Metallurgical Process for Total Recovery of All Constituent Metals from Copper Anode Slimes: A Review of Established Technologies and Current Progress

Jae‑chun Lee,Kurniawan Kurniawan,Kyeong Woo Chung,Sookyung Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Copper anode slimes, the by-product of the copper electrorefining process, have been the subject of extensive investigationfor recovering precious metals viz., Au, Ag, Pt and Pd, in addition to being the main source of rare/energy-critical elementssuch as Se and Te. There have been various approaches aiming at the development of extraction processes involving thermaland aqueous approaches and their combination. In this paper, the literature relating to the treatments of copper anode slimeis compiled to present the underlying concept for the total recovery of all valuable metals from anode slimes. The industrialand proposed scenarios gathered from various sources show that the basis of applying different streams essentially dependson the concentration of copper and selenium in the slimes. Copper anode slime processing has a history of being in a developmentperiod, though at times showing overlaps. The discussion of each metallurgical process is basically explained bythermodynamic analysis using suitable software as well as fundamentals of the chemistry. Recent progress is highlightedand compared to the established technologies with regard to environmental impact and economic consideration/feasibility. This discussion is followed by the construction of a conceptual flowsheet on the progress currently made. It is expected thatfurther work regarding metal recovery from copper anode slimes would objectively shorten the number of stages for thepretreatment as well as metal separation from leach solutions.

麗末三隱에 對한 考察

李在春 우리말글학회 2000 우리말 글 Vol.19 No.-

I have raised an issue on the identity of the three leading scholars and writers at the end of the Koryo Dynasty and examined the requirements and qualifications of the Sam-Eun. The Sam-Eun of the end of the Koryo Dynasty is the honorable eulogy for three scholars and writers-Mok-Eun Saek Lee, Po-Eun Mongju Jeong, and Do-Eun SungIn Lee-Who were excellent in the three fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty at end of the Koryo Dynasty. So far we have not reached an agreement about the identity of the Sam-Eun : One view of this issue has argued that the abovementioned three scholars are the members of the Sam-Eun, but another view has contended that Ya-Eun Jae Gil, instead of Do-Eun SungIn Lee, is one of the Sam-Eun. However, it is well known that Ya-Eun Jae Gil was unable to compete with above three scholars in the fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty, was not as high as the abovementioned three scholars in the government post, and was much younger than the abovementioned three scholars. Accordingly I believe that the latter view was misled by both the fact that the disciples and followers of Ya-Eun Jae Gil established the Sarim-Pa(Confucians school)in the Sam-Eun-Gak(three hermits tower) located in Dong-Hak-Sa Temple Kyung-Sang-Do Region in the Chosun Dynasty, and the epitaph of which is not so much reliable. It is since the end of Koryo Dynasty that Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun have been named as the members of the Sam-Eun. The book named as Po-Eun-Jae-Gi(Po-Eun's house record) writed by Saek Lee in 1379 is discussing only three eminent scholars, I,e., Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun, among many scholars who had Eun as their pennames. Thus, I think these three scholars have been verbally called as the Sam-Eun by the public since around 1379. However, the name of Sam-Eun was shown in writing for the first time in the collection of works of Dun-Chon Jip Lee. In this collection, there is a paragraph that the poetry and prose of Sam-Eun, I,e., Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-eun have been published while those of Dun-Chon have not been published. In the appendix of the collection, furthermore, Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun were specifically named as the members of Sam-Eun who are famous for the poetry and knowledge in those days, and Ya-Eun was named merely as a member of nine preeminence. With these materials, we can understand that Ya-eun cannot be compared with the members of Sam-Eun in any fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty. Therefore, I believe that only Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun who are exceptional in the fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty, and died for Koryo Dynasty can be designated as the members of Sam-Eun. Although Jae Gil became famous by the efforts of his disciples and followers in the later days, he cannot be substituted as a member of the Sam-Eun, and should be recognized only as a member of so-called 'Sam-Eun of Dong-HAK-Sa Temple' who are enshrined in the Sam-Eun-Gak of the Dong-Hak-Sa Temple.

조상과 후손의 만남에 대한 동서양 다원적 패러다임 연구 -주자의 감응이론과 칼융의 동시성이론을 중심으로-

박재갑 ( Jae-gahb Park ),고재석 ( Jae-suk Go ),전철 ( Chul Chun ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2016 儒學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

우리 주위에서 인과관계를 알지 못하는 현상들을 드물지 않게 접한다. 이러한 현상들은 사실이 아니라고 보기보다는 어떠한 중요한 사실을 아직 알지 못하였기 때문에 이해가 안 되는 것이 아닌지 반문하게 한다. 이 글에서 근거로 삼은 자료는 논문의 공동필자인 박재갑 교수 집안에서 일어난 두 가지 사건이다. 첫째는 박재갑 교수의 15대 조상으로 1545년에 돌아가신 필재 박광우의 시신을 이장하는 날 밤, 사촌 형인 박재학의 꿈에 필재 할아버지가 나타나 자신이 소장하였던 방울을 찾아오라는 말을 듣고, 이후 파주에 가서 방울을 소장하고 있던 사람에게 방울을 찾아온 사건이다. 둘째는 박재갑 교수의 부친이 돌아가신 날 이모의 출가한 딸 꿈에 박재갑 교수의 부친이 금시계를 가지고 나타나신 꿈을 꾸었다. 이모의 딸은 이모부가 돌아가신 줄도 모르고 있었고 더욱이 이모부의 아들 부부가 금시계를 사갖고 온 것을 알 수가 없었는데, 금시계와 관련된 꿈을 꾼 일련의 사건이다. 과학을 주류 패러다임으로 삼고 있는 현대문명에서 보면, 신비롭고 기이한 현상은 그저우리가 확인하지 못하는 일상이나 정신현상의 일부일 수도 있다. 그런데 주자(朱熹,1130~1200)의 감응이론과 칼 구스타프 융(Carl Gustav Jung, 1875~1961)의 동시성이론은 인과관계를 알 수 없는 현상들에 대해 각기 다른 해석을 내놓는다. 인과관계를 알 수 없는 현상은 제한적 합리성의 완고한 세계관 자체가 균열되는 사건이며, 동시에 우리의 삶이 이해의 영역을 넘어선 광대한 현실에서 펼쳐지는 사건임을 말해준다. 실로 미지의 우주, 그리고 삶과 죽음에 대한 다원적 패러다임의 폭넓은 수용과 진지한 대화가 더 요청되는 시대이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 조상과 후손의 만남, 감응, 현현의 사례를 성리학의 감응이론과 칼 구스타프 융의 동시성이론의 관점에서 조명하고자 한다. We frequently witness phenomena which occur around us, not revealing the causal relationship. We can ask ourselves whether such phenomena are hard to understand not because they are not true facts but because they are beyond our understanding. The reference data for such a phenomenon in this article are the two events that had occurred in the family of Professor Jae-Gahb Park, one of the co-authors of this article. Firstly, on the eve of the night when his fifteenth-generation ancestor’s grave was to be moved, his ancestor appeared in his consin’s dream, telling him to go and find the bell that his ancestor had cherished. Accordingly, his father and relatives went to Paju county, where his ancestor’s grave is located, to remove the grave to another place. In the process, his father told the participants what his consin had dreamt of including a grave keeper who had kept the bell after reburial. The grave keeper returned it to his father after hearing from him. Secondly, On the day when Professor Park’s father died, his father appeared in the dream of his maternal aunt’s married daughter, carrying a gold watch with him. She was not aware that Professor Park’s father was dead. Furthermore, Neither did she know that Professor Park‘s old brother and his wife in America had bought the gold watch for his father. These two cases are representative examples of ancestors’ revelation through dream. According to the modern civilization which regards sciences as its mainstream paradigm, such mystical and arcane phenomena are just a part of mental phenomena that we cannot verify with our knowledge. However, there are two scholars presenting different explanations about the phenomena of which the causal relationship is not understood yet: Carl Gustav Jung (1875~1961)’s phenomenon of synchronicity and Zhu Xi (朱熹, 1130~1200)’s theory of correlation. A phenomenon whose causal relationship is not understood yet is an event in which the obstinate outlook of the restrictive rationality breaks off, and at the same time our life spreads into the vast realm transcending our understanding. We are living in an era when more discussions on the unknown universe and pluralistic paradigms on the questions about life and death need to be made. In this regard, Gustav Jung’s concept of Synchronicity and Neo-Confucian theory of correlation is instrumental in overcoming the phenomenon and case in which the causality breaks off.

Estradiol에 의한 흰쥐-자궁의 수축 기능과 Polyamine 대사의 변동에 관한 연구

이명아,고재홍,이영재,신경호,전보권,천연숙 고려대학교 의과대학 1995 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.32 No.3

The polyamines have been postulated to be essential in most processes associated with both hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The effects of estrogen on uterine contractility vary with animal species, and most reports have shown that in vitro contractility of rat uterus is decreased after estrogen treatment, but estrogen increases polyamine contents in castrated rat uterus. This study was carried out to investigate whether the regulation of polyamine metabolism may be instrumental in the contractile response of castrated nonpregnant uterus of female SD rats to electrical field stimulation (40 V, 100 μsec : EFS). Estradiol (E2) increased uterine contents of putrescine (PT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM). These E2 effects were inhibited by tamoxifen or DFMO, but E2-incuced increase of uterine SPM content was enhanced by aminoguanidine. E2 decreased the amplitude of force developed in the rhythmic spontaneous contraction of rat uterus, but it exaggerated the increase of uterine contraction force in response to EFS. The E2-dependent exaggeration was inhibited by tamoxifen, DFMO, or indomethacin, but was significantly enhanced by aminoguanidine. The synergism between E2 and aminoguanidine on uterine contractility was little affected by indomethacin. These results suggest that E2-dependent increase of uterine contractility may be ascribed partly to increase of uterus polyamines.

완경사 방정식의 확장에 관한 연구

천제호,김재중 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 2003 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

In this study, Mild slope equation, which has a good ability to calculate the wave transformation is extended to the rapidly varying topography and nonlinear water waves using Hamilton's principle. And these extended equations are solved numerically using the finite-difference method. It is verified, compared to the result of hydraulic experiment. A good agreement between the numerical results and the hydraulic experiments is shown.

日本에 있어서의 會計諸法規의 改正과 制度會計의 動向

全在紋 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1984 經營經濟 Vol.17 No.1

The Accounting Standards with regard to disclosure, allowance, and capital reserve had been amended from June 1981 through September 1982 in Japan. What were the content and the background of the amendment? And how has the legal financial accounting in Japan changed? The author tries to elucidate such problems giving his mind to the comparison with accounting practice in Republic of Korea. The author maintains that the amendment is the result of the research of applied accounting theory. He also maintains, however, that more effort ought to be concentrated on the research of fundamental accounting theory, especially meta accounting theory, in order to discover the specific for the accounting problems.

洋蘭生長點 培養에 關한 硏究 : (Ⅲ) 生長調節物質이 Cymbidium의 生育에 미치는 影響 (Ⅲ) Effect of plant growth regulators to proliferation of protocorm and growth of mericlone in several varieties of Cymbidium

全在璂,鄭載東 慶北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25-26 No.-

This experiment was carried out in order to stimulate propagation of mericlone and protocorm to use recommended varieties of Cymbidium. These results obtained were summarized as follows. It was noted that a sort and a suitable concentration of growth regulators was different between varieties or characters within the same variety. IAA 1.0ppm effected to growth of mericlone and NAA 1.0ppm, to proliferation of protocorm in Cym. elcapitan. IBA 15.0ppm was good at growth of mericlone and Kinetin 1.5ppm highly stimulated propagation of protocorm in Cym. showgirl. In the other hand, a optimum concentration was not observed to promote growth of mericlone, but IBA 1.5ppm seemed to stimulate growth a little, by the way, Kinetin 1.5ppm stimulated proliferation of protocorm in Cym. fairywand. Whereas, IBA 5.0ppm and Kinetin 1.0ppm restrained a general growth, especially, that obstructed rooting in all the varieties treated to this study.

L1₂ 기 Al-Ti-Cr 합금의 상안정성에 미치는 Zr 첨가효과

천동현,이재경,오명훈,위당문 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Interest in the L1₂ phase in the Al-Ti-Cr system has increased with respect to the demand for light weight materials at elevated temperature because of its enhanced mechanical properties that arise through the substitution of Cr for Al in Al₃Ti intermetallic compounds. Additionally, recent work has indicated that the application of L1₂- based alloys was extended to oxidation resistance coating materials for γ-based TiAl alloy because the L12 phase could form a protective Al₂O₃ scale under oxidizing environments. However, L1₂ phase decomposes partially or completely to a more brittle phase when exposed to temperatures in the range of 800~1000℃, resulting a serious degradation of the cracking resistance in L1₂-based alloys. In this study, Zr was substituted for Ti in Al-21Ti-23Cr alloys to improve the phase stability around 800℃. As a result of Zr addition in L12-based Al-Ti-Cr alloys, the fraction of L12 phase decomposition at 800℃ was decreased. Furthermore, temperature range, in which L1₂ phase was decomposed to other brittle phase, was shrunken when Zr was added in the Al-Ti-Cr alloys. These phenomena resulted from the fact that the L1₂ phase field was less shifted in the direction of the Al-rich corner at 800oC in the Al-Ti-Cr system and that atomic diffusion for the L1₂ phase decomposition was reduced. Therefore, the addition of Zr is required to increase the possibility for potential usage of L1₂-based Al-Ti-Cr alloys at elevated temperatures around 800℃ because of the improvement of phase stability.

세균의 증식 및 대사에 미치는 방아 향미성분들의 영향(Ⅰ)

천화정,박재림 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The effects of flavor components from Korean mint(Agastache rugosa O Kuntz) on bacterial growth and metabolism were tested for the development of natural food preservatives. Bacteria tested were Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1927, Bacillus subtilis IFO 3026, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Vibrio parahemolyticus. The flavor components used were anethol, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, estragol, eugenol, isoeugenol, and limonene. The growth of bacteria tested were completely inhibited by the flavor components such as estragole, eugenol, and isoeugenol from Korean mint at the concentration of 0.05% especially, V. parahemolyticus was inhibited at 0.03%. Limonene was not affected on the bacterial growth since caryophyllene inhibited the growth of B. subtilis only. Isoeugenol showed the most strong effect on bacterial growth using single component, and the combined use of estragole-isoeugenol showed the most strong effect to all bacteria tested. MIC for V. parahemolyticus was found to be 200 μg/mg in anethol, eugenol, and isoeugenol respectively, and 200 μg/mg in combined use of estragole-anethol, estragol-eugenol, and estragol-isoeugenol. Scanning electron micrographs of B. subtilis and E. coli treated with estragole 0.03% showed the damage of membrane system and protoplasm leaked.

臨床에 있어서의 自家抗體의 問題點

全秉楫,田在秀 中央醫學社 1963 中央醫學 Vol.5 No.3

Blood grouping difficulties arise in cases of auto-immune acquired haemolytic anemia. In these cases there is evidence of the occurrence of auto-antibodies. These cases may be divided into two classes, the idiopathic type in which the aetiology is unknown, and those secondary to virus pneumonia or secondary to some malignant or other disease. These auto-antibodies may be subdivied in two groups; 1) The warm antibody type. 2) The cold antibody type. Warm auto-antibodies were found in 4 cases among 8 cases of auto-immune acquired. haemolytic anemia. On the other hand, all cases except one were cold typy in 16 cases of the secondary form. Typical erythrophagocytosis was observed in one case of suspected auto-immune haemolytic anemia after incompatible blood transfusion.