콘트롤 로딩 시스템의 강인한 힘 제어기 설계

나병철,황재혁 한국 항공대학교 항공산업기술연구소 1999 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

본 논문에서는 DC모터를 이용하여 실제 항공기에서 발생하는 조종반발력을 시뮬레이터의 조종간이나 페달에 실시간으로 구현시켜주는 힘 제어기법에 대해 연구하였다. 시뮬레이터의 각 조종축은 독립적으로 조종력을 구현할 수 있으므로, 본 논문에서는 피칭축 1축에 대해서만 힘 발생장치의 동특성을 고찰하였다. 실제로 역동역학을 이용한 제어기는 실시간으로 계산하는 과정에서 오차가 발생하고, 플랜트의 모델링 오차가 존재하므로 이런 부분에 강인한 힘 제어기를 설계하게 되었다. 힘 제어기는 슬라이딩 모드 제어기법으로 이용하여 파라메타 불확실성과 외란에 강인한 제어기와 콘트롤 로더의 명령추종 성능 향상과 안정성에 대한 강인성을 향상시키기 위해 앞먹임 제어기와 비례적분형 피드백 제어기로 구성되어 있다. 봅 연구에서 설계된 제어기는 명령추종 성능이 우수하고, 모델링 오차에 대해 강인한 특성을 갖고 있음을 수치해석을 통해 확인할 수 있다. In this thesis, a Robust force controller which provides the same wheel forces or pedal forces in real time to the student pilot in a flight simulator as those occurred during real flight has been suggested. Since the control force of each axis of simulator can be implemented independently, dynamic characteristics for only pitching axis in this study is analyzed. The novel force controller is designed using sliding mode control that is insensitive to the variation of force generating system parameters and/or external disturbances and updates the control forces appropriately in real time. The force controller consists of two parts. First part is designed to be insensitive to the effect of parameter uncertainty using sliding mode control and Second part is to improve the command following ability and robustness of system stability. It has been found by a series of simulation that the force controller suggested in this study has excellent command following ability and robustness to parameter errors

혈관 내 폐보조장치에서의 압력손실 예측

박재관,김성종,이삼철,정경락 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this study was making a equation to predict relationship between pressure drop and frontal area in 40% glycerol solution at 37 ℃. Before using whole blood, we estimated pressure drop with experimental equation, and compared the results with experimental results. Also, we tried to make module design that contained the maximum number of hollow fiber membranes in 3㎝diameter tube. We have observed pressure drop of 40% glycerol solution flow rate in each modules that have been changed by the number of the hollow fibers, and studied about the equation related between flow rate and pressure drop, friction factor and Reynolds number. The results showed that the pressure drop which was calculated with the various frontal area was similar to the pressure drop of using the equation obtained from the experimental. Also, the maximum number of hollow fiber is 675, which can be inserted in 3㎝diameter tube when the out side of diameter was 380㎛. It satisfied pressure drop(<15㎜Hg).

0.8μm CMOS 표준 셀 라이브러리의 설계와 검증

이재철,이충훈,오용호 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.2

0.8㎛ CMOS 공정 기술을 사용하여 셀 라이브러리를 개발하고 성능을 평가하였다. 셀 라이브러리는 150여 개의 기본 리프 셀(leaf cell)과 이들의 상호 연결만 기록한 마크로 기능(macro function) 블럭으로 구성하였다. 셀 라이브러리의 성능을 측정하고 논리 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하기 위하여 평가 칩을 설계하여 제작하였다. 셀 배치 및 배선 프로그램으로 설계한 마크로 기능(82C37)칩을 실제 제작하여 시뮬레이션 모델의 정확성을 측정하고 라이브러리의 신뢰도를 평가하였다. We developed a standard cell library using 0.8㎛ CMOS process technology and evaluated the performance of the library. The library is consisted of 150 basic leaf cells and the macro functions which have the connection information of leaf cells. Also, we designed and produced a performance chip to evaluate the cell library and to develop a logic simulation model. Finally, we designed and macro function chip with a cell placement and routing program to measure the accuracy of the simulation model and the reliability of the library.

구조적 시뮬레이션 기법을 활용한 효율적인 논리 시뮬레이터

이재철 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.2

회로의 설계 구조 자체를 인식하여 추출하는 회로 처리기와 이를 사용한 계층적(Hierarchical)논리 시뮬레이터를 갤럭시 CAD 환경위에 개발하였다. 이 경우 여러 번 사용되는 모듈의 연결 구조는 중복하여 추출할 필요 없이 노드의 전압 등 각 모듈 고유의 회로 변수만 새로 할당하여 사용할 수 있으므로 시뮬레이션 자료가 작아지며 각 시뮬레이션 단계 별로 Turnaround Time이 작아지는 등의 장점이 있다. We developed a hierarchical logic simulator that recognizes the structural information of a digital design and extracts it accordingly. We extracted connectivity information and signal values of each nodes separately. Same modules used at different instances share the connectivity information but are allocated separate signal values. Since a VLSI implemented in the Mead―Conway style has blocks reused in many different places, we could save a lot of memory requirement and the simulation overhead was minimal. Also, reduction of simulation turnaround time is expected.

효율적인 디지털 회로 설계를 위한 논리 시뮬레이션 환경

이재철 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1995 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.1

디지털 회로의 개발은 대개 개념 개발, 논리 동작 확인, 설계 확인이라는 세 단계를 거치게 된다. 각 설계단계별로 독특한 설계 자동화 도구가 필요하다. 이러한 요구 사항을 충족시킬 수 있는 다양한 사용자 환경을 개발하였다. 카툰 시뮬레이터는 개념 개발 단계에서 매우 효과적으로 사용된다. 논리 확인 작업에는 텍스트 입출력 도구가 많은 양의 시뮬레이션 벡터를 처리하는데 효율적이다. 입출력 파형 편집기는 설계 확인 단계에서 사용자가 쉽게 파형을 바꾸면서 결과를 즉각 확인할 수 있으므로 매우 편리하다, 이러한 도구들은 논리회로 편집기와 논리 시뮬레이터와 굳게, 또 효율적으로 결합되어 있으므로 빠른 디지털 시스템의 개발과 확인을 가능하게 한다. A digital circuit is usually developed in three steps: concept development, logic verification and design verification. Each design step requires its own CAD environment. A CAD system which provides multiple user interfaces is developed to provide the most efficient user interface at each design step. A cartoon simulator proves to be the most efficient tool for the concept development. For the logic verification, a text based tool is developed to support fast processing of simulation vectors. A user-friendly interactive waveform editor provides an intuitive user interface at the design verification stage. These tools are integrated with a schematic editor and a logic simulator very tightly and efficiently, which enables fast digital system design and verification.

무코스타정(레바미피드 100mg)에 대한 레바미드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,오인준,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.4

Rebamipide is a novel anti-gastric ulcer agent that has been reported to increase the synthesis of mucus, to increase the mucosal concentration of prostaglandin, and to promote rapid ulcer healing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rebamipide tablets, Mucosta^TM (Otsuka Korea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Rebamide^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The rebamipide release from the two rebamipide tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Twenty normal male volunteers, 24.20±2.26 years in age and 66.19±9.41 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 100 mg of rebamipide was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of rebamipide in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two rebamipide tablets were very similar at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Mucosta^TM were -2.57%, 5.77% and -1.47%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 12.62% and 17.63% for AUC_t and C_max respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.05, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were above 99.00% and 88.56%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within 20% (e.g., -9.96∼4.82 and -4.54∼16.09 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Rebamide^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Mucosta^TM tablet.

GIS와 RS를 이용한 전철역의 영향권 분석

양인태,김재철,천기선,박재국 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 産業技術硏究 Vol.23 No.A

Population concentration phenomenon of city needs large-scale nde, and It is important elements that develop the circumference but, it is difficult to evaluate effects that ride gets land utilization change. Therefore, this research evaluates change and effect of land utilization as political to subway station that is main ride of Seoul City, and chose standard and position for night place arrangement of electric railway station. Research contents analyzed subway station effect area interior and external land utilization change taking advantage of GIs's buffer function and RS's classification technique, and decide precedence at subway station establishment and chose position of subway station for effect area outside area.

그란닥신 정(토피소팜 50 mg)에 대한 토핌 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,허수희,임동구,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Tofisopam is a new type of tranquilizer valuable for the relief of anxiety and tension in a wide range of emotional disorders. Tofisopam has the therapeutic characteristics of a minor tranquilzer and a mild stimulatory effect. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two tofisopam tablets, Grandaxin^TM (Hwan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Tofim^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 23.11±2.83 years in age and 65.43±7.64㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 x 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 50㎎ of tofisopam was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of tofisopam in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Grandaxin^TM were -5.59%, 2.22% and -13.18%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.10 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 14.95% and 19.34% for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.10, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were 95.21% and 81.93%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -15.64∼4.45 and -10.77∼-15.21 for AUC_t, and C_max, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Tofim^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Grandaxin^TM tablet.

조선업 근로자의 족부백선 유병률 및 관련 요인

서호석,유철인,이충렬,이지호,김양호,이원신,최지호,성경제,고재경,문기찬 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.4

목적: 울산지역에 소재한 대규모 조선업종 근로자 1,419명을 대상으로 족부백선의 유병률을 조사하고 족부백선의 유병률에 미치는 요인을 조사하여 족부백선의 작업관련성을 알고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방법: 근로자 건강진단시 족부백선의 유뮤를 확인하고, 현재 족부백선의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 여러 요인들과 작업, 환경적인 요인들에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하고, 족부백선의 임상적인 양상을 관찰하였다. 결과: 조사결과 족부백선의 유병률은 54.8%로 높게 나타났으며, 직종과 공동목욕탕 이용 유무, 안전화 착용유무, 작업형태, 가족력 유무가 족부백선이 유병률에 영향을 미치는 위험인자로 나타났으나, 다변량 분석결과 가족력과 공동목욕탕 이용만이 통계적으로 유의한 위험인자로 나타났으며(P<0.05), 안전화 착용은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 이상의 결과에서 사업장내 근로자들의 족부백선의 높은 유병률과 관련된 직접적인 요인은 사업장내의 공동 목욕탕의 이용 여부와 족부백선의 가족력임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 많은 근로자들이 원인으로 지목한 안전화의 착용은 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 따라서 족부백선이 작업과 직접적으로 관련되었다는 근거는 적은 것으로 보인다. 하지만 일반인보다 높은 유병률을 보이는 것으로 확인된 사업장내 족부백선의 유병률을 감소시키기 위해서는 위험인자로 최종 확인된 작업장 내의 공동 목욕탕의 철저한 위생관리와 함께 가족간의 감염을 예방히기 위한 개인위생관리가 필요하면, 비록 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나 여러 근로자들이 원인으로 지목한 안전화의 개선에도 노력해야 할 것으로 생각한다. Objectives: Recently, tinea pedis has been reprted to be a type of occupational dermatoses because of its high prevalence in specific working conditions. Although there is no doubt that the environment surrounding work places, the usual habits of workers erc ate intimately related to this skin conditions, there is some controversu as to whether or not this condition is a real occupational illness and what is the exact cause of the high prevalence of this illness is. In this study, the prevalence of tinea pedis in workers from the shipbuilding industry was investigated andthe risk factors of this disease were evaluated. This study also aimed to verify whether or not tinea pedis is one of the occupational diseases. Methods: The result of interviews, questionnaires and clinical findings from 1,419 workers who visited the occupational health center for an annual routine check for their health state were analyzed. Results: Among the 1,419 workers, 778 workers (54.8%)had tinea pedis. By simple logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of tinea pedis was found to e affected by some variables, including the jov category, the types of work, the kinds of footwear, whether or not they were using communal baths in the work places, and a family history of tinea pedis. In contrast, by multiple logistic regression analysis, only utilization of the communal baths in the work places and a family history of tinea pedis turned out to be statistically significant risk facrors. Conclusions: In this study, the major factors contributing to the high prevalence of tinea pedis are the use of communal baths in the workplace and a positive family history. However, the wearing of safety shoes was not statistically significant. Therefore, tinea pedis could not be confirmed to be an occupational disease. On the basis of these results, a solution to the environmental hygiene of communal bats and the personal hugiene of individuals needs to be improved in order to prevent tinea pedis.

그란닥신 정(토피소팜 50mg)에 대한 토핌 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,허수희,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.2

Tofisopam is a new type of tranquilizer valuable for the relief of anxiety and tension in a wide range of emotional disorders. Tofisopam has the therapeutic characteristics of a minor tranquilzer and a mild stimulatory effect. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two tofisopam tablets, Grandaxin^TM (Hwan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Tofim^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 23.11±2.83 years in age and 65.43±7.64 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 50 mg of tofisopam was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of tofisopam in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Grandaxin^TM were -5.59%, 2.22% and -13.18%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.10 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 14.95% and 19.34% for AUC_t and C_max respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.10, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were 95.21% and 81.93%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -15.64∼4.45 and -10.77∼15.21 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Tofim^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Grandaxin^TM tablet.