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Janet Dilling,Ralph Brower,Judith Cuadra,Malaika Samples 위기관리 이론과 실천 2014 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.4 No.1
Informal, marginal settlements in the developing world are not only increasing but worsening in the face of overpopulation, economic instability and unprecedented climate variance. In the Philippines, cities are powerful magnets for rural populations lacking local opportunities and who seek to achieve prosperity for their immediate and future generations. These centers of “possibilities” however fail to provide basic needs and services for increasing numbers of internal immigrants. UN Habitat reports that as of 2012, at least 63% of the 92 million Filipinos live in urban centers such as Metro Manila, or what is officially called the National Capital Region (NCR). An estimated 3.1 million of them lack secure land tenure and 2.7 are informal settlers living in slums (Karaos, Nicolas, Rabacal et al, 2012). The Philippines, like many island countries, suffers from land deficit; housing is not only difficult but economically unfeasible for the urban poor. Thus, the urban poor are unconsciously driven to areas otherwise unsuitable for housing. These danger zones are prone to flooding, seismic activity and landslides. Living in these areas exposes informal settlers to a vicious repeat cycle of destruction and loss of life. What is the source of a community’s resistance to relocate in the face of continuing risk? Some studies suggest that the place that we call home is not just a point in a geographical setting. Communities develop shared values and shared identity with place (Hewitt, K 1997). The Filipino government is currently on a crusade to address this problem by planning to relocate the individuals at high risk; they have certainly found opposition from the settlers. But, what are the specific factors that impede successful relocation? In this study we attempt to answer this question by looking at the cultural, social, economic, political factors and interactive dynamics that influence the way people decide where to live. The findings presented in this paper correspond to field work in the Rizal Province and its Municipality of San Mateo, more specifically concerning those living in Barangay Banaba. Hopefully the collection and analysis of such data could contribute towards a better understanding of the individual at risk, formulation of more effective disaster reduction strategies, and greater discussion of the situation and needs of these communities.
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Regulatory Importance to Florida, USA
Janete A. Brito 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04
Since 1956 the state of Florida has been implementing Nematology regulatory programs to protect high value crops such as Citrus spp and ornamental plants. The discovery of Radopholus similis, which causes a severe disease called “spreading decline” of citrus, during the 1950s, prompted the state to develop and implement strict phytosanitary and regulatory measures, including quarantine and a citrus nursery certification program to avoid further dissemination of the nematode. This also included two other major citrus pathogens, Pratylenchus coffeae and Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Also, ornamental and other plant nurseries certification programs were implemented to promote the export of plants to both national and international markets. These markets have restrictions against the movement of R. similis and other plant-parasitic nematodes that occur in Florida. Other plant-parasitic nematodes present in Florida, not regulated internally but regulated by other states and countries include Rotylenchulus reniformis and Belonolaimus longicaudatus. Regarding root-knot nematodes occurring in Florida, only Meloidogyne enterolobii is of regulatory concern because its ability to overcome the resistance of Mi-1, N, Rk, Tabasco and in omato, bell pepper, cowpea, sweet pepper and soybean, respectively, as well as other unidentified genes in soybean cultivars. The identification of M. enterolobii using morphological and morphometric characters, molecular markers, such as isozyme phenotypes (esterase and malate dehydrogenase) and mtDNA (C2F3/1108 primer set) will be discussed.
Central limit theorem for the variable bandwidth kernel density estimators
Janet Nakarmi,Hailin Sang 한국통계학회 2018 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.47 No.2
In this paper we study the ideal variable bandwidth kernel density estimator introduced by McKay (1993a, b) and Jones et al. (1994) and the plug-in practical version of the variable bandwidth kernel estimator with two sequences of bandwidths as in Giné and Sang (2013). Based on the bias and variance analysis of the ideal and plug-in variable bandwidth kernel density estimators, we study the central limit theorems for each of them. The simulation study confirms the central limit theorem and demonstrates the advantage of the plug-in variable bandwidth kernel method over the classical kernel method.
FEMALE DESIRE, ILLNESS, AND METAMORPHOSIS IN ‘LOVESICK SNAKE’ NARRATIVES IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY KOREA
JANET YOON-SUN LEE 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2015 Acta Koreana Vol.18 No.2
During the seventeenth century, a surge in fictional stories ushered in an era of romance in Korean literature, and lovesickness became a topical motif. The prototype of the lovesick figure is detected in oral stories dealing with the lovesick snake (sangsa paem) in which a lovesick woman undergoes metamorphosis into a snake. This icon of the lovesick snake has endured and persisted in written and oral traditions. This research undertakes a careful investigation of this metaphor and its meanings in various textual and cultural contexts and further explores the complex relationship of the politics of female desire, death, and metamorphosis in diverse discourses. This study reveals how the grotesque, repulsive image of serpentine transformation creates a focus on horror, alienation, and victimhood in the representation of female lovesickness. Finally, con-structs of the lovesick snake are assessed and reconsidered to expose the relationship between popular discourse and written works, uncovering a literary tendency in androcentric writing practices to associate female lovesickness with sexual and erotic illness.