Jean Piaget에 있어서 논리의 근원 : 행동 Action

문장수 영남철학회 1996 哲學論叢 Vol.12 No.-

Les notions de vieillissement et de vieillesse dans la littérature contemporaine, première approche : Simone de Beauvoir

Jean?Charles Jambon 프랑스문화예술학회 2010 프랑스문화예술연구 Vol.33 No.-

프라이 왁스먼은 성장소설 혹은 교양소설Bildungsroman에 대립되는 성숙소설Reigfunsroman 이라는 새로운 장르를 제안했다. 영미의 페미니스트들과 더불어 왁스먼은 시몬 드 보부아르를 여성의 나이듦과 노년에 대한 연구에 있어 선구자로 간주한다. 영미와 캐나다의 몇몇 소설가들은 보부아르가 여성의 노년에 대해 자신의 작품에서 제기했던 문제에 대해 나름으로 답하고 있다. 사실, 인생의 각 시기에 마주치게 되는 문제에 관심을 가진 사람에게 보부아르의 저서 『노년』은 중요한 준거이다. 『노년』과 늙음의 관계는 『제2의 성』이 프랑스와 미국에서(미국에 미친 영향이 더 지대 했음은 주지의 사실이다) 페미니즘의 발전에 대해 가졌던 관계와 동일하다. 본 연구에서 우리는 자서전으로 간주되는 보부아르의 작품을 중심으로 인생의 각 시기에 대한 문제제기가 어떻게 전개되는지 살펴보았다. 보부아르가 오랫동안 노년을 혐오했다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 늙음에 대한 이러한 공포와 거부는 실존주의 철학에 닻을 내리고 있는 죽음에 대한 그녀의 관계를 분석할 때 어렵지 않게 설명된다. 사르트르의 철학에 있어 그리고 보부아르에게 있어 주목해야 할 것은 죽음의 부조리성이다. 죽음은 전적으로 외부로부터 오는 어떤 사실, 추문이다. 오랫동안 보부아르의 사유에서 늙음과 죽음은 서로 분리되지 않았다. 이후 그녀의 생각은 서서히 성숙되어, 사르트르가 병으로 생명이 위협받게 되었을 때 그녀는 죽음이 단지 형이상학적인 추문일 뿐만 아니라 《동맥의 한 특징》이며, 무(無)일 뿐만 아니라 어떤 내밀한 현존이라는 생각을 하게 된다. 모친 사망 후 그녀는 『아주 달콤한 어떤 죽음』이라는 주목할만한 작품을 출판한다. 이 작품은 그녀가 죽음뿐만 아니라 늙음에 대해 다르게 보기 시작했음을 보여준다.

L’AMELIORATION DE LA LEGISLATION ET DE LA REGLEMENTATION

Jean‐,Marie Pontier 경희법학연구소 2008 경희법학 Vol.43 No.3

조선조 연시조의 발전과 수용 양상

김상진(Kim, Sang-Jean) 한국시조학회 2014 시조학논총 Vol.40 No.-

조선조 연시조는 四時歌, 五倫歌, 六歌 등의 유형으로 발전하며 각각의 계열을 형성하게 된다. 이렇듯 일련의 시조가 계열을 형성한다는 것은 그들 간에 영향관계가 있음을 의미한다. 본고는 이 가운데서 대표격이라 할 수 있는 육가계 연시조가 시대에 따라 어떻게 변모하고 있는가를 고찰하기로 한다. 이를 위해 육가의 성격에 대하여 먼저 규명하였다. 사시가와 오륜가가 그 명칭에서부터 작품의 성격을 의미하는 것과는 달리 육가는 그렇지 못하다. 더욱이 최초의 작품인 李鼈의 〈藏六堂六歌〉와 최고의 작품으로 꼽히는 退溪의 〈陶山十二曲〉이 〈장육당육가〉를 비판, 수용함으로써 육가의 성격을 모호하게 한다. 이에 본고에서는 兩者를 아우르는 육가의 성격을 ‘處의 공간에서 물러난 시기에 부르는 노래’로 정의하였다. 본격적인 논의에서는 〈도산십이곡〉을 중심으로 논의를 진행하였다. 왜냐하면 이후의 작품들이, 〈도산십이곡〉이 표방하는 溫柔敦厚의 정신과 형식을 본받아 작품을 창작하면서 〈도산십이곡〉이 육가계 연시조의 대표작이 되었기 때문이다. 즉 〈도산십이곡〉이 취하고 있는 육가의 형식과 온유돈후의 정신이 16세기말에서부터 18세기에 창작된 육가계 시조에 어떻게 수용되고 있느냐의 문제이다. 〈도산십이곡〉은 세 가지 유형으로 수용된다. 첫째는 긍정적 수용 양상이다. 이들은 〈도산십이곡〉과 근접한 시기에 창작된 것으로, 그것의 정신과 내용 모두 〈도산십이곡〉을 효방한다. 둘째는 變容的 수용 양상으로, 17세기적 상황을 반영한다. 이것은 기본적으로는 〈도산십이곡〉에 근접하고자 하였지만 작가의 의식세계나 그가 처한 상황에 따라 적절하게 변화시켜 수용한 경우이다. 셋째는 18세기에 창작된 작품에서 볼 수 있는 異形的 수용 양상이다. 이 시기의 작품들은 전반적인 맥락에서 본다면 〈도산십이곡〉이 지향하는 틀을 수용하지만, 그 구체적인 면모는 그와 다르거나 오히려 상반되게 수용하고 있는 경우이다. 이상과 같이 육가계 연시조를 통시적으로 조망함으로써, 낱낱의 작품만을 봤을때 놓치게 되는 작품들 간의 ‘관계’에 주목하고자 하였다. 요컨대 이들 작품이 모두 유기성을 지닌 연시조라는 사실을 간과하지 않았다. 그럼으로써 총체적으로는 작품의 실체에 근접하고자 하였다. Joseon Yeonsijo is a type of development such as Sasiga (四時歌), Oryunga (五倫歌), Yukga (六歌). And each line was formed. This means that the relationship between the effect of the same lines. In this paper, Yukga-line Yeonsijo is the target. Because, this is among the Yeonsijo. In order to do this, first identify the nature of the Yukga. The name alone Yukga does not know character of work. This is different from Sasiga and Oryunga. And, the first work is Li-Byeol(李鼈)’s 〈Jangyukdanoyukga (藏六堂六歌)〉 and The best works Toegye(退溪)’s 〈Dosansibigok (陶山十二曲) character is different. Therefore, the character of Yukga is ambiguous. Thus, in this paper, stipulates as follows that ‘Yukga is singing in the space of retreat’. In a real discussion, specifically focuses on Toegye’s 〈Dosansibigok〉. Becau se, later creative works is 〈Dosansibigok〉 was seen. In other words, 〈Dosansibigok〉’s the spirit of Onyudonhu (溫柔敦厚) and form. So 〈Dosansibigok〉 was the representative of the Yeonsijo. 〈Dosansibigok〉 to accommodate the three types of patterns. First, it is a acceptance of positive. This is creative the closest period from 〈Dosansibigok〉. So were imitated all spirit and form. Second is the acceptability of transformation. This reflects the situation in the 17th century. This is essentially a 〈Dosansibigok〉 attempt seen. However, the situation was because of transformation. Third is, it can see the 18th century. It is the acceptability of allogeneric. There are the overall context of generally oriented to 〈Dosansibigok〉. However, looking specifically to it is different, or the opposite. So, this paper was diachronic study as a Yukga-line Yeonsijo. In doing so, pay attention to the ‘relationship’ between the works. In addition, it is important that this work is Yunsijo in accordance with the organic. In short, the study was close to the reality of work.

성패귀인의 성차에 대한 연구

정진경, 류윤상, 최현주 忠北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1994 學生生活硏究 Vol.19 No.1

본문참고

韓國言語의 合成과 分析에 관하여 : A Consideration for Digital Signal Processing of Speech Recognition 音聲信號 認識을 爲한 디지탈信號 處理에 對한 考察

陳庸玉 光云大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

This paper presents a consideration for digital signal processing method of Korean speech recognition. First, the concepts of digital signal processing techniques are introduced, then we are discussed several speech recognition methods, especially, LPC (linear pridicted cofficients), ZCR (zero crossing rate), dynamic time warping algorithm etc. For voice/unvoice detection, ZCR algorithm are appropriated, then, for the formant frequency dicision, LPC method are very powerful and precisely. Resultly, we know that a few parameter for speech recognition are required, also necissitated for newly simple speech recognition algorithm, lastly, we are acknowoledged a necissity of very high speed microprocessor, as like ECL bit slice.

電解浸硼處理에 미치는 Ti添加의 影響

崔鎭一 단국대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The effect of Ti additions to molten borax have studied on the growth of intermetallic phase formed during electro-boronizing of the carbon steel and STS 430. The thickness of alloy layer was measured by an optical microscope and the structure was identified by X-ray diffractometer. The penetrated depth of the boron increased with addition of Ti but decreased above certain amount. The hardness and sliding wear resistance of carbon steel and STS 430 which penetrated deeply the diffused depth the boron as raising temperature and current density increased more remarkable than other surface treatment.

한국의 민족 정체성과 통일을 위한 '열린 민족' 개념에 관한 연구

이진영 연세대학교 통일연구원 2001 통일연구 Vol.5 No.1

This article discusses concept of 'nation' in Korea, and suggests that a form of 'open nation' should be introduced for the future reunification process.In the global era, nation-state system is being eased in witnessed.Also, attributes of identity such as ethnicity, localism, gender, and religion become more important.This trend is now coincided with a democratic development of a society. Korea is a divided country and las almost 7 million overseas Koreans scattered around the world.Yet, a clear definition of the Korean nation has not been scrutinized.There are two schools in the formation of 'nation': perrenialists and modernists.Although modernist position is more persuasive in Korean case, perrenialists' view has been emphasized in North and South Korea due to the political situation.Using the modernist view of nation, a tolerant and open concept of nation should be introduced for future Korea.With this, we can achieve the goal of democratic society which embraces various identities inside the society and also includes the other Koreans such as North Koreans and Overseas Koreans.

실내시험에 의한 Sand Column의 투수특성

이진수 東新大學校 工業技術硏究所 2004 工業技術硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Laboratory evaluation of the effect of fines, confine stress and dry density on the permeability characteristics in sand columns is presented. The triaxial permeability tests were conducted on different contents of fines(5, 15, 25, 35%), confine stress (σ₃´=0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 kg/cm²), and dry density( γ_(d)=1.50, 1.55, 1.60, 1.65g/cm³). The results of triaxial permeability tests showed that as the contents of fines, confine stress and dry density became increase permeability became decrease. For the contents of fines, when the fines that smaller than 0.01mm increases the permeability decreases significantly. For the confine stress and the dry density, the permeability is decreased significantly at changes of the confine stress(σ₃´=0.5~1.0 kg/cm²) and the dry density (γ_(d)= 1.50~1.55g/cm³) at lower levels.

大學生의 思考技能의 診斷과 改善에 關한 硏究 : It's Diagnosis and Improvement

朴鎭玹,金武吉,金祥源,朴敬玉,羅東晋 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1988 學生生活硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Cognitive psychologists have taken a growing interest in reasoning skills as a primary goal of education. This study was accomplished as a part of elementary research on reasoning skills that have been pointed out as short comings of teaching of thinking. This study was composed of two substudies : one was to explore the ways to analyzing and diagnosing strategies for college students to apply to reasoning and problem solving, and the other was to examine the teachability of a normative strategy of thinking. In the first part of this study, we explored three alternatives to analyze thinking skills : cognitive process analysis, cognitive structure analysis, and cognitive style analysis ; and suggested the integrative use of them in diagnosing the cognitive skill of reasoning and problem solving. Model of cognitive process analysis was to devide the executive process of a specific task into several subtasks or components, measure the amount of effort, response time, and achievement level for each of them, and thereby analyze the strategies of thinking. Model of cognitive structure analysis was to present subject a specific task, instruct him to think aloud those ideas that came into his head during this solution, and analyze his cognitive structure on the base of his thinking-aloud. Finally, model of cognitive style analysis put more stress on tendency in thinking rather than ability in problem solving. In this regard, a alternative presented in this study was to analyze the strategies of thinking according to Baron's cognitive style model, in which process of thinking activity was devided into four phases : search of goal, search of possibility, search of evidence, and use of evidence. For each of them, the amount of time and effort that the indevidual invested and patterns of value that he grant would become criteria for judging the strategies that would become criteria for judging the strategies that he might use in the process of thinking activities for reasoning and problem solving. In result, this should correspond to measure biases on thinking. In general, main biases on thinking could be referred to insufficient search, search biased toward affirmative evidence, and oversensitivity to supporting evidence, which corresponded to compulsiveness vs. reflectiveness, dogmatism vs. open-mindedness, and authoritarianism, from a point of view on cognitive style, respectively. In the second part of this study, we examined the general principles of teaching thinking skills, based on human informations processing, and several training programs that have been developed with the purpose of improvement in thinking and reasoning skills. These programs were discussed into five categories: (1) cognitive operations approaches, (2) heuristics oriented approaches, (3) formal thinking approaches, (4) symbolic facility approaches, and (5) thinking-about-thinking approaches. Within these programs, the expansion of strategies and control of cognitive styles in reasoning and problem solving have become the main targets for improving of thinking skills. Therefore, this study was attempted to develop two training programs―referred to as Problem-Solving Training Program and Reasoning Skill Training Program respectively― for the purpose of improving these skills, and to test the effectiveness of these programs with college students. This study has shown the following facts : 1) It is necessary to teach the basic strategies for solving cognitive tasks of subject matters such as writing and mathematical problem for the purpose of improving thinking skills. 2) It is necessary to change the relatively general tendency in thinking process such as cognitive styles, in parallel with training of strategies. 3) Also, the training programs must consider indevidual defferences in activity parameters such as self-knowledge about problem solving, motivation, belief, etc. These facts seemed to imply the necessity of multi-dimensional approach to training the thinking skills.