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The European Stability Pact and Feedback Policy Effects
Creel, Je'ro^me 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2002 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.17 No.3
With a two-country dynamic model in a monetary union with wealth private behaviors, we study the implications of public debt on monetary and fiscal policies. The model used has Keynesian features in the short run and Wicksellian ones in the long run. We analyse the effects of asymmetric fiscal policies in Euroland and show that such a situation creates two feedback effects which reduce the efficiency of economic policues. First, because of the inability of one government to implement an expansionary fiscal policy, the other government has to substitute for it to reach economic targets. Second, the ECB's involvement in macroeconomic stabilisation will be exacerbated. the more substantial these effects, the more coordination is needed between European governments and the ECB.
기술수준에 따른 태권도 돌려차기 기술의 협응과 제어형태 비교
신제민,김로빈 한국운동역학회 1999 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.1
The early studies of kicking skills in Taekwondo were simple two dimensional kinematic skills. But the later studies focused on three dimensional kinetic skills. These studies have acquired a lot of data concerned with kicking skills. These studies tended to investigate patterns of movement with comparison of between-skill or in-skill. The studies of movement patterns could systematically explain in motor controls which was focused on a mechanism of a skilled motor behavior. This study analyzed a pattern of Doelyochagi movement by 3D cinematograph and approached the movement as function of skill level in the view of motor control. The researcher selected six novices and six experts, and analyzed the change of coordination and control patterns with kinematic data. While the coordination variables were qualitatively analyzed by angle to angle graphs, control variables were qualitatively analyzed by angles. And the control variables were divided into the spatial and temporal factors which were consisted of the positive and negative maximal values, and timing the positive and negative maximal values. The researcher used t-test in order to find significant differences between two groups among the control variables. As the results of analyzing the coordination variables, the angle to angle graphs of expert group showed clearly to be froze between two joints in the flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, and showed to be released in the internal/external rotation during the third phase. Angles as control variables revealed significant differences in the flexion/extension while there no differences in the other two planes in the hip joint. But all of planes on the knee joint showed significant differences between two groups. As indicated by analyses of angles, the segments of experts tended to be frozen in the flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, and to be released in the internal/external rotation during the third phase.
김승재,김로빈,신제민 한국운동역학회 1998 한국운동역학회지 Vol.8 No.2
The studies on Taekwondo kicking techniques have not been practical to apply to the teaching or coaching fields because they merely focused on the kicking leg and didn't define sufficiently overall motion patterns. The main reason for this is that there has been no useful method to describe complex Taekwondo kicking techniques such as Cardan angle which is effective to represent joint motion due to the production of three independent rotations about three independent axis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to kinematically define the joint and segment motion by using Cardan angle during Dolgae-chagi(360 ˚ turning kick), Dwi-huryeochagi(backward thrashing kick) , and Dwi-chagi(back kick) in order to provide practical information for the Taekwondo teaching field. Six male elite Taekwondo players with the height of 177±5.6 cm and the weight 72.2±7.6 Kg were filmed using three-dimensional cinematography during Dolgae-chagi, Dwi-huryeochagi and Dwi-chagi. The joint and segment motion of the three Teakwondo kicking techniques was represented with Cardan angle calculated by the normal vector analysis. With Cardan angle the joint and segment motions of the three Taekwondo kicking techniques are defined as the following table.
魯斗鉉,沈在燮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1971 煙草硏究 Vol.1 No.-
This study was carried out for the purpose of forecasting and prevention the tobacco brown spot disease. The numbers of spore disporsal flying around the fields A, B and C were counted every day from June to August in 1968. The disease development was investigated from the one of the three fields during the above similar period. The meterological data was observed by the Cheongju, Meterological station. The results obtained are as fallow The spore dispersion curvets of the three tobacco fields have shown similar tendency each other. The highest peak of spore dispersal which was appeared before the occurence of the disease has shown in the middle of June in the case of korea. Several other peaks were found later during the occurence period of the disease. The spore dispersion curves seemed to he related with differences in temperatures and the precipitations. The occurence of this disease started to appear in the fields later the early of July and was closely related with the mean temperatures at 25℃. The older tobacco leaves grew and the upper the leaves grew up, the more the disease development increased. The virulent period of this disease was reached the peak at the latest harvesting stage of the leaf tobacco around the last of August.
Ethylene - induced β - 1,3 - glucanase of soybean leaves : purification and characterization
Ro Dong Park,Kap Soon Kim,Choon Myong Lee,Moo Je Cho 한국응용생명화학회 1991 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.34 No.4
β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39), a potential pathogenesis-related protein, was induced 3-fold in leaves after treatment o 40-day-old soybean plants with 10㎚/㎖ ethylene for 30 hr. The enzyme was extracted in 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 5.0), and then purified by heat treatment, (HN₄)₂SO₄ precipitatiio, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. β-1,3-glucanase was enriched 8.3-fold with a yield of 8.4%. The purified enzyme gave a single band on SDS-PAGE, and its apparent molecular weight was 33 KD. The enzyme showed optimum pH 5.0 and broad pH stability, and showed optimum temperature of 50℃ and thermal stability below 60℃. Km and Vmax of the enzyme were 50 ㎎/㎖ and 67 nmole Glu/min, respectively, for larminarin as a sustrate. β-1,3-glucanase was significantly inhibited by 10 mM Cu^(++), Hg^(++), or Ph^(++). Supported by PMBBRC, Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, Korea.
Ro Dong Park,Kap Soon Kim,Moo Je Cho 생화학분자생물학회 1992 BMB Reports Vol.25 No.7
β-1,3-Glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39), a potential pathogenesis-related protein, was purified from soybean leaves. The enzyme was induced 7-fold in leaves after treatment of 40-day-old soybean plants with 10 n㏖/ℓ ethylene for 30 h. The enzyme was extracted from ethylene-treated soybean leaves in 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 5.0), and then purified in order by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAF-Sephadex A-50, CM-cellulose, and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Two types of β-1,3-glucanase, basic and acidic, were discriminated by DEAF-Sephadex chromatography, and only basic β-1,3-glucanase was purified further. The basic β-1,3-glucanase was purified 10-fold with a yield of 10.3%. The purified enzyme gave a single band on SDS-PAGE, and its apparent molecular weight was 33 KD. The enzyme showed optimum pH of 5.5 and broad pH stability, and showed optimum temperature 50℃ and thermal stability below 50℃. K_m and V_max values of the enzyme were 5 ㎎/㎖ and 67 n㏖ glucose equivalent/min, respectively, for laminarin as a substrate. β-1,3-Glucanase was significantly inhibited by 10 mM Cu^(2+), Hg^(2+), and Pb^(2+).
광역도시화에 따른 일상대도시체계의 성장 : 광주광역시를 중심으로 the case of Kwangju Methropolitan Area
노경수,류제권 광주대학교 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.14 No.-
중심도시를 기준으로 주변지역의 교외화와 관련된 기존의 문헌에서는 교외지역의 개념, 교외화의 형성배경, 교외화 현상의 접근방법, 교외지역의 모형과 특성 등의 내용이 중점적으로 논의되었다. 본 논문의 연구목적인 주변지역을 설정하기 위해 문헌분석을 통한 해석과 계량분석을 통한 해석으로 광주시 주변지역에서 현재 진행되고 있는 광역도시화 현상을 상당히 밝혀 냈다. 광주시의 주변지역에서는 도시적 산업 특히 제조업체의 입지에 의해 취업기회가 확대되고, 중심도시에 비해 저렴한 주택지가가 형성되어 있으며, 주변지역까지의 대중교통수단이 확충됨에 따라 주민들의 기동성이 확대되고 있다. 광역화 관련변수에 대한 요인분석을 행한 결과, 중심도시의 주변지역에서는 주택도시화 패턴과 교외공업화 패턴, 근교농업화 패턴, 공간연계화 패턴 등의 4개 요인패턴이 확인되었다. 결과적으로 중심도시에 대한 영향권의 범위는 주변지역에서 접근이 용이한 반경 25Km권이며, 지역간 간선도로망의 연계가 잘 되어있는 지역에 국한되어 나타났다. In the existing literatures related to suburbanizing the outskirts, there arose emphasized discussions about the concept of the outskirts, the background of formation of suburbanizing and the approach method of suburbanizing phenomena and the model and characteristics of the outskirts on the basis of the kingpin town. This study has considerably clarified the phenomena of the widening areas that are in progress in the vicinity of Kwangju City now by the literature analysis and the quantitative analysis for establishing the outskirts, the purpose of this study. In the vicinity of kwangju City, the opportunity of employment is enlargning by the location of the rural industries, specially the manufacturing companies. And it forms low price of house compared with the kingpin town. Also the inhabitant's mobility is enlarging according to the expansion of means of public transportation to the outskirts. As a result of executing the analysis of elements about the variables related to widening area, four element patterns, the housing urbanizing pattern, outskirts industrialized patterns, suburbs farming patterns and space connecting patterns are checked in the outskirts of the kingpin town. After all, the influence range about the kingpin town is in the 25Km radius area that can be easily approached from the outskirt and it shows that it is confined to the area with good connection with the principal road network between the regions.