전치부 개교합을 가진 골격성 제 Ⅲ급 부정교합 환자에 있어서 하악지 시상분할 골절단술후 술후 안정성에 관한 평가

임재석,권종진,장현석,손형민,남영원,최철민 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.6

The purpose of this study is to assess the postoperative stability and the tendency of relapse after both sagittal split ramus osteotomy in skeletal class III with anterior open bite. This retrospective study was based on the examination of 15 patients, 6 males and 9 females, with a mean age 23.1 years. The patients were divided into two groups based on the amount of preoperative overbite(group I:<1mm, group II:≥1mm). Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken within 2 weeks preoperatively, within 1 week postoperatively and at a follow up period that ranged from 7 to 24 months postoperatively. All cephalometric radiographs were traced and digitized using the Quick ceph image Pro for analysis. And then, horizontal and vertical changes of reference points(B point, Pogonion, L1) were assessed by the linear measurements in millimeters on both axes. The results were as follows : 1 Mean horizontal relapses were 0.67±0.93mm (11%) at B point (P<.05) and 0.81±1.01mm (13.2 %) at Pogonion (P<.01). 2, Mean vertical relapses were 0.63±1.62mm (33.3%) at B point and 0.53±1.95mm (31.4%) at Pogonion (P>.05) 3. The mean angular change of occlusal plane to SN was 0.24±1.19 (P>.05) and that of mandibular plane to SN was 1.03±1.85 (P<.05). 4. There was correlation between the extent of preoperative overbite and the postsurgical relapse at B point and Pogonion. 5. There was no correlation between the amount of surgically produced horizontal movement and the postoperative horizontal relapse at B point.

모델 추종형 적응 퍼지 제어기의 설계

남문현,김낙교,손재현 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1995 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.20 No.-

In this paper, reference-model following fuzzy controller (RMFFC) was proposed in order to overcome the difficulty of extracting rules and defects of the adaptation performance in the FLC. RMFFC comprised inner feedback loop consisting of the FLC and plant, and outer loop consisting of adaptation mechanism which of the FLC. A Referenced-model was used for design criteria of a fuzzy controller which characterizes and quantizes the control performance required in the overall control system. Tuning control rules of FLC is performed by the adaptation mechanism. For this, the fuzzy model for tuning the control rules is designed in accordance with the feature of error information. Proposed algorithm was verified through simulation for various plant models which have different characteristics. And the results are obtained as follows. 1) Control performance required by a skilled operator was reflected to the control. 2) Unnecessary rule modification did not occur in steady-state, after completion of learning, by using the following error information 3) Performance of RMFFC was improved in various disturbances, comparing with conventional FLC and MRAC.

認知와 相談 : 相談者와 被相談者의 臨床的 推理와 判斷過程에 있어서 誤謬와 偏見에 關한 考察 A Review of Errors and Biases in the Inference and Judgement of Counselor and Counselee In the Clinical Settings

朴鎭玹,宋在鴻 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1992 學生生活硏究 Vol.19 No.-

Experimantal research on cognitive structures and cognitive processes has important implications for the practice of cognitive-bahavior modification. The purpose of this paper was to examine some of the concepts being studied by social and cognitive pyschologists in light of their potential application to counseling psychology and the practice of cognitive-behavior modification. In the information-processing perspective, the concepts of cognitive structures and cognitive precesses have been examined. The concept of schemata, particularly self-schemata, was introduced Schemata are knowledge structures that guide cognitive processing. Self-schemata are particularly important in the development and maintenance of maladaptive behavior patterns, and related to the construct of self-efficacy. The cognitive processes include cognitive strategies and excutive functioning, which may lead to the biases in judging or decision making. For counselee and counselor, various cognitive processes, particularly some shortcomings in human judgment araising from cognitive structures were presented. These include selective attention, confirmatory biases and prototype matching, use of availability and representativeness heuristics, and problems with egocentric biases and illusory correlation. Particularly, These shortcommings might affect the judgment of counselors in clinical decision making. Finally, some ways in which the counselor can minimize the bias effects of cognitive structures and resulting cognitive processes were suggested. If we can agree that counselors may be more or less biased in their clinical judgment, than the most important future step is to design research studies that can evaluate the efficacy of different inferential approaches in clinical practice. It was our intention in this paper to foster renewed interest into the nature of the problem of biases in clinical inference and judgment ; however, as our behavioral colleagues continually remind us, insight is insufficient if it does not lead to behavioral change. The time has come for the counselor to stop defensively avoiding these issues and the researcher to stop wagging a condescending finger at the hapless counselor. Rather, we need to develop and examine programs that may improve clinical judgment.

청원 괴정리 출토유물

성재현 한국고고미술연구소 2001 고고학지 Vol.12 No.-

청원 괴정리 출토유물은 1998년 청원오창과학단지 진입로 건설구간 내의 근대묘 이장작업 중 발견신고된 매장문화재이다. 수습조사 당시 유구는 이미 파괴된 상태였기 때문에 무덤의 구조나 유물이 출토된 정확한 위치는 알 수 없었다. 다만 수습지 주위에서 무덤의 벽석으로 추정되는 석재들로 미루어 석곽묘 또는 석실분으로 추정된다. 당시 괴정리 유적에서 발견, 신고된 유물로는 단경호(短徑壺)·양이부호(兩耳附壺)·토기병(土器甁)·발(鉢)·개배(蓋杯) 등의 토기류와 철제망치·꺾쇠·철촉을 비롯한 철제품이 있다. 특히 이 가운데 단야구(鍛冶具)로 추정되는 철제망치는 그간 청주를 중심으로 한 지역에서는 출토된 예가 거의 없었다는 점에서 주목되며, 전반적인 출토유물의 양상은 인근 청주 신봉동고분군 및 청원 주성리유적과 유사하다. 따라서 이 유물들은 청주·청원지역 일대의 백제문화를 이해할 수 있는 고고학적 자료로서 매우 중요하다고 생각된다. 따라서 본고에서는 괴정리 출토유물을 소개하고 유물들을 통해 관찰되는 특징들을 정리하여 괴정리 출토 유물의 의미에 대해 알아보았다. Several artifacts were found from Goejeong-ri while contemporary burials were relocated due to the construction to the entrance road to the Cheongwon Ochang Industrial Compound. The site has been investigated after artifacts had reported; however, the burial structure was already destroyed. It seems to have been a stone cist burial or a stone chamber burial. Artifacts from Goejeong-ri include various pottery such as double-handled cup, short-necked pot, bottle-shaped jar, flat cup with cover and bowl and iron tools including hammer, clamps and arrowheads. Iron forging hammer to produce iron tools has never been found from the Cheongwon area. Even though these artifacts were reported, not excavated, the assemblage contains various kinds of artifacts and shows similarity to the Sinbong-dong Tombs, the Cheongju and Juseong-ri Site, Cheongwon. Compared to the assemblage from these two sites, the Goejeong-ri site seems to be dated to the late 5th century Since iron hammer and iron clamps have been found from large size tombs in this area, the Goejeong-ri tomb might also be large in the structure. Archaeological assemblage from the Goejeong-ri site is important to understand Baekje Burials around the upper Geumgang River. Since the Juseong-ri site nearby Goejeong-ri has been excavated after these artifacts were reported, the archaeological culture in this area will be revealed in the near future.

상악동 중격 : 발생빈도, 형태 및 해부학적 중요성

장현석,임재석,권종진 고려대학교 임프란트 연구소 2000 임프란트연구지 Vol.2 No.1

It is essential to identify and localize the maxillary sinus septa in maxillary sinus lift procedure to prevent tearing of sinus mucosa. The variations and frequency of bony septa in the maxillary sinuses were studied prospectively by means of computed tomography. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The presence and morphology of the septa in the maxillary sinuses were studied in 80 non-selected adults. RESULTS:CT examinations of 160 maxillary sinuses were done. The septo were observed in patients.

골격성 제3급 부정교합환자의 하악지 시상분할 골절단술후 하안면 폭경 및 고경의 변화에 대한 두부계측 방사선학적 연구

장현석,임재석,권종진,이부규,손형민 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the lower third facial changes in frontal view after mandibular setback surgery. Materials and Methods : In this study, fifteen subjects(6 males and 9 females) with class III dental and skeletal malocclusions who were treated with BSSRO(Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Ostetomy) were used. Frontal cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively and more than 6 months postoperatively, and hard tissue(H2-Hl) and soft tissue changes (S2-S1) were measured on vertical and horizontal reference lines. In 15 cases, changes which developed more than 6 months after surgery were studied. Results : The results were as follows. 1.In the facial height, hard tissue decreased(2.46±2.76mm) with statistical significance(P<0.01), and soft tissue also decreased(1.64±3.66mm). As a result, the facial height generally becomes shorter after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. 2.In the mandibular width, hard tissue decreased(2.08±3.59mm) with statistical sgnificance(P<0.05), but soft tissue increased (2.14±5.73mm) without statistically significant difference (P>0.05) postoperatively. 3.In the facial index, hard tissue decreased(0.23±2.21%), but soft tissue increased(2.41±3.46%) with statistical significance. Conclusion : One of the main purpose of orthognathic surgery is to achieve facial esthetics and harmony. In order to fullfill this purpose, it is important to carry out a precise presurgical treatment planning by estimating the changes of frontal profile after surgery.

화훼작물의 여름철 플러그묘 생산에 있어 급격한 엽온저하 쇼크를 이용한 도장억제 가능성 검토

윤재길,박소현,강호종 진주산업대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

One of the most important problem during summer plug plant production is the succulent growth. The possibility of controlling height of plug seedlings by temperature drop shock(TDS) was investigated in Pharbitis, Impatiens and Callistephus. The most sensitive plant to TDS was Pharbitis. By 2℃ water irrigation, height of Pharbitis decreased by 33%. Impatiens showed 16% reduction in height by 2℃ water irrigation. Callistephus showed no reduction in height by any treamtnet. In all plants, stem diameter increased about 10% by the cold water irrigation. Leaf injury such as leaf spot of Saintpaulia was not observed. These results suggested that TDS could be used for controlling height of summer plug seedlings such Pharbitis which is sensitive to TDS.

임프란트 식립을 위한 상악동 거상술의 임상적 연구

임재석,권종진,장현석,이성재,이부규 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1999 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.21 No.4

A variety of materials and procedures such as sinus floor elevation, sinus-lift graft, inlay bone graft using Le Fort I osteotomy, and onlay graft have been used to create adequate bone volume in the maxillary sinus for placement of endosseous implants in the posterior atrophic maxilla. Because of the frequent lack of bone in the posterior maxilla, sinus lift procedure has become a commonly practiced treatment modality. The 138 endosseous implants of 36 patients with sinus augmentation procedures performed in Korea University Hospital from January 1991 to December 1998 were summarized and analysed. The result of this study were as follows : 1. Age ranged from 39 to 57, with a mean of 50.7. 2. The mean survival rate for 138 implants with maxillary sinus lift procedure was 80.4%. 3. There was no corelationship between the fixture length, width and the survival rate. 4. The result showed that the healing period for 8-12 months was necessary if the residual alveolar bone height was less than 5mm. 5. Autogenous iliac corticocancellous block graft showed the most favorable survival rate(95%).

마이크로스트립 슬롯배열 안테나의 이론 및 실험적 연구

홍재표,윤명한,조영기,손현 경북대학교 공과대학 1987 工大硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

The analysis of microstrip slot antenna fed by a strip transmission line can be obtained by applying transmission line theory with a discontinuity by the slot. To minimize reactance components of the slot, a p oper stripline length is selceted by measuring transmission coefficient. The array pattern is obtained by multiplication array factor to the element pattern and compared with the experimental results. m r

지방재정 확보에 관한 연구

임재현 숙명여자대학교 사회 교육과학연구소 2001 사회 교육과학연구 Vol.4 No.2

일반적으로 지방자치단체를 둘러싼 현재의 환경변화는 지방재정수요를 증대시킴으로써 지방자치단체의 재정적 어려움을 야기시킨다고 인식되고 있다. 우리날 지방자치단체의 재정수입도 최근에 급증하고 있는 재정수요를 충족시키지 못하고 있다. 이러한 인식하에서 본 연구는 우리나라 지방재정수입의 현황을 살펴보고, 이를 토대로 문제점과 개선방안을 논의한다. 우리나라 지방재정수입의 문제점으로는 지방세의 비중이 낮으며, 지방세수입이 재정과세중심적이고, 지방자자치단체의 재정자립수준이 낮아서 자주재원이 해당 자치단체에 근무하는 공무원들의 인건비를 충당하지 못하는 경우가 다수 존재하며, 경영수입사업과 지방채발발행이 효과적으로 수행되지 못하는 점 등이 지적될 수 있다. 따라서, 지방재정을 확충하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 방안들이 시행되어야 한다. 첫째, 국세중 일부를 지방세로 전환한다. 둘째, 세외수입을 증대시키기 위해 경영수입사업을 효과적으로 운영해야 하며, 이를 위한 수단으로 전담조직을 구축하고 민영화와 업무평가를 시행한다. 셋째, 지방자치단체간의 재정력 격차를 완화시키기 우해 지방재정조정제도를 활성화하되, 지방교부세와 지방양여금 중심적으로 운영되어야 한다. 넷째, 지방자치시대에 맞게 탄력적으로 운영해야 한다. The recent change in function and role of local governments has increased the local finance demands, thereby causing the fiscal stresses of most municipalities. This is true ok Korean local governments. In this respect, the study is focused on reviewing the present financial conditions of Korean local governments, on analyzing their problems, and on suggesting the policy alternatives. In Korea, there are many problems in local finance as mentioned below: (1) the portion of local tax revenue vs national tex revenue is low; and (2) local tax revenue is property-tax-oriented; (3) local finance capacities are in low; and (4) local businesslike enterprises and municipal bonds are managed ineffectively. Therefore, the policy alternatives to improve local fiscal capacities are: (1) to enlarge the local tax bases; (2) to effectively manage the businesslike enterprises of local government; (3) to activate the grants system to reduce horizon and vertical finance inequality among local governments; and (4) to set up theeffective institutional mechanism and operation system of municipal bonds.