코로나19 위기와 데이터 국가: 한국의 데이터 국가와 보건위기 거버넌스

장훈 ( Jang¸ Hoon ) 한국의회발전연구회 2020 의정연구 Vol.26 No.3

코로나 위기의 세계적 확산 이후에, 한국의 성공적인 방역과정에 대한 사회과학적 관심이 안팎으로 크게 고조되었다. 특히 한국의 국가와 시민의 역할에 대한 사회과학적 논의는 특별한 관심의 대상으로 떠올랐다. 그러나 이 논문은 한국의 성공적 방역에 대한 기존 논의들이 한국의 국가의 강한 개입과 동원역량, 그리고 순응적 시민들의 역할에 초점을 맞추는 과정에서 모호한 개념 설정과 부적절한 방법론상의 한계를 드러내었다고 본다. 강한 국가라는 개념은 모호한 것이며, 순응적 시민이라는 관념은 한국의 지난 수십 년간의 현실 및 실제와도 일치하지 않는다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구에서 우리는 한국 국가의 방역 역량은 데이터 자본주의 시대의 데이터 국가로서의 역량 발휘라는 관점으로 이해할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 첫째, 코로나19의 확산을 통제하는 데에 있어서 국가는 방대한 디지털 데이터의 추출, 종합, 적용의 과정을 주도하는 주도자였지만 데이터 국가의 역량은 법률적인 기반과 매뉴얼에 입각한 방역주도, 그리고 민간부문과의 협력을 통해서 발휘되었다. 이를 통해서 한국 데이터 국가의 방역은 투명성과 민간 협력이라는 개방적 성격을 발휘하였다. 둘째, 이러한 데이터 국가의 주도적 역량은 코로나 보건위기에 대한 갑작스러운 대응이라기보다는 30년의 역사를 통해서 한국 사회의 디지털 역량, 산업부문의 디지털 역량을 기획, 주도하고 설계해온 한국 국가성격의 진화 과정에 따른 것이다. 셋째, 하지만 데이터 국가와 시민들의 관계를 살펴보면, 국가 주도의 압출 거버넌스 모델에 가깝다. 국가 방역정책의 반응성은 높지만, 위기 국면에서 개인의 인권, 자유, 방역의 균형점에 대한 사회적 합의 형성은 충분치 않다. 이를 위한 폭넓은 사회적 담론은 충분치 않으며 따라서 이를 통한 시민들의 공동체 연대의식의 형성 역시 부족하다. Amid global pandemic of covid-19, Korean government’s response has drawn wide attention among social scientists as well as medical studies. The role of Korean state and civil society has attracted particular attention among others. Yet, this paper criticizes extant studies on Korean case which focus on the extensive intervention of the strong state and subjective attitude of Korean citizens in coping with covid-19. The concept of the strong state lacks social scientific specification and subjective citizens do not match with Korean realities. This article argues that Korean state’s capacity in collecting and mobilizing digital data may offer better understanding for the successful responses to the pandemic. First, Korean state is the ultimate coordinator in collecting, analyzing and applying big data about the expansion of covid-19 with its huge network of dataveillance. Also, such role has been largely based upon relevant legal framework and well prepared manuals and cooperation with civic actors and companies. In other words, Korean digital dataveillance had demonstrated its transparency and cooperative governance. Second, such dataveillance capacity has deep roots in the long-term development of Korean state’s big data management. Korean state has evolved about thirty years while enhancing digital data network within governments, companies and private sectors. Third, the relationship between Korean state’s dataveillance and civil society can be characterized as a state centered push model. This model demonstrates highly effective governmental responses to covid-19 crisis but fall short of building social consensus in balancing individual freedom, human rights and effective containment policies. It means communitarian solidarity among citizens has not been a major factor in Korea’s successful response yet.

FA/MA 방법에 의한 부산시 부유분진의 오염원 할당

정장표, 이승훈, 윤항묵 경성대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏報 Vol.10 No.1

The object of this study was to identify source categories of Busan area through FA/MA methodology which contribute to the concentration of suspended particles at receptor. According to the purpose of this study, twenty-seven chemical species such as elements, anions, and total carbon of chirty-six PM10 and TSP data sets sampled at Bumchun receptor site for a 24hr period from May to Aug. 1992, were analyzed and applied to FA/MA model. From this study, the following conclusions were obtained. From the factor analysis for measured data, steel, mill-related, transportation, soil dust resuspension, marine, fuel oil, secondary aerosol source, and etc., of which total variance explained by the identified factors was calculated as 84 ∼ 91%, were identified. And the trend was shown that the more the number of input trace materials was, the more difficult the identifications of factors were, relatively. Selecting the representive tracers for identified factors based on the factor loadings, the following equations were obtained by use of stepwise method in multiple linear regression for the cases. TSP(㎍/㎥) = 27.996+0.033Mg +0.016Cl-+0.O05SO42 Case 1 TSP(㎍/㎥) = 11.779 + 2.013Ti + 0.034Na + 0.026Mg + 0.006ca Case 2 PM10(㎍/㎥) = 3.130+0.O04 SO42 +0.010 Cl- + 1.812Ti Case 1 PM10(㎍/㎥) = -14.028+1.515Ti +0.D38Na + 0.O09 Cl- + 0.003 SO42- Case 2 In comparison with the results of FA/MR model with the change of the newly added input tracers, the case with TSP showed relatively unstable results of factor analysis for the case studies because of insufficient number of data available to complete a factor analysis for the tracers used.

品種改良 油菜油의 水素添加에 따른 理化學的 變化에 관한 硏究

張文連,高英秀 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1990 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.9

This experiment was performed to study physical and chemical changes of rapeseed oil. The condition used for hydrogenation was 0.02% nickel catalyst under H2 pressure 3.5 kg/cm2 and temperature 180℃. Four rapeseed oils were Yeongsan, Naehan, Halla and Asahi. Physicochemical changes of the hydrogenated rapeseed oil were examined by measuring iodine value, refractive index, melting point, fatty acid composition and trans -isomers. The results of experiment are as belows : 1.As compared with the changes of fatty acid between the rapeseed oil with low erucic acid and native rapeseed oil, it was shown the changes in erucic acid contents of erucic acid were 2% in rapeseed oil with low erucic acid and 40% in native rapeseed oil. Contents of oleic acid were 60% in rapeseed oil with low erucic acid and about 20% in native rapeseed oil. 2.IV and RI of the above oils were gradually decreased in going on hydrogenation, however, there were little differences between rapeseed oil with low erucic acid and native rapeseed oil. 3.Rapeseed oil with low erucic acid was approached to the desirable MP within two hours, but native rapeseed oil was not. 4.Trans-isomers of rapeseed oil with low erucic acid were shown 25% or so that of native rapeseed oil, 40% above. The results of experiment suggest that it is desirable to make a study of decreasing trans acid of hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

植物凝集素 Celosia argentea L. 의 免疫血淸學的 性狀에 關한 硏究

張訓梓 大韓法醫學會 1989 대한법의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Extracts of ground seeds of Korean Celosia argentea L. were prepared in the usual manner, thereafter the agglutination tests with washed red blood cells and whole blood wee carried out. As a result, author demonstrated that washed red blood cells were markedly agglutinated by C. argentea L. extract, while whole blood was agglutinated in a small number. In the first experiment on a series of 291 blood specimen, washed red blood cells were agglutinated 278 (95.53%), failed 13 (4.47%), while the whole blood was agglutinated 8 (2.75%), failed 283 (97.25%). Since such differences in reactivity were observed, agglutination inhibition test of Celosia extracts by human serum was performed and revealed that by the all sera of 12 of agglutination positive with whole blood, the agglutination of C. argentea L. extracts were completely inhibited, however 429 sera of agglutination negative with whole blood revealed that 414 (96.5%) was inhibitor and 15 (3.5%) was non-inhibitor.

현대건축에 있어서 脫定型的 공간구성의 多義的 표현에 관한 연구

장훈익,김영태 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

This study is about ex-formal types of spatial composition. There are five types of various space expression of contemporary architecture with concept of ex-formal. They are dynamic form composition through plasticity of concrete, disposal spatial composition by geometric collision and geometric superimposion, deconstruction formal composition through form dismantle, ex-cubic spatial composition through folding and free formal composition by digital technology. Also, there are some elements express ex-formality spatial composition for each type. To begin with, they are plasticity, totality and dynamism in dynamic form composition through plasticity of concrete, they are interpenetration, dispersibility in the second type, temporality, fragment, destruction in the third type and obliquity, inclination, bending in the fourth type. Finally, they are fluidity, nonlinearity, plasticity, organic character, continuity in free formal composition by digital technology. Therefore, this study aims to help understand tendency of various space expression in contemporary architecture through searching how to express type of ex-formal spatial composition and polysemous expression character in building since 1960's.

植物凝集素 Dolichos lablab L.로 分類된 사람 血淸型에 관한 硏究

張訓梓,文國鎭 고려대학교 의과대학 1988 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Since the introduction of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) by Stillmark in 1898, PHA contributed to modicolegal field with new classification of blood types by their agglutination activities to human red blood cells and some of them have been used as lectins instead of antisera. Recently there were reported human serum types classified by their inhibition properties to agglutination reaction of panphytagglutinins with various red blood cells. To classify the serological relationships of human serum types classified by their agglutination activities to cat and rabbit red blood cells, and by their agglutination inhibition properties to D. lablab extract with cat and rabbit red blood cells, agglutination test and agglutination inhibition test with 1409 human sera were carried out. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. Human sera were classfied by their agglutination activities to cat red blood cells, and all rabbit red blood cells were agglutinated by human sera. 2. Human sera were also classified by their agglutination inhibition properties to D. lablab extract with cat and rabbit red blood cells and no serological relationship were demonstrated between them. 3. There were serological relationships between the human serum types classified by their agglutination activities and by their agglutination inhibition properties mentioned. 4. Human sera could be classified into 8 types by combination of their agglutination activities and by their agglutination inhibition properties to D. lablab extract with cat and rabbit red blood cells.

韓國 職業 訓鍊 制度의 改善 方案

張勳相 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1999 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.22 No.1

고강도 콘크리트 기둥부재의 횡보강효과 산정에 관한 연구

장일영,박훈규,송재호 金烏工科大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

High-strength concrete represents a rather recent development in concrete materials technology. In recent years, a considerable amount of research work has been carried out on the mechanical and structural properties of high-strength concrete. However, there has been little research on the behavior of hight-strength concrete columns laterally reinforced with square ties and subjected to compressive loading. With the addition of transverse reinforcement which lead to triaxial compressive state, ductility behavior of high-strength column member shall be increased. In this study, rational quality and quantity evaluations were made to investigate the ultimate strength and strain ductility by confinement effect of tie reinforced hight-strength concrete columns subject to uniaxial loads. Concrete failure theory at the triaxial compressive state and statistical results based on conventional experimental data were applied for this propose. Up to 185 columns, tested under monotonically increasing concentric loading, were evaluated in terms of strength and strain ductility. Analytical results show that confinement stress, maximum compressive strength, and increase of strain equations were developed with the consideration of concrete strength, yield strength, spacing, volumetric ratio, and configurations of tie reinforcement.

알레르기 피부 반응 검사시 판독 시간에 따른 팽진의 크기 변화

박장규,윤소영,이웅재,서기범,이증훈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.2

There have been several positive criteria for skin prick test, which has been most commonly used in the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Among them, comparing wheal size induced by allergen to that induced by histamine is logical for criteria of skin prick test positivity. We measured the wheal sizes induced by histamine and various causative allergens with five minutes interval, from 5 minutes to 40 minutes, and compared of the time which the wheal size of both reached at peak. The followings were the summary of the findings. 1. Maximal sizes of wheals induced by histamine reached at 12 minutes in average. 2. Maximal sizes of wheals induced by allergens reached at 15 minutes in average. 3. There was no statistical difference between the time of maximal size of wheal induced by histamine and causative allergen.

스트림 암호 시스템에서의 ZS 알고리듬 비교

이훈재,장익훈 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.1(B)

Among zero-suppression (AS) algorithms proposed for synchronous stream cipher system, ZS-1 has the difficulty on the implementation of the stream cipher system, ZS-2 has a weakness of channel error propagation, and ZS-3 has the complexity on the hardware. Because each algorithm must be chosen carefully to the application system, in this paper, we propose a criterion of the system adapted from the simulated results on the parameter changed.