한국 서해산 돌가자미, Kareius bicoloratus의 성 성숙

전제천,심두생,김용호,정의영 한국어류학회 2003 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

1998년 1월부터 12월까지 한국 서해안 충청남도 격렬비열도 해역에서 채집된 돌 가자미, Kareius bicoloratus를 대상으로 생식기구 연구를 위해 생식소중량지수(GSI), 비만도지수(CF), 간중량지수(HSI), 생식주기, 생식소 발달의 변화 등을 조직학적 방법에 의해 조사하였다. 생식소중량지수(GSI)의 월별변화는 암컷과 수컷에서 일장이 길고 고수온기인 7~8월을 지나 수온이 하강되고 일장 짧아지기 시작하는 9월부터 증가되기 시작하여 연중 일장이 가장 짧고 저수온기인 11~1월에 최대값을 보였다. 간중량지수(HSI)의 월별변화는 암컷에서 GSI의 증감의 변화에 유사하게 나타났다. 비만도는 성장기인 9월에 최대값을 나타내었고, 산란기에는 낮은 값을 보였다. 생식주기는 암컷의 경우, 성장전기(8월), 성장후기(8~10월), 성숙기(10~11월), 완숙 및 방란기(11~2월), 퇴화 및 휴지기(2월~7월)로 나눌 수 있었으며, 수컷의 경우는 성장기(8~10월), 성숙기(10~11월), 완숙 및 방정기(11~1월), 퇴화 및 휴지기(2~7월)로 구분할 수 있었다. 군성숙도 조사에서 5-% 이상 산란에 참여하는 크기는 암컷 전장 20~25㎝, 수컷 15.0~20.0㎝이었으며, 100%전 개체가 산란에 참여하는 크기는 암컷 30㎝ 이상, 수컷 20㎝ 이상으로 웅성선숙 현상이 나타났다. 암 ? 수 성비는 통계적으로 1 : 1이었으며, 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(ㅌ^(2) = 0.15, P>0.05). Gonadosomatic index (GSI), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), condition factor (CF), reproductive cycle, first sexual maturity, and sex ratio were investigated by histological study and morphometric data. Specimens of K. bicoloratus were collected from the coastal waters of Gyeongryelbiyeoldo, Chungnam Province, Korea, from January to December 1998. Monthly variation of the GSI in females and males began to increase between October and November when the ovary and testis were maturing, and their values reached the maximum between December and January, when spawning occurred during the winter season of shorter day length and low water temperature. Monthly variations of the HSI showed a negative correlation with those of the GSI. Condition factors in females and males were higher between October and November (mature stage), and their values sharply decreased after spawning. Monthly changes in condition factors closely correlated with the reproductive cycle. The reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages: in females, early growing (August), late growing (August to October), mature (October to November), ripe and spent (December to January), and recovery and resting stages (February to July); in males it can be classified into four successive stages: growing (August to October), mature (October to November), ripe and spent (November to January), and recovery and resting stages (February to July). Percentages of first sexual maturity in females and males were 50% at 20.0-25.0 ㎝ and 15.0-20.0 ㎝, respectively, and 100% at over 30.0 ㎝ and over 20.0 ㎝, respectively. The sex ratios of individuals were not statistically different from 1 : 1 (χ² = 1.64, p > 0.05).

基督敎的 휴우머니즘 : 李鍾桓의 短篇 小考

朴在泉 명지대학교 국어국문학과 1977 明知語文學 Vol.9 No.-

지난해 他界한 基督敎 作家인 巡步 李鍾桓의 단편 중에서 주목을 요하는 우수한 작품은 <파고다공원> <징소리> <제15병동> <생명들> <스코올>등 창작집 『제15병동(第十五病棟)』에 수록된 작품들과 <사도전서> <창황(蒼黃)> 등 기독교적 작품을 들 수 있다. 이들 주요작품을 대상으로 하여, 창작집 『제l5병동』에 나오는 단편과 <창황> <사도전서> 등을 고찰하기로 하는데, 크게 주제와 기법의 양면으로 나누어 검토하려 한다. 이종환의 작품을 관류(貫流)하는 큰 주제로 인도주의를 들 수 있는데 이 인도주의를 주창(主唱)하고 현현하는 방식은 작품에 따라 다양한 편차(偏差)를 보이고 있다. 그러나 이들 편차의 수렴점(收斂點)은 「인간해방」,「인격회복」에 있다. 이는 어느 작품에서든지 인간을 억압하고 인간성을 왜곡(歪曲)시키려 드는 온갖 장애를 초월하고 탈각해 버리려는 의식이 강하게 반영되어 있는데, 때로는 너무나도 노골적이고 생경한 채 표출되어서 격에 맞지 않고 어색하기조차 하며 심한 경우에는 병적인 노출증이나 사춘기적 방랑심리로 귀결되는 대목들도 많이 찾아볼 수 있다.

病院 地下空間內의 空氣中 微生物分布에 관한 硏究

박천제,배병훈,고경숙,김춘희,임경택 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and concentration of microorganism by the method of the air contamination using RCS air sampler in underground linac room of two general hospital located in Pusan. The places of air sampling were 4 different spot in two each hopital. Therefore, total 8 places were sampled from June 30, 1996 to May30, 1997. The results obtained were as follows 1. In a agar strip GK-A media for total count of microbial particles, it was estimated to be 76 CFU/ft^(3) in ICR room, and the consulting room was 53 CFU/ft^(3), lobby was XI CFU/ft^(3), linac room was 35 CFU/ft^(3), in the M hospital, respectively. The distribution of organism in the air of M hospital were shown gram positive cocci 72%, gram negative bacilli 15%, gram positive bacilli 6.1%, fungi 6.1%, respectively . On the other hand, in P hospital, it was obtained to be ICR room 74 CFU/ft^(3), lobby- 45 CFU/ft^(3), consulting room 34 CFU/ft^(3), linac room 31 CFU/ft^(3), respectively. The distribution and concentration of microorganism in the air were detected gram positive cocci 75%, fungi 10.3%, gram negative bacilli 8.7%, gram positive bacilli 6.0%. respectively. The results were recognized to be a low frequency in the linac room. 2. In agar strip S media for total counts of M hospital, ICR room was shown the highest organism with 32 CFU/ft^(3), but the lowest organism was detected linac room with 20 CFU/ft^(3). Also, the case of P hospital was estimated high 43 CFU/ft^(3) at ICR room, low organism was shown at linac 17 CFU/ft^(3) Test of coagulase were recognized to be a negative Staphylococci 68.3% in M hospital, 60.7% in P hospital. Coagulase positive cocci was estimated to be 31.7% in M hospital, 39.3% in P hospital. 3. In agar strip C media for coliform bacteria, colony counts at ICR room 10 CFU/ft^(3), consulting room 7 CFU/ft^(3), linac room 6 CFU/ft^(3), lobby 4 CFU/ft^(3) in M hospital, respectively. On the other hand, in P hospital were shown ICR room and main lobby 7 CFU/ft^(3), consulting room 5 CFU/ft^(3), linac room 4 CFU/ft^(3), respectively.

計測을 통한 흙막이構造物 安定性 檢討에 關한 硏究

정석영,박춘수,류제천 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Recently, many deep excavation have been practiced in constructing building or subways in urban areas to utilize more effectively underground space. In doing such underground excavations, information-oriented construction through the field measuring is getting more important not to give damages the next buildings and to practice in safety. The earth pressure, horizontal displacement, underground water table and so on are included in the item to make sure of safety through the field measuring. The empirical earth pressure come from the strut retention. But in recent days the two reasons have made the construction having been used through anchored retention why the width of earth retaining is so wide and here is a purpose to make use wider and wider the space of work. I come to make conclusions as follow to observe the safety of earth retaining structures with horizontal displacement and underground water table and to study lateral earth pressure of anchored retention earth retaining walls with load cells on the anchored retention sites.

PIEZOCONE을 利用한 軟弱地盤 分析에 關한 硏究

류제천,박춘수,정석영 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.2

In domestic research, standard penetration test and cone test have been used largely for the investigation of soft ground. But standard penetration test has been developed to apply to sand and its result is under the influence of experimenter's skill. The cone used so far has also experimental limitation in the point that penetration into stiff ground is difficult. Recently Piezocone is used world-wide for the investigation of soft ground. Piezocone makes it possible to get more acculate information upon ground because to add to the function of existing cone, it has that of measuring pore water pressure. In this thesis the result of this research is compared with that of laboratory test in the same area. In the result of study the coefficient of consolidation in the horizontal direction of investigation area is ?? and the mean of the cone factor is 15. There is little difference in the soil classification between by Piezocone test and by existing tests. If Piezocone is continuously studied, revised and amended to be suitable for domestic condition, more correct and pre cise research on soft ground will be possible.

서해산 돌가자미 Kareius bicoloratus의 초기발생시 수온과 염분의 영향

전제천,김치홍,정의영,이창훈,김병균 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 돌 가자미(Kareius bicoloratus)의 난발생에 미치는 수온과 염분의 영향을 알아보지 위하여 수행되었다. 5단계의 수온 조건 (7, 10, 13, 16 및 19℃) 및 5단계의 염분 조건(25, 30, 35, 40psu 및 현장해수 염분 : 33.6psu)에서 수정란을 발생시켜 발생 속도와 부화율 측정하였다. 수정란의 발생속도는 수온이 높을수록 빨랐으며, 수온(T: ℃)과 각 발생 단계별 소요시간(h:hour) 사이의 관계를 직선 함수에 회귀시켰을 때 각 발생단계별 관계식은 다음과 같다. 8세포기 : 1/h = 0.01441T - 0.02728(r^(2) = 0.998) 낭배기 : 1/h = 0.00269T - 0.00319(r^(2) = 0.997) 안포형성기 : 1/h = 0.00171T - 0.00053(r^(2) = 0.998) 심장형성기 : 1/h = 0.00121T - 0.00018(r^(2) = 0.995) 부화기 : 1/h = 0.00101T - 0.00266)(r^(2) = 0.998) 이상의 관계식으로부터 추정된 돌 가자미의 난 발생이 개시되는 생물학적 영도는 1.3℃이었다. 8세포기, 낭배기, 안포형성기. 심장형성기 및 부화기까지의 적산수온은 각각 72.9, 356.7, 525.8, 735.2 및 1156.7℃로 계산되었다. 수온은 부화율에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 부화율이 수온이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 7℃일 때 부화율이 62.0%로 가장 높았다. 수온이 16℃ 이상일 때 기형어의 출현율이 증가하였다(p<0.05). 염분 또는 부화율에 큰 영향을 미치고 있었다(p<0.001). 염분에 따른 부화율은 자연해수의 염분인 33.6psu에서 54.1%로 가장 높았고, 이보다 낮거나 높은 경우에는 부화율이 감소하였다. 특히, 염분이 30psu 미만으로 감소할 경우 기형어의 출현율 증가하였다(p<0.04). 돌 가자미의 난 발생 및 정상적인 부화를 위한 조건은 산란시기의 수온과 염분에 가까울수로고 좋은 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to determine the influences of water temperature and salinity on the embryonic development of the stone flounder, Kareius bicoloratus as a part of research on the artificial seedling production of the fish. Embryos were incubated under five different temperatures (7, 10, 13, 16 and 19℃) and five different salinities (25, 30, 35, 40 psu and the ambient salinity: 33.6 psu) until they hatched. The required times for embryonic development decreased with increase of water temperature. The relationships between the water temperature (T: ℃) and required times (h: hour) for the embryo to attain each develop-mental stage were obtained by linear regressions as follows; 8-cell stage : l/h = 0.01441T-0.02728 (r² = 0.998) 50%-epiboly stage : Uh = 0.00269T-0.00319 (r² = 0.997) Optic vesicle formation stage : l/h = 0.00171T-0.00053 (r² = 0.998) Heart formation stage : l/h = 0.00121T-0.00018 (r² = 0.995) Hatching stage : l/h = 0.00101T-0.00266 (r²= 0.998) From these equations, the biological minimum temperature for embryonic development of K. bicoloratus was estimated to be 1.3℃. Cumulative water temperatures to reach 8-cell stage, 50%-epiboly stage, optic vesicle formation stage, hearth formation stage, and hatching stage were 72.9, 356.7, 525.8, 735.2, and 1,156.7℃, respectively. Water temperature affected significantly the hatching rate (p< 0.001). The hatching rate decreased with increase of water temperature. The highest hatching rate was 62.0% at 7℃. When the water temperature was higher than 16℃, the proportion of abnormal larvae increased (p < 0.05). Salinity also affected significantly the hatching rate (p< 0.001). The highest hatching rate was 54.1% at the salinity (33.6 psu) of ambient seawater. When the salinity was lower than 30 psu, the proportion of abnormal larvae increased ip < 0.05).

農學의 變化趨勢와 이에 對應한 農科大學의 發展方案

蔡濟天 단국대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

The future agriculture is expected to emphasize the importance of high quality and high-technology, safety of agricultural products than yield quantity and land culture technology. And also the role of agriculture is expected to emphasize the importance of conservation function of environments including air, water and soils. The severe competition between food-producing areas is expected to occur, so the characterization of agriculture is important to secure international and inter-regional competition ability. Therefore, our agricultural college have to implicates these current of the times of agricultural sciences. It is necessary to renew the aim of agricultural education, improve the curriculum including introduction of applied bio-production concept, develope the bio- and natural-resources, introduce the low input sustainable agriculture and preservation of environments. It is desirable to introduce unified lecture, interdisciplinary research contribution to regional society. It is desirable too to change the name of agricultural college and departments for promotion of future development.

模型 試驗을 통한 補强型深刑基礎의 擧動特性 分析

유윤종,류제천,임희대 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.18 No.2

In this study, 1/8 model tests were carried out to understand the properties of the deep foundation and reinforced deep foundation. Also, carried out tests, divided into weathered rock and soft rock. The results of this study are summarized as follows; When piles is reinforced, reinforcing effect of soft rock is 1l-l2% and weathered rock is 233%. In the side load tests of weathered rock, reinforced effect was 223%. From the comparative study, the reinforced piles have enough reinforcing effect. Though some difference existed by foundations, reinforcing effect is reliable. Therefore reinforced deep foundation is profitable in the configuration of the earth.

鋼管多段 Grouting 工法의 Tunnel 補强效果에 關한 硏究

박진원,류체천,김송만,박춘수 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.16 No.1

When Umbrella Arch Method is applied in construction of the first Ok-chon tunnel which have soft ground zone or fractured zone, the result as finite element analysis method, the PENTAGON-2D, is following. 1)There is little effect in bottom displacement due to side wall reinforcement, but side wall displacement decrease 50%. 2)Before reinforced by Umbrella Arch Method, rockbolt axial stress is 16 ton which exceed allowed axial stress, however after reinforced, that is about 5.5ton in up and down path, therefore rockbolt axial stress after reinforced is safe. 3)In shotcrete, compression stress decrease average 65% and shearing force and bending moment is decrease more than average 65%. hence shotcrete has great effect on ground reinforcement in side wall. 4)Umbrella Arch Method was proven as assistant method in fractured zone, but in long term stability, judging the fact that bottom displacement is slightly great, the tunnel invert is continued. Or bottom must be reinforced with reinforced with reference to field measurement data in excavation.

忠淸南道地方의 栽培作物 變遷에 關한 硏究

李正行,蔡濟天,具千書 단국대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This work was conducted to investigate the changes in cultivated crops during past 20years in central region of Korea. The results were summarized as follows; In 1960's, 91∼92% of arable land was planted for cereal food crops, 4.5∼5.5% for vegetables and 2.4∼4.3% for potatoes, respectively. In 1980's, however, the acreage of cereal food crops was decreased dramatically, on the contrally, the acreage of vegetables and industrial crops were increased considerably. The acreage of barley, wheat, millet, soybean, azuki bean and sweet potato were reduced greatly, whereas rice was increased everywhere, and such cash crops as white potato, sesame, tobacco, vegetables and fruit trees were increased at most of the area during past 20years.