ⅲ

IETF Mobile IP는 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 IP 멀티캐스트를 지원하기 위한 메커니즘으로 HA 기반 라우팅과 FA 기반 라우팅을 간략히 언급하고 있다. FA 기반 라우팅의 경우, 단말기 이동 시 멀티캐스트 트리를 재구성하는 오버헤드가 존재하는 단점이 있다. 반연, HA 기반 라우팅의 경우, 단말기 이동시 경로 최적화가 이루어지지 않는 단점에도 불구하고, 멀티캐스트 트리 수정에 대한 오버헤드가 존재하지 않은 장점이 있다. 이러한 장점은 망의 안정성을 높일 수 있기 때문에 많은 연구에서 HA 기반 라우팅을 채택하고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 HA 기반 라우팅 방법에서 가장 큰 장애 요소는 터널링 집중화 현상이며, 이를 해결하기 위해 Mobile Multicast(MOM) 등에서 정성적인 방법을 제안하고 있지만, 구체적인 프로토콜이 없으며 모든 HA들이 관여하는 복잡도로 인해 실제로 망에 배치되는 데 한계성을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 현재의 Mobile IP 메시지의 간단한 확장과 FA에 멀티캐스팅을 위한 기능을 첨가하여, 터널링 집중화 현상을 해결하는 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다. 제안되는 프로토콜은 현재의 모든 IP 멀티캐스트를 수용하고, Mobile IP와의 호환성을 유지한다.

Budget and distribution of organic carbon in Taxus cuspidata forest in subalpine zone of Mt. Halla

Jang, Rae-Ha,Jeong, Heon-Mo,Lee, Eung-Pill,Cho, Kyu-Tae,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2017 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.41 No.1

Background: In order to investigate organic carbon distribution, carbon budget, and cycling of the subalpine forest, we studied biomass, organic carbon distribution, litter production, forest floor litter, accumulated soil organic carbon, and soil respiration in Taxus cuspidata forest in Halla National Park from February 2012 to November 2013. Biomass was calculated by using allometric equation and the value was converted to $CO_2$ stocks. Results: The amount of plant organic carbon was $13.60ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ in 2012 and $14.29ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ in 2013. And average organic carbon introduced to forest floor through litter production was $0.71ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$. Organic carbon distributed in forest floor litter layer was $0.73ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ on average and accumulated organic carbon in soil was $51.13ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ on average. In 2012, Amount of released $CO_2$ from soil to atmosphere was 10.93 ton $CO_2ha^{-1}year^{-1}$. Conclusions: The net ecosystem production based on the difference between net primary production of organic carbon and soil respiration was $-1.74ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ releasing more carbon than it absorbed.

Enhancement of bio-stability and mechanical properties of hyaluronic acid hydrogels by tannic acid treatment

Lee, Ho-Yong,Hwang, Chang-Ha,Kim, Hyoun-Ee,Jeong, Seol-Ha Elsevier 2018 Carbohydrate Polymers Vol.186 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been widely investigated because of its excellent biocompatibility and its ability to form hydrogels with various chemical modifications. However, HA hydrogels undergo rapid degradation and exhibit poor mechanical stability under physiological conditions. Tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring polyphenol found in plants and fruits, has recently attracted interest as a crosslinking agent because of its abundant hydroxyl groups. In this study, we prepared HA hydrogels chemically crosslinked by polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and treated with TA in an attempt to enhance the physical properties of HA hydrogels. TA acts as a physical crosslinker owing to the strong hydrogen bonding between TA and PEGDE, resulting in improved mechanical properties that support both cell attachment and proliferation without any sign of cytotoxicity. The enzymatic stability of the HA–TA hydrogels was significantly enhanced with the addition of TA, which was attributed to the hyaluronidase inhibition activity of TA. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of TA resulted in good resistance to degradation by reactive oxygen species, which can be generated in human tissues.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Crosslinking strategy of hyaluronic acid by using polyethylene glycol and tannic acid is proposed. </LI> <LI> Superior bio-stability and mechanical properties of hyaluronic acid hydrogels are obtained. </LI> <LI> Enhanced biological responses of hyaluronic acid- tannic acid hydrogel are achieved. </LI> </UL> </P>

Expansin으로 형질전환 된 담배의 생장 특성

신하정, 성현정, 백승준, 김보미, 엄유리, 조은정, 정찬문, 이이 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

“Did You Enjoy Dining Alone?” An Examination of Solo Diners

Ha,Joo-Yeon,Park,Jeong-Yeol,Robin M,Back 한국식공간학회 2020 식공간연구 Vol.15 No.3

As the number of people spending time alone continues to increase, more people are engaging in solo consumption experiences, resulting in dining alone at a restaurant becoming more prevalent. Restaurants have responded in a number of ways to provide accommodations for solo diners’preferences, including the provision of different table layouts such as small tables, bar seating, and communal tables. However, a close examination on the impact of such table arrangements on solo diners’ behavioral intentions is lacking. This study was designed to examine the influence of table layouts, in conjunction with three restaurant quality dimensions (food quality, service quality, and atmospheric quality), on solo diners’ positive emotions and situational loneliness, which ultimately influences behavioral intentions. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data collected from 286 United States residents who had dined alone at a restaurant within the previous two weeks. Results suggested that food quality and service quality stimulated positive emotions, while food quality decreased situational loneliness. Bar seating increased positive emotions and decreased loneliness. Positive emotions increased both revisit intentions in general and revisit intentions as a solo diner. Loneliness, on the other hand, was shown to decrease revisit intentions as a solo diner.

Soil CO₂ efflux in a warm-temperature and sub-alpine forest in Jeju, South Korea

Jeong, Heon-Mo,Jang, Rae-Ha,Kim, Hae-Ran,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2017 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.41 No.6

Background: This study investigated the temporal variation in soil $CO_2$ efflux and its relationship with soil temperature and precipitation in the Quercus glauca and Abies koreana forests in Jeju Island, South Korea, from August 2010 to December 2012. Q. glauca and A. koreana forests are typical vegetation of warm-temperate evergreen forest zone and sub-alpine coniferous forest zone, respectively, in Jeju island. Results: The mean soil $CO_2$ efflux of Q. glauca forest was $0.7g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ at $14.3^{\circ}C$ and that of A. koreana forest was $0.4g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ at $6.8^{\circ}C$. The cumulative annual soil $CO_2$ efflux of Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was 54.2 and $34.2t\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Total accumulated soil carbon efflux in Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was 29.5 and $18.7t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for 2 years, respectively. The relationship between soil $CO_2$ efflux and soil temperate at 10 cm depth was highly significant in the Q. glauca ($r^2=0.853$) and A. koreana forests ($r^2=0.842$). Soil temperature was the main controlling factor over $CO_2$ efflux during most of the study period. Also, precipitation may affect soil $CO_2$ efflux that appeared to be an important factor controlling the efflux rate. Conclusions: Soil $CO_2$ efflux was affected by soil temperature as the dominant control and moisture as the limiting factor. The difference of soil $CO_2$ efflux between of Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was induced by soil temperature to altitude and regional precipitation.

Dimethylnitrosamine 유발 급성 간 손상 흰쥐에서 ^(99m)Tc-Lactosylated Serum Albumin을 이용한 간 기능의 평가

정신영,이재태,서명랑,유정아,배진호,안병철,황재석,정재민,하정희,이규보 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.6

목적: ^(99m)Tc-lactosylated serum albumin (^(99m)Tc-LSA)은 간세포에 특이적으로 결합하는 간수용체 영상용 방사성의약품으로 새로이 합성되었다. 간섬유화를 유발하는 dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)을 투여한 간 손상 휜쥐 모델에서 ^(99m)Tc-LSa의 역동학적인 간섭취를 조사하고 간효소치의 변화와 조직학적 소견을 비교하여, LSA의 간섭취가 간기능의 변화를 반영하는지를 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: SD계 흰쥐에 DMN를 27 mg/kg으로 복강 내 주사하여 급성 간손상을 유도하고 대조군과 비교하였다. DMN을 주사한 흰쥐를 3일(DMN-3), 8일(DMN-8), 21일(DMN-21)에 ^(99m)Tc=LSA (1,665 mg/kg) 29 MBq를 정맥 주사하여, 30분 동안 동적 영상을 획득하고 간과 신장부위에 관심영역을 설정하여 간과 심장부위의 시간방사능 곡선을 얻었다. 간기능 평가를 위해 시간방사능 곡선을 이용하여 간섭취지수와 혈중제거지수를 구하였고 곡선 최적화를 시행하였다. DMN 투여군과 대조군의 간효소치의 변화와 간조직의 광학현미경 소견을 비교하였다. 결과: 대조군에서는 ^(99m)Tc-LSA가 빠르게 간에 섭취되고 혈중에서 제거되었으나 DMN을 처리한 군에서는 간섭취가 낮았다. 간섭취지수의 비교에서 대조군에 비해 DMN 처리군에서 유의하게 간섭취지수가 낮았다(DMN-3: 0.842, DMN-8: 0.898, DMN-21: 0.91, 대조군: 0.96, p<0.05). 혈중제거지수의 비교에서도 대조군에 비해 DMN 처리군에서 혈중제거지수가 유의하게 높았다(DMN-3: 0.731, DMN-8: 0.654, DMN-21: 0.604, 대조군: 0.473, p<0.05). 비선형 회귀분석에서 R_(2) 값은 0.9이상으로 좋은 일치를 보였고, 대조군에ㅓ K값이 DMN처리군에 비해 크고(DMN-3: 0.28, DMN-8: 0.41, DMN-21: 0.46, 대조군: 0.97, p<0.05), T_(1/2)값은 작았다(DMN-3: 2.5, DMN-8: 1.7, DMN-21: 1.5, 대조군: 0.7, p<0.05). 간효소치의 변화는 DMN-3군에서는 대조군에 비해 상승하였으나 DMN-8, DMN-21군에서는 간효소치의 상승이 관찰되지 않았다. 간조직 소견의 경우 DMN-3군에서 중심정맥 주위에 괴사가 관찰되었으나 DMN-8군, DMN-21군에서는 미약한 정도의 염증세포 침윤만이 관찰되었다. 결론: ^(99m)Tc-LSA 간신티그래피의 간섭취 정도는 간손상과 반비례하였으며 간섭취의 변화는 조직학적 손상이 심한 정도와 간손상후 회복되는 과정을 반영하여 주었다. ^(99m)Tc-LSA 간신티그래피가 간손상을 평가하고 간손상후 회복되는 과정을 추적하는 간수용체 영상용 방사성 의약품으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objects: ^(99m)Tc-lactosylated human serum albumin(LSA) is a newly synthesized radiopharmaceutical that binds to asialoglycoprotein receptors, which are specifically presented on the hepatocyte membrane. Hepatic uptake and blood clearance of LSA were evaluated in rat with acute hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) and results were compared with corresponding findings of liver enzyme profile and these of histologic changes. Materials and Methods: DMN (27 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in Sprague-Dawley rat to induce acute hepatic injury. At 3(DMN-3), 8(DMN-8), and 21(DMN-21) days after injection of DMN, LSA injected intravenously, and dynamic images of the liver and heart were recorded for 30 minutes. Time-activity curves of the heart and liver were generated from regions of interest drawn over liver and heart area. Degree of hepatic uptake and blood clearance of LSA were evaluated with visual interpretation and semiquantitative analysis using parameters (receptor index : LHL3 and index of blood clearance : HH3), analysis of time-activity curve was also performed with curve fitting using Prism program. Results: Visual assessment of LSA images revealed decreased hepatic uptake in DMN treated rat, compared to control group. In semiquantitative analysis, LHL3 was significantly lower in DMN treated rat group than control rat group (DMN-3:0.842, DMN-8: 0.898, DMN-21: 0.91, Control: 0.96, p<0.05), whereas HH3 was significantly higher than control rat group (DMN-3: 0.731, DMN-8: 0.654, DMN-21: 0.604, Control: 0.473, p<0.05). AST and ALT were significantly higher in DMN-3 group than those of control group. Centrilobular necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells were most prominent in DMN-3 group, and were decreased over time. Conclusion: The degree of hepatic uptake of LSA was inversely correlated with liver transaminase and degree of histologic liver injury in rat with acute hepatic injury.

Cordyceps militaris alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ob/ob mice

Ha-Neul Choi,Yang-Hee Jang,Min-Joo Kim,Min Jeong Seo,Byoung Won Kang,Yong Kee Jeong3,,Jung-In Kim 대한지역사회영양학회 2014 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.8 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an important public health problem as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have become epidemic. In this study we investigated the protective effect of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) against NAFLD in an obese mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Four-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 1% C. militaris water extract for 10 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Hepatic levels of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxide were determined. RESULTS: Consumption of C. militaris significantly decreased serum glucose, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), in ob/ob mice. In addition to lowering serum FFA levels, C. militaris also significantly decreased hepatic total lipids and triglyceride contents. Serum ALT activities and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were reduced by C. militaris. Consumption of C. militaris increased hepatic GSH and reduced lipid peroxide levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that C. militaris can exert protective effects against development of NAFLD, partly by reducing inflammatory cytokines and improving hepatic antioxidant status in ob/ob mice.

Evaluation of Agronomic Stability of North Korean Rice Varieties using Statistical Models

Jeong, O-Young,Lee, Jeom-Ho,Hong, Ha-Cheol,Jeong, Eung-Gi,Paek, Jin-Soo,Yang, Chang-Ihn,Jeon, Yong-Hee,Kim, Myeong-Ki,Lee, Kyu-Seong,Yang, Sae-Jun,Lee, Young-Tae The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 한국작물학회지 Vol.53 No.1

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic stability of North Korean rice varieties using the statistical model developed by Grafius, Finlay, and Ever hart. The lowest yearly variation based on coefficients of variation was found in Hannam 29 for number of panicles per hill, in Sijoong 9 for number of grains per panicle, in Pyeongyang 3 for ripened grain ratio, in Sijoong 16 for 1,000 grain weight, and in Yeomju 1 for grain yield. By Grafius's model, Pyeongbook 3, Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups show stable for 3 years. Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups were found to be highly stable as analyzed by both Finlay and Wilkinson's model and Everhart & Russell's model. With reference to three models, Weonsan 66 was highly stable for 3 years with showing more yield than Odaebyeo in early maturing groups while Seohaechalbyeo was highly stable for 3 years with showing high yield than Hwaseongbyeo in medium maturing groups above $5\;t\;ha^{-1}$ of milled rice respectively.