도달하지 않는 죽음의 이미지 - 미시마 유키오의 『가면의 고백』에서 나르시시즘과 자기혐오를 중심으로 -

이재준 ( Lee¸ Jae-joon ) 한국영상미디어협회 예술과미디어학회 2021 예술과 미디어 Vol.20 No.2

본 논문은 미시마 유키오의 소설 『가면의 고백』(假面の告白, 1949)에서 동성애자로 성장해가는 한 인간의 이야기를 나르시시즘과 자기혐오라는 양극적인 힘들의 충돌 효과로 해석한다. 프로이트 이래로 동성애에 대한 전형적인 설명은 나르시시즘적인 신경증의 문제에 국한되어 다루어진 면이 있다. 그런데 나르시시즘의 자기보존 욕동은 항상 파괴적인 욕동과 함께 작동하며, 동성애적인 나르시시즘의 양상에서도 반대극의 리비도적 힘들이 작동한다. 이 힘들의 길항적 관계가 동성애를 내적이고 고정된 정체성 대신에 가변적인 정체화로서 바라볼 수 있게 한다. 요컨대 그것은 동성애자-되기이다. 『가면의 고백』은 이러한 ‘되기’를 양극의 욕동이 실현되는 과정에서 보여주는 작품이다. 미시마는 지그문트 프로이트의 레오나르도 다빈치의 동성애 분석과 유사한 구성을 구축한다. 아버지의 부재, 그리고 두 어머니(낳은 어머니와 기른 어머니)의 존재가 그것이다. 다만 이 소설에서 두 어머니(할머니와 어머니)의 관계는 다빈치의 경우와 다르다. 주인공 ‘나’에게 두 어머니는 원만하지 않다. 이것이 어린 주인공의 동성애 경향과 함께 자기혐오를 자극하는 동력이 된다. 미시마가 제시한 죽음의 이미지는 나르시시즘적인 욕동이 추동하는 자기 혐오적이고 파괴적 힘들의 상징으로서 기능하며, 주인공에게 강박적으로 반복된다. 그에게 죽음의 이미지가 가장 명료하게 제시된 것이 귀도 레니의 1616년경 작품에서 묘사된 성 세바스티아누스이다. 성 바스티아누스는 주인공 ‘나’가 동일시한 이상적 자아이고 거울 이미지이다. 작품은 겨드랑이와 옆구리에 화살이 박힌 건장한 남성의 생생한 몸을 표현한다. 여기서 생명은 죽음과 동시적이다. 그런데 주인공이 성애하는 것은 세바스티아누스의 조화로운 몸이 아니다. 그는 조각난 몸, 즉 상처난 겨드랑이와 옆구리에 몰두한다. 그리고 작품 속에서 자기혐오의 흔적인 이 부분대상은 억압적인 사회 규범에 균열을 만들 미학-정치적인 힘으로 암시된다. 마지막으로 미시마 유키오는 성 세바스티나누스 이미지를 디오니소스 신화를 통해 재해석함으로써 죽음의 이미지에 부활과 희생의 의미를 부여한다. 『가면의 고백』에서 그 죽음은 도달하지 않는 죽음이 된다. The article interprets the story of a man growing up as a homosexual in Yukio Mishima's novel Confession of Mask(1949) as the conflictual effect of the bipolar forces of narcissism and self-disgust. Since Freud, the typical explanation of homosexuality has been limited to the problem of narcissistic neurosis. The drives of narcissism for self-preservation always operates with destructive drives, and even in the aspect of homosexual narcissism the libidinal forces of the opposed pole operate. The competitive relationship of these forces allows us to look at homosexuality as a variable identification instead of an inner and fixed identity. Shortly speak, it is the becoming-the homosexual. Confessions of Mask is a work that shows ‘this becoming’ in the realization of the bipolar drives. Mishima constructs a similar composition to Sigmund Freud's analysis of Leonardo da Vinci's homosexuality in his work: the absence of a father and the existence of two mothers (his biological mother and adoptive mother). In this novel, however, the relationship of the two mothers (his grandmother and mother) is different from that of da Vinci. The two mothers are not amicable to the protagonist 'I'. This becomes the driving forces that stimulates his self-disgust within the homosexual tendency of the young protagonist. The image of death presented by Mishima functions as a symbol of the self-disgusting and destructive forces driven by narcissistic drives, and is obsessively repeated to the protagonist. The most clearly presented image of death is Saint Sebastian, Guido Reni’s painting work produced around 1616. St. Sebastian is his ideal self and the mirror image that the protagonist ‘I’ identifies. The work expresses the vivid body of a robust man with arrows in his armpit and side. Here, his life is simultaneous with his death. And it is not Sebastian's harmonious body that the protagonist loves. His fragmented body, that is, St. Sebastian’s wounded armpit and side itself absobs him. And theses part objects, which is a trace of self-disgust in the work, is implied as an aesthetic-political force that will create a fissure in oppressive social norms.

Biochemical and Biodiversity Insights into Heavy Metal Ion-Responsive Transcription Regulators for Synthetic Biological Heavy Metal Sensors

( Jaejoon Jung ),( Sang Jun Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.10

To adapt to environmental changes and to maintain cellular homeostasis, microorganisms adjust the intracellular concentrations of biochemical compounds, including metal ions; these are essential for the catalytic function of many enzymes in cells, but excessive amounts of essential metals and heavy metals cause cellular damage. Metal-responsive transcriptional regulators play pivotal roles in metal uptake, pumping out, sequestration, and oxidation or reduction to a less toxic status via regulating the expression of the detoxification-related genes. The sensory and regulatory functions of the metalloregulators have made them as attractive biological parts for synthetic biology, and the exceptional sensitivity and selectivity of metalloregulators toward metal ions have been used in heavy metal biosensors to cope with prevalent heavy metal contamination. Due to their importance, substantial efforts have been made to characterize heavy metal-responsive transcriptional regulators and to develop heavy metal-sensing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the biochemical data for the two major metalloregulator families, SmtB/ArsR and MerR, to describe their metal-binding sites, specific chelating chemistry, and conformational changes. Based on our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms, previously developed metal biosensors are examined to point out their limitations, such as high background noise and a lack of well-characterized biological parts. We discuss several strategies to improve the functionality of the metal biosensors, such as reducing the background noise and amplifying the output signal. From the perspective of making heavy metal biosensors, we suggest that the characterization of novel metalloregulators and the fabrication of exquisitely designed genetic circuits will be required.

High Moisture Extrusion Processing Technology for Meat Alternatives with Vegetable Protein Sources

Jaejoon Han 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

CONTROL OF PITCH ANGLES TO OPTIMIZE THE AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE WIND FARM

Jaejoon Lee,Eunkuk Son,Byungho Hwang,Soogab Lee 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 AFORE Vol.2011 No.-

Development of surface coating technology for highperformance packaging films using an industrial manufacturing facility

Jaejoon Han,Min A Park 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

식품의 생물학적 위해요소인 해충과 유해균 및 부패균을 제어하기 위해 실제 포장필름 생산 공정 설비를 이용하여 방충 및 항균 기능성을 갖는 식품용 다층 포장필름을 제조하였다. 우선, 효과적인 활성 물질의 스크리닝 과정을 통해 식품의 대표적 해충인 화랑곡나방 유충(Plodia interpunctella)에 대해 기피력을 나타내는 팔각회향 에센셜 오일과, 황색포도상구균(Staphylococcus aureus) 및 페니실리움(Penicillium roqueforti)에 대해 항균력을 갖는 티몰(thymol)을 필름내 혼입할 활성 물질로 선정하였다. 선정된 활성 물질을 혼입한 폴리우레탄계 코팅액을 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 12 μm 필름 표면에 코팅하였으며, 방충용 필름은 polypropylene (PP) 30 μm을, 항균용 필름은 low-density polyethylene (LDPE) 30 μm을 적층하여 다층필름의 구조로 제조하였다. Large-scale 생산 공정 설비를 통해 제조된 필름을 활용하여 유충에 대한 기피 효과와 항균력을 측정하였으며, 대조군 필름은 유충에 대한 기피력 및 항균 효과를 보이지 않은 반면, 개발된 방충 및 항균 필름은 화랑곡나방 유충과 두 가지 균에 대해 각각 뛰어난 기피력과 항균 효과를 보였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 식품 포장소재의 대량생산에 활용 가능한 표면 코팅 기술을 개발하고 그 방충효과 및 항균 효과를 입증함으로써 식품 중 생물학적 위해요소의 저감화를 위한 식품 포장 신소재 개발에 기여할 것이다.

Development of Textured Vegetable Proteins and Meat Alternatives Using Plant-Based Materials

Jaejoon Han 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Plant-based meat alternatives are expected to increase in consumption and sales each year, as they have become a sustainable solution to the environmental problems of the meat industry. Amongst many types of alternative meats, plant-based products are most often manufactured through extrusion cooking for the production of textured vegetable proteins (TVPs), using raw materials such as soy or pea protein isolates and gluten. Low moisture extrusion cooking produces hard, brittle, and porous TVPs which require hydration before use. Low moisture TVPs are often used to recreate comminuted meat products such as burger patties. The role of an effective binder is important when making patties from TVPs, which do not possess the adhesive qualities of animal myoproteins. During the developmental process, cooking loss, texture, and flavor of meatless burger patties are also evaluated to compare their properties with products made from real meat. On the contrary, high moisture extrusion cooking requires a cooling die, which immediately cools extrudates that leave the die and produces TVPs with a fibrous structure. Unlike their counterparts, the anisotropy of high moisture TVPs is assessed through cutting strength evaluation. The presence of fibers in the TVP provides more opportunities for high moisture TVPs to resemble whole muscle meat products.

Development of surface coating technology for high-performance packaging films using an industrial manufacturing facility

Jaejoon Han,Min A Park 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

A STUDY FOR THE ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF GREEN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT POLICY IN KOREA

Jaejoon KIM 한국신재생에너지학회 2018 AFORE Vol.2018 No.8

Population Aging in Korea: Importance of Elderly Workers

JAEJOON LEE Korea Development Institute 2023 KDI Journal of Economic Policy (KDI JEP) Vol.45 No.2

Korea's population is aging at a faster pace than any other major country, and the adverse impact of this trend on the economy is predicted to be significant. This paper focuses on the macroeconomic effects of population aging with particular attention paid to the pace of aging in Korea. According to our analysis, it is difficult to offset the decline in the labor supply driven by rapid population aging, even if the labor force participation rate of the working-age population rises to a significantly high level. We suggest a re-orientation of policy directions to correspond to the behavioral changes of economic agents. Policies must focus on promoting labor force participation among the elderly while pushing towards human capital advancement and higher productivity.

Plant-Based Meat Analogues Prepared by Extrusion Technology

Jaejoon Han(한재준) 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10