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Jaejun Choi,Ryeonghyeon Kim,Junseock Koh 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.7
Multivalent macromolecular interactions underlie dynamic regulation of diverse biological processes in ever-changing cellular states. These interactions often involve binding of multiple proteins to a linear lattice including intrinsically disordered proteins and the chromosomal DNA with many repeating recognition motifs. Quantitative understanding of such multivalent interactions on a linear lattice is crucial for exploring their unique regulatory potentials in the cellular processes. In this review, the distinctive molecular features of the linear lattice system are first discussed with a particular focus on the overlapping nature of potential protein binding sites within a lattice. Then, we introduce two general quantitative frameworks, combinatorial and conditional probability models, dealing with the overlap problem and relating the binding parameters to the experimentally measurable properties of the linear lattice-protein interactions. To this end, we present two specific examples where the quantitative models have been applied and further extended to provide biological insights into specific cellular processes. In the first case, the conditional probability model was extended to highlight the significant impact of nonspecific binding of transcription factors to the chromosomal DNA on gene-specific transcriptional activities. The second case presents the recently developed combinatorial models to unravel the complex organization of target protein binding sites within an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of a nucleoporin. In particular, these models have suggested a unique function of IDRs as a molecular switch coupling distinct cellular processes. The quantitative models reviewed here are envisioned to further advance for dissection and functional studies of more complex systems including phase-separated biomolecular condensates.
The Subject Condition and Determinacy
Jaejun Kim,Myung-Kwan Park 한국중원언어학회 2022 언어학연구 Vol.- No.62
This paper investigates the role of Determinacy within the framework of MERGE as a structure-building operation. A newly conceived notion of MERGE applies to the workspace (WS) that contains syntactic objects. According to Chomsky et al. (2019), MERGE must conform to seven desiderata to efficiently constrain the current derivation. Among the seven desiderata, Determinacy is included as one of them which essentially limits the number of accessible elements into one in a WS. Goto & Ishii (2019a, 2019b), on the other hand, argue that doing away with minimal search, the PIC & TRANSFER alone can account for extraction phenomena. However, concentrating on the subject condition (Chomsky, 1973), this paper is in keeping with Chomsky et al. (2019) that minimal search is in need in accounting for its effect. When the element XP that is to be extracted is base-generated with a head, thereby constituting the set: [{head, XP}], minimal search immediately looks to that specific element XP as a procedure of identifying a syntactic object.
Jaejun Lee,Taeyun Kim,Hyun Yang,Si Hyun Bae 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.2
Background/Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major concern in Korea since its emergence as a dominant cause of chronic liver disease. However, no study has explored its prevalence in adults under 30 years of age. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in Korean men in their early 20s. Methods: We collected data of 596,359 Korean soldiers who participated in a health examination between January 2015 and July 2021. A total of 571,872 individuals were analyzed after excluding those with missing data and hepatitis B antigen positivity. Hepatic steatosis was determined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Participants with HSI >36 were considered to have NAFLD. Results: All participants were men, and the mean age was 20.9±1.3 years. Of the 571,872 participants screened, 77,020 (13.47%) were classified as having NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD consistently increased from 2015 to 2021 (10.66% vs. 16.44%, P<0.001). Increases from 2015 to 2021 were also noted in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension (P<0.001 for all). The mean body mass index also increased from 23.3±3.0 kg/m2 to 23.9±3.1 kg/m2 between 2015 and 2021 (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD and of other metabolic dysfunctions in Korean men in their early 20s increased from 2015 to 2021.
Tailoring Shockwave Using Mechanoresponsive Materials
Jaejun Lee(이재준) 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.1
Shockwaves that are characterized by high pressure and strain rate with extremely short duration about nanoseconds cause blast-induced traumatic brain injury sustained by personnel exposed to shockwave-generating high-energy explosives. To protect the personnel novel approaches for shockwave energy dissipation (SWED) are in demand as conventional armor systems designed for ballistic protection do not provide sufficient mitigation. Recent works proposed that material-based energy absorbing strategies can be promising for effective SWED due to the tunable response time and high energy conversion/storage capability. Here, we present the research that seeks to develop approaches for efficient SWED in soft matters designed based on the availability of shock responsive chemical and physical reactions. Importantly, the shock-responsive materials can be exploited in other practical applications, including the measurement of adhesion strength and 2D surface patterning.
Doing without Edge Features: A Labeling Approach
Jaejun Kim,Myung-Kwan Park 한국언어학회 2021 언어 Vol.46 No.3
This paper deduces the peculiar aspects of adjunct clause control and parasitic gap formation from the Labeling Algorithm (Chomsky, 2013), coupled with chain composition (Chomsky, 1986), without resorting to edge features. In English and Brazilian Portuguese, adjunct clauses show language-particular behaviors concerning the control of their empty subjects, depending on whether the movement of a matrix wh-object takes place or not. In addition, parasitic gap constructions display well-known cross-clausal movement or merging of the two independent chains in the matrix and the adjunct clauses. This paper argues that when the matrix clause and the adjunct clause vPs are merged, they must be in a parallel state in terms of labeling before feeding chain composition between the two distinct chains in the vPs. Specifically, provided that Merge generates the labeling-wise parallel {unlabeled phrase, unlabeled phrase} or {labeled phrase, labeled phrase} configuration at one point of derivation, the two distinct chains involved within them can form a unified single chain. By establishing a precondition for the formation of chain composition in this way, the derivational steps of the movement involved in adjunct clause empty subject control and parasitic gap constructions can be properly constrained.
Jaejun Lee,Moon Ji Hyun,Jee Sung Chul,이호재 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.2
We discuss the robust sampled-data dynamic output-feedback controller design problem for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems subject to parametric uncertainties and L∞ disturbances. The descriptor redundancy-based methods are proposed, and their main features are: (i) sampled-data syntheses are performed in a continuous-time domain; (ii) discrete-time modeling of sampled-data systems, which is adversely aff ected by uncertainties in LTI plant dynamics, is not required; (iii) linear matrix inequality conditions are presented for asymptotic stability and L∞ – l∞ disturbance attenuation.