Development of Sensitive Analytical Method of Rhodanthpyrone A by a LC-MS/MS and its Application to Bioavailability Study in Rats

Kang, Bitna,Yoon, Jeong A,Song, Im-Sook,Han, Young Taek,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3

A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibration curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with $r^2$ > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanthpyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of distribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A.

Topologically free actions and purely infinite $C^{*}$-crossed products

Jeong, Ja-A Korean Mathematical Society 1994 대한수학회보 Vol.31 No.2

For a given $C^{*}$-dynamical system (A, G, .alpha.) with a G-simple $C^{*}$-algebra A (that is A has no proper .alpha.-invariant ideal) many authors have studied the simplicity of a $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha{r}}$ G. In [1] topological freeness of an action is shown to guarantee the simplicity of the reduced $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha{r}}$ G when A is G-simple. In this paper we investigate the pure infiniteness of a simple $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha}$ G of a purely infinite simple $C^{*}$-algebra A and a topologically free action .alpha. of a finite group G, and find a sufficient condition in terms of the action on the spectrum of the multiplier algebra M(A) of A. Showing this we also prove that some extension of a topologically free action is still topologically free.

Sensory discrimination by consumers of multiple stimuli from a reference: Stimulus configuration in A-Not AR and constant-ref. duo-trio superior to triangle and unspecified tetrad?

Jeong, Y.N.,Kang, B.A.,Jeong, M.J.,Song, M.J.,Hautus, M.J.,Lee, H.S. Longman Scientific Technical ; Elsevier Science Pu 2016 Food quality and preference Vol.47 No.1

<P>In the food industry, overall discrimination tests are used with untrained/naive consumer subjects to compare multiple test stimuli against a fixed reference, such as a company's gold standard or a stimulus familiar to the consumer. Such tests are used for various objectives, including reformulation and cost reduction. Yet, studies on relative discrimination power and efficiency have been limited to experimental designs with a fixed pair of stimuli and method comparisons based on the same numbers of tests. In the present study, two reminder methods, A-Not A with Reminder (A-Not AR) and 2-AFC with Reminder (2-AFCR), were investigated as potentially better methods for experimental designs including comparisons of multiple pairs of stimuli for consumer discrimination. 2-AFCR is procedurally equivalent to a constant-reference duo-trio test with the reference presented first (DTF) and thus this test is referred to as the constant-ref. DTF/2-AFCR test in this paper. The practical efficiency of these two reminder methods, attributed to their effective stimulus configurations in replicated tests (i.e. using a fixed reference and lower number of different stimuli required in a test), was tested in comparison with the two most commonly used balanced reference classification methods, the triangle test and the unspecified tetrad test, by equalizing the number of stimuli required for the different methods. Namely the relative operational discrimination power was studied based on the same number of stimuli rather than the same number of tests. 180 naive consumers performed a set of 12 replicated triangle tests and, based on the results, were divided into one of three equally-performing groups. A related-samples design was implemented for comparison between the triangle and the other three methods. An independent-samples design was implemented across the three groups to compare the A-Not AR, constant-ref. DTF/2-AFCR, and unspecified tetrad methods. Statistical ratio comparisons of d' estimates obtained from different methods revealed that discrimination performance in the reminder methods was better than in both the tetrad and triangle methods. No discrimination difference was found between the triangle and tetrad tests having all possible test sequences, although the triangle test considering only the optimal test sequences, which were the same as those in the constant-ref. DTF/2-AFCR, resulted in superior discrimination than the tetrad test. Collectively, these results suggest that when assessing the discriminability of multiple stimuli from a fixed reference, the reminder scheme is the superior research design. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Studies on Simultaneous Determination of Chlorophyll a and b, Pheophorbide a, and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina Products

이영자,김소희,김진숙,한정아,서해점,임효정,최수영,Lee Young Ja,Kim So Hee,Kim Jin-Sook,Han Jeong A,Seo Hae Jeom,Lim Hyo Jeong,Choi Soo Young The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2005 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.20 No.3

역상 컬럼을 이용하여 건강기능식품 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 함유되어 있는 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴의 HPLC동시분석법을 확립하였으며, 첨가농도 $50\;\mug/ml$에서 엽록소 a, b, 페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴에 대한 회수율시험결과, 각각 2.8, 6.0, 10.6 및 $10.4\%$의 상대표준편차와 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 및 $90.5\%$의 회수율을 각각 나타냈다. 이때 검출한계는 $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$, 정량한계는 $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$이었으며 검량선 상관계수도 0.995 이상의 직선성을 보여주었다. 국내유통 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 대한 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a및 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량을 분석한 결과 엽록소 a $121.g\sim543$, 엽록소 b $0.6\sim160.0$, 페오포르바이드 a 및 P-카로틴 $383.6\sim1713.7mg/ml$ 수준으로 나타났다. 엽록소 b의 함유량은 클로렐라제품에서 평균 374.0 mg/100 g 으로 스피루리나제품의 평균 10.5 mg/100 g 보다 30배 이상 함유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량은 스피루리나제품이 평균 1335.4 mg/100 g 로 클로렐라제품의 평균 495.0 mg/100 g 보다 평균 함유량에서 2.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 건강기능식품공전 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품의 엽록소 a b, 및 페오포르바이드 항목의 규격검사를 본 연구의 동시분석법으로 개정함으로써 각 성분 함량의 정량, 분석시간의 단축 및 비용절감 둥 시험방법을 크게 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. A simple and sensitive analysis method based on reverse phase (RP) HPLC with UV detector was developed for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina products. For added concentration $(50\;\mug/ml)$ of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$, recoveries of those were 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 and $90.5\%$, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.8,6.0, 10.6 and $10.4\%$. Limit of detection and quantification had ranges of $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$ and $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$, respectively. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.995 for chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$. Results of simultaneous determination in Chlorella and Spirulina products were showed ranges of $121.g\sim543.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll a,$0.6\sim160.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll b, $19.2\sim60.3\;\mug/ml$ for pheophorbide a and $383.6\sim1713.7\;\mug/ml$ for $\beta-Carotene$, respectively. Chlorophyll b contents in Chlorella products were detected above 30 times level to those in Spirulina products. $\beta-Carotene$ contents in Spirulina products were detected 2.7 times level to those in Chlorella products.

중국 웨딩 산업의 맞춤형 정보 제공을 위한 중국 웨딩 · 뷰티 이미지 분석연구

오현아(Oh, Hyun A),배수정(Bae, Soo Jeong) 한국디자인문화학회 2016 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 향후 중국 웨딩 산업의 주체로 부상하고 있는 80후와 90후의 여성을 대상으로 웨딩 · 뷰티 스타일 트렌드를 조사 분석하여 그들의 니즈에 맞는 패션 · 뷰티 정보를 중국시장에 진출하려고 하는 한국웨딩업체에 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로는 문헌연구와 실증적 연구를 병행하였는데, 문헌연구에서는 선행연구 및 관련 산업 현황을 조사하였고, 실증적 연구에서는 웨딩 · 뷰티 트렌드의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 중국의 대표 웨딩 전문잡지인 시상신양(;Cosmo Bride)의 2011년 1월-2013년 12월까지 총 36개월의 자료와 중국의 결혼과 관련해 가장 보편화된 웨딩 관련 사이트와 웨딩 박람회 자료를 선택한 후 패션 · 뷰티 이미지 분석을 전문가 집단을 통하여 실시하였다. 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 중국 웨딩패션뷰티 이미지 분석 결과 엘레강스 이미지가 가장 높게 나왔으며, 메이크업은 유사 색상 배색을 통해 단아하고 차분한 이미지를 연출하는 것을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 헤어에 있어서는 업스타일 형태가 주를 이루었다. 형태적인 면에 있어서는 실루엣은 A라인 실루엣, 네크라인은 베어드탑, 웨이스트 라인은 노멀 웨이스트 라인, 소매는 슬리브리스가 높은 빈도를 보였다. 웨딩드레스의 소재는 시스루 소재, 드레스 색채는 무채색이 높은 비율을 보였고, 장신구는 착용하지 않는 형태가 가장 높은 빈도를 보였다. 이를 이미지별로 살펴보면, 내추럴 이미지의 경우 유사색상배색의 메이크업과 내추럴 헤어, 웨딩드레스는 A라인 실루엣, V넥, 하이웨이스트, 슬리브리스 형태, 시스루 소재의 무채색 웨딩드레스에 베일이나 장신구가 없는 형태로 코디네이션되면서 높은 빈도를 보였다. 모던이미지의 경우 유사색상배색의 메이크업, 업스타일 헤어, 웨딩드레스는 A라인 실루엣, 베어드탑, 노멀 웨이스트, 슬리브리스, 시스루 소재의 무채색 웨딩드레스에 장신구가 없는 형태로 코디네이션되어 연출되었다. 로맨틱 이미지의 경우 유사색상배색의 메이크업, 업스타일 헤어, 웨딩드레스는 A라인과 X라인 실루엣, 베어드탑, 노멀 웨이스트, 슬리브리스, 시스루 소재의 무채색 웨딩드레스에 헤드드레스가 착용되어 코디네이션되고 있었다. 마지막으로 엘레강스 이미지의 경우 유사색상배색의 메이크업, 업스타일 헤어, 웨딩드레스는 A라인과 X라인 실루엣, 베어드탑, 노멀 웨이스트, 슬리브리스, 시스루 소재의 무채색 웨딩드레스에 장신구가 없는 형태로 코디네이션되고 있었다. 결론적으로 중국의 80후와 90후 세대를 타켓으로 하는 웨딩 트렌드는 지역적, 문화적 차이가 있는 한국의 웨딩트렌드와는 미묘한 차이가 있기에 우리 기업이 중국에서 웨딩시장에 성공적으로 진입하기 위해서는 반드시 필요한 연구임을 알 수 있었다. 무엇보다도 중국 웨딩 소비시장의 규모가 상승세를 타고 있는 시점에서 막연한 한류보다는 그들의 구체적인 선호 트렌드를 파악함으로써 또 다른 웨딩한류를 기획하는 마케팅 전략을 개발하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to provide information on fashion and beauty which satisfy the needs of 80hou and 90hou women who are becoming the main agent of the Chinese wedding industry in the future for the Korean wedding companies willing to enter Chinese market by investigating and analyzing their wedding and beauty style trends. As for the research method, literature reviews and empirical studies were arranged together. In the literature review, the precedent studies and present conditions of the relevant industry were investigated. And in the empirical studies, the materials of Cosmo Bride from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2013 (total 36 months), the most common wedding web sites related to Chinese wedding, and wedding fairs were selected and an analysis of fashion and beauty images was carried out by an expert panel to understand the characteristics of the wedding and beauty trends. The analytical results of the study are as follow: The result which analyzed Chinese wedding fashion and beauty images has found that elegant image is highest. Makeup has found that graceful and calm image by arrangement of similar colors are preferred and hair was mainly up hairdos. As for form aspects, high frequency was shown in A line silhouettes for silhouettes, bared top for necklines, normal waistlines for waistlines, and sleeveless for sleeves. And high frequency in wedding dress" materials was shown in see-through materials and in colors were achromatic colors. As for accessories, high frequency was shown in the form of not wearing accessories. To look at these by images, natural images showed high frequency of coordination with makeup with arrangement of similar colors, natural hair, and wedding dress of A line silhouettes, V neck, high waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors without veil or accessories. As for modern images, makeup with arrangement of similar colors, up hairdos, and wedding dress of A line silhouettes, bared top, normal waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors without accessories were coordinated. As for romantic images, makeup with arrangement of similar colors, up hairdos, and wedding dress of A line and X line silhouettes, bared top, normal waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors with head dress were coordinated. Lastly, elegance images were coordinated with makeup with arrangement of similar colors, up hairdos, and wedding dress of X line silhouettes, bared top, normal waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors without accessories. In conclusion, this is a necessary research for Korean companies to successfully enter Chinese wedding market because the Chinese wedding trend targeting 80hou and 90hou has subtle differences with the Korean wedding trends which have regional and cultural differences. Above all, as the scale of Chinese wedding consumption market are on the rise, it gives useful information to develop marketing strategies of planning Korean wedding wave by understanding their concrete preferred trend not just depending on Korean wave.

청가시덩굴 추출물의 기능성 원료 표준화를 위한 지표성분 Resveratrol, trans-Scirpusin A의 분석법 개발 및 검증

권진관(Jin Gwan Kwon),정연우(Yeon Woo Jung),최윤혁(Yun-Hyeok Choi),이지은(Ji Eun Lee),정원식(Wonsik Jeong),이정아(Jung A Lee),최춘환(Chun Whan Choi),안은경(Eun-Kyung Ahn),최용문(Yongmun Choi),홍성수(Seong Su Hong) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.11

본 연구는 HPLC를 이용하여 청가시덩굴 추출물을 개별인정형 건강기능식품의 기능성 원료로 개발하기 위한 원료 표준화의 일환으로, 청가시덩굴 추출물의 지표성분을 resveratrol과 trans-scirpusin A로 설정하고 이에 대한 HPLC 분석법을 확립하여 유효성의 검증을 실시하였다. 분석법 유효성 검증은 특이성, 직선성, 정확도, 정밀도, 검출한계 및 정량한계 등을 통해 분석법의 신뢰성을 검증하였으며, 그 결과 표준용액과 청가시덩굴 추출물 간의 HPLC 크로마토그램 및 UV spectrum의 일치 여부 등의 비교를 통해 다른 물질과 간섭 없이 피크가 분리된 것으로 특이성을 확인하였다. 또한 표준용액 검량선의 상관계수(R²)는 0.9999로 매우 우수한 직선성으로 관찰되어 분석에 적합한 것으로 확인되었으며, 검량선의 기울기 및 표준편차를 이용한 검출한계는 resveratrol이 0.98 μg/mL, trans-scirpusin A는 0.49 μg/mL였고 정량한계는 resveratrol이 2.98 μg/mL, trans-scirpusin A는 1.48 μg/mL로 각각 확인되었다. 청가시덩굴 추출물에 표준물질을 3개 농도 첨가하고 분석한 회수율은 resveratrol이 98.77~99.24%, trans-scirpusin A는 98.45~99.45%로 나타나 정확성이 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 청가시덩굴 추출물의 조제 농도 2.2, 4.4 및 6.6 mg/mL에서 반복성은 resveratrol이 0.99~1.22%, trans-scirpusin A는 1.12~1.32%를, 실험실 내 정밀성에서는 일내 정밀성은 resveratrol이 0.67~0.87%, trans-scirpusin A는 1.18~1.33%로 나타났고 일간 정밀성은 resveratrol이 0.93~1.22%, trans-scirpusin A는 1.33~2.27%로 확인되어 본 분석법은 정밀성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 분석결과를 통해 확립된 청가시덩굴 추출물의 지표성분인 resveratrol과 trans-scirpusin A의 HPLC 분석법은 적합한 시험법으로 검증되었으며, 본 시험법은 향후 청가시덩굴 추출물의 건강기능식품 기능성 원료 개발과 표준화를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다. This study was undertaken to establish an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC for the standard determination of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A as functional ingredients in Smilax sieboldii extract. We evaluated the specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of various analytical methods for detecting resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A using HPLC. The specificity was confirmed by the chromatogram obtained using the HPLC analytical method. Also, the results of UV and the coefficient of correlation (R²) obtained was 0.999, which confirmed that this was a suitable analysis with high linearity. The LOD was 0.98, 0.49 μg/mL, and LOQ was 2.98, 1.48 μg/mL, which was confirmed as a suitable limit level for the analysis of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A content in the S. sieboldii extract. The recovery of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A content was determined to be 98.77±0.73∼99.24±1.47% and 98.45±1.18∼99.45±1.66%, respectively, indicating high accuracy. The intra-day repeatability and the intra-laboratory precision of the daily repetition were confirmed to be 0.67∼0.87%, 1.18∼1.33% and 0.93∼1.22%, 1.33∼2.27%, respectively, for trans-scirpusin A, for the relative standard deviation. These results indicate that the reported HPLC method is simple, reliable, and reproducible for the detection of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A in S. sieboldii extract.

Synthesis of Novel Apio Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues as Selective A_(3) Adenosine Receptor Agonists

Hwang, Ki-Jun,Chun, Moon-Woo,Jacobson, Kenneth A.,Jeong, Lak-Shin,Lee, Jeong-A,Moon, Hyung-Ryong,Kim, Hea-Ok,Kim, Kyung-Ran,Lee, Kang-Man,Kim, Bum-Tae 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.16

On the basis of the biological activity of neplanocin A and apio-dideoxyadenosine (apio-ddA), novel apio-neplanocin A analogues 5a- d, combining the properties of two nucleosides, were stereoselectively synthesized. The apio moiety of the target nucleosides 5a-d was stereoselectively introduced by treating· lactol 10 with 37% formaldehyde in the presence of potassium carbonate. The carbasugar moiety of neplanocin A was successively built by exposing diene 12 on a Grubbs catalyst in methylene chloride. The final nucleosides 5a-d were synthesized from the condensation of the glycosyl donor 14 with nucleic bases under the standard Mitsunobu conditions. Similarly, apio-aristeromycin 6 and (N)-apio-methanocarbaadenosine 7 were derived from the common intermediate 13 using catalytic hydrogenation and Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation as key steps. All of the final nucleosides 5a-4, 6, and 7 did not show significant inhibitory activity against S-adenosylllolllocysteine hydrolase (SAH) up to 100 ㎛, maybe due to the absence of the secondary hydroxyl group at tile C3'-position, which should be oxidized by cofactor-bound NAD^(+). However, aplo-neplanocin A (5a) showed potent and highly selective binding affinity (K_(i), = 628 ± 69 nM) at the A_(3) adenosine receptor without any binding affinity at the A_(1) and A_(2A) adenosine receptors. In conclusion, we have first developed novel carbocyclic nucleosides with unnatural apio-carbasugarsusing stereoselective hydroxymethylation and RCM reaction and also discovered a new template of human A_(3) adenosine receptor agonist, which play a great rote in developing new A_(3) adenosine receptor agonist as well as in identifying the binding site of the receptor.

Effective connectivity during working memory and resting states: A DCM study

Jung, Kyesam,Friston, Karl J.,Pae, Chongwon,Choi, Hanseul H.,Tak, Sungho,Choi, Yoon Kyoung,Park, Bumhee,Park, Chan-A,Cheong, Chaejoon,Park, Hae-Jeong Elsevier 2018 NeuroImage Vol.169 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although the relationship between resting-state <I>functional</I> connectivity and task-related activity has been addressed, the relationship between task and resting-state directed or <I>effective</I> connectivity – and its behavioral concomitants – remains elusive. We evaluated effective connectivity under an N-back working memory task in 24 participants using stochastic dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of 7 T fMRI data. We repeated the analysis using resting-state data, from the same subjects, to model connectivity among the same brain regions engaged by the N-back task. This allowed us to: (i) examine the relationship between intrinsic (task-independent) effective connectivity during resting (A<SUB>rest</SUB>) and task states (A<SUB>task</SUB>), (ii) cluster phenotypes of task-related changes in effective connectivity (B<SUB>task</SUB>) across participants, (iii) identify edges (B<SUB>task</SUB>) showing high inter-individual effective connectivity differences and (iv) associate reaction times with the similarity between B<SUB>task</SUB> and A<SUB>rest</SUB> in these edges. We found a strong correlation between A<SUB>rest</SUB> and A<SUB>task</SUB> over subjects but a marked difference between B<SUB>task</SUB> and A<SUB>rest</SUB>. We further observed a strong clustering of individuals in terms of B<SUB>task</SUB>, which was not apparent in A<SUB>rest</SUB>. The task-related effective connectivity B<SUB>task</SUB> varied highly in the edges from the parietal to the frontal lobes across individuals, so the three groups were clustered mainly by the effective connectivity within these networks. The similarity between B<SUB>task</SUB> and A<SUB>rest</SUB> at the edges from the parietal to the frontal lobes was positively correlated with 2-back reaction times. This result implies that a greater change in context-sensitive coupling – from resting-state connectivity – is associated with faster reaction times. In summary, task-dependent connectivity endows resting-state connectivity with a context sensitivity, which predicts the speed of information processing during the N-back task.</P>

부산지역 유흥업소 종사여성으로부터 분리된 HPV16형의 발암유전자(E6/E7) 돌연변이 유형 분석

민상기(Sang-Kee Min),김성순(Sung Soon Kim),최병선(Byeong-Sun Choi),장대호(Dai-Ho Jang),이미옥(Mee-Ok Lee),최성화(Seung-Hwa Choi),김남호(Nam-Ho Kim),박연경(Yon-Koung Park),정영아(Yeong-A Jeong),김성준(Seong-Joon Kim),빈재훈(Jae-Hun Bi 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.6

HPV-16형의 염기배열 변이는 지역적, 인종적으로 특징적인 차이가 있으며 특히 HPV-16형 E6/E7 유전자의 특정 염기서열변이는 자궁경부암 및 자궁상피내 신생종양물의 발생을 일으키는 고위험 요인으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 2007년 부산지역 유흥업소 종사여성으로 분리된 HPV-16형 19건을 대상으로 E6/E7 유전자 영역(nt 34-880)을 표적으로 지역적 염기서열 변이를 조사하였다. nucleotide 수준에서 HPV16형 E6 유전자는 T178G (n=11), T178A (n=1), T350G (n=4), A442C (n=2), A104T, A111G, C116T, G145T, T183G, C335T, G522C 등 11종의 변이주가 발견되었고, E7 유전자는 A647G (n=12), A645C, A777C, G663A, T732C, T760C, A775T, T789C, T795G 등 9종의 변이주가 발견되었다. 아미노산 수준에서는 HPV-16형 E6 단백질의 경우 D25E (n=12), L83V (n=4), E113D (n=2), M1L, Q3R, P5S, Q14H, D25N, I27R, H78Y, C140S 등 11종의 변이주를, HPV16형 E7 단백질의 경우 N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S 등 3종의 변이주를 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 부산지역의 HPV-16형 E6/E7 우점 돌연변이주는 E6 D25E (75%), E7 N29S (78%)로 각각 나타났다. 앞으로 자궁경부암 환자 및 일반여성을 포함한 더 많은 모집단을 대상으로 HPV-16형 E6/E7의 intratypic variants를 비교 조사하여 실제 HPV-16형 E6/E7 어떤 변이주가 자궁경부암 유발 위험성과의 관련성은 더 많이 연구되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. Recent studies have reported that the distribution of HPV-16 sequence variation differs geographically, and more specifically that HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants might carry a high risk for development of ICC (invasive cervical cancer) and CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) in a given population. To investigate the genetic diversities of HPV-16 E6/E7 oncogene by region, we collected nineteen HPV-16 isolates from sexually high-risk women in Busan, and analyzed the HPV-16 E6/E7 coding regions (nt 34 to 880) with HPV-16 E6/E7 specific PCR amplification. At the nucleotide level, eleven variants of the E6 genes and nine variants of the E7 genes were identified as follows: E6 T178G (n=11), E6 T178A (n=1), E6 T350G (n=3), E6 A442C (n=2), E6 A104T, E6 A111G, E6 C116T, E6 G145T, E6 T183G, E6 C335T, E6 G522C and E7 A647G (n=12), E7 A645C, E7 A777C, E7 G663A, E7 T732C, E7 T760C, E7 A775T, E7 T789C and E7 T795G, respectively. At the amino acid level, the isolated HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes showed eleven E6 variants: E6 D25E (n=12), E6 L83V (n=4), E6 E113D (n=2), E6 M1L, E6 Q3R, E6 P5S, E6 Q14H, E6 D25N, E6 I27R, E6 H78Y, E6 C140S and three E7 variants: N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S. HPV16 E6 L83V, the dominant variant in the Caucasian population, showed relatively low frequencies in our study population. We elucidated that the dominant HPV-16 E6/E7 variants were HPV-16 E6 D25E (63.2%) and HPV-16 E7 N29S (63.2%), which were phylogenetically included in Asian lineage. Further study is needed to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer related HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants in the Korean population.

A new compound, 1H,8H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione, suppresses airway epithelial cell inflammatory responses in a murine model of asthma.

Lee, H,Han, A R,Kim, Y,Choi, S H,Ko, E,Lee, N Y,Jeong, J H,Kim, S H,Bae, H Biomedical Research Press 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARM Vol.22 No.3

<P>Clinical and experimental studies have established eosinophilia as a sign of allergic disorders. Activation of eosinophils in the airways is believed to cause epithelial tissue injury, contraction of airway smooth muscle and increased bronchial responsiveness. As part of the search for new antiasthmatic agents produced by medicinal plants, the effects of 270 standardized medicinal plant extracts on cytokine-activated A549 human lung epithelial cells were evaluated. After several rounds of activity-guided screening, the new natural compound, 1H,8H-Pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione (PPY), was isolated from Vitex rotundifolia L. To elucidate the mechanism by which the anti-asthmatic responses of PPY occurred in vitro, lung epithelial cells (A549 cell) were stimulated with TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-1beta to induce the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. PPY treatments reduced the expression of eotaxin, IL-8, IL-16 and VCAM-1 mRNA significantly. Additionally, PPY reduced eotaxin secretion in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited eosinophil migration toward A549 medium. In addition, PPY treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and ERK1/2, suggesting that it can inhibit the MAPK/NF-KB pathway. To clarify the anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic effects of PPY in vivo, we examined the influence of PPY on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma. To accomplish this, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and then examined for the following typical asthmatic reactions: an increase in the number of eosinophils in BALF; the presence of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 in the BALF; the presence of allergen-specific IgE in the serum; and a marked influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. Taken together, our results revealed that PPY exerts profound inhibitory effects on the accumulation of eosinophils into the airways while reducing the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the BALF. Therefore, these results suggest that PPY may be useful as a new therapeutic drug for the treatment of allergic asthma.</P>