南北關係와 韓半島平和體制 構想

李承憲,許在一 건국대학교 1975 學術誌 Vol.19 No.1

In this research paper, we tried to put into an orderly perspective the course of relationship between South and North Korea and their respective approach toward unification with emphasis on recent development in the 1970'B particularly related to the idea of Korean peninsular peace system. In doing so, we paid attention to the interaction among various actor levels in concentric juxtaposition-South and North Korea, the four big surrounding powers, and the UN. For Korea, as a divided nation against its will, national unification has been the paramount imperative. Substantially speaking, however, there is a basic difference in the policies and strategies of North Korea and the Republic of Korea for the unification of whole Korea ; one is unification under communism by military force "as pursued by North Korea, and the other is "unification under democracy by peaceful means" as pursued by the Republic of Korea. In the last thirty years since the end of the World War II, the power relation in Northeast Asia surrounding Korean peninsula has undergone vicissitudes according to the change of world-wide power constellation. The erstwhile bipolar confrontation system during the cold war period has been expected to be transformed into a coexistence system under the emerging cross-cutting bi-multipolarity. With the july 4 North-South Joint Communique and the commencement of South-North dialogue in 1972 as turning points, South and North Korea have been conjoined with four big surrounding powers-U.S.A., Japan, U.S.S.R. and Communist China. Subsequently, it has been keenly desired that the convict of interests among these six actors be harmonized and a new peace system or international order be established in Northeast Asia around Korean peninsula. However, North Korea's stubborn adherence to the revolutionary unification strategy poses a damaging challenge. It opposes the idea of institutionalizing peace and security in Korean peninsula through the good office of the Security Council of the U.N. and thus another harsh diplomatic confrontation is anticipated in the forthcoming U.N. General Assembly. The crucial point is to get priority or sequence and to harmonize the status quo requirement of security and the non-status quo requirement of unification.

주상골 골절에서 Herbert/Whipple 나사못의 바람직한 위치 : 모형연구 A Model Study

유재두,김종오,윤여헌,고영도,배서영,이정준 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

목 적 : 주상골 골절 치료에 사용하는 Herbert/Whipple 나사못의 바람직한 삽입 위치를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 4개의 사체에서 분리한 주상골을 이용하여 각 주상골마다 12개씩 주물 모형을 제작하여 대상으로 하였다. 각 모형에서 핀 삽입 안내 장치(jig, Zimmer??)를 이용하여 안내핀(guide wire)을 원위부에서 근위부를 향해 삽입하되 원위부에 A, B, C, D의 4개 근위부에 0, 5, 10의 3개의 지점을 설정하여 총 12가지 방법으로 삽입하였다. 각 모형은 주상골의 장축에 직각인 방향으로 근위부, 요부, 원위부의 세 단면을 만들고 핀 삽입의 흔적과 가장 가까운 피질골 표면과의 거리를 측정하여 이 거리가 대적으로 길 때 안전한 것으로 평가 하였다. 결 과 : 핀 삽입의 흔적과 가장 가까운 표면과의 거리가 근위부에서는 D5, 원위부에서는 C10이 유의하게 길었다. 원위 삽입 위치를 기준으로 하였을 때 근위부에서 C가 유의하게 거리가 길었고 요부, 원위부, 그리고 근위 목표 지점을 기준으로 하였을 때의 측정된 거리는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : Herbert/Whipple 나사못의 삽입 위치는 근위부 골절에서는 D5군, 원위부 골절에서는 C5군이 가장 바람직한 위치라고 할 수 있엇고 요부 골절에서는 A0군과 D0군을 제외하면 별 다른 차이 없이 비교적 안전하다고 할 수 있다. 바람직한 위치 선정을 위해서는 근위부의 목표지점보다 원위부의 지점을 정확히 하는 것이 중요하다고 사료된다. Purpose : To evaluate optimal placement of the Herbert/Whipple screw in scaphoid fracture Materials and Methods: Forty eight model molded from four cadaver scaphoids were used for this study. Using the Herbert/Whipple jig, the guide wire was placed distal to proximal into each scaphoid with twelve method which were four entry points and three target points. Guide wire placement was then evaluated with three planes in the proximal, middle, distal planes and distance from the nearest cortex. Results : The most concentric position in the proximal plane was D5, in the middle plane C10. As distal entry point, the most concentric position in proximal plane was C. There were no statistical concentric, as middle, distal plane, and proximal entry point, Conclusion : The most ideal placement were D5 in proximal fractures of the scaphoid, C5 in distal fractures. In waist fractures of the scaphoid, there were relatively safe, except A0 and D0. The position of entry points was more important than that of target points for ideal screw placement.

LANDSTAT 자료를 이용한 유출곡선지수의 추정

조홍제,황재호 울산대학교 2001 공학연구논문집 Vol.32 No.1

수치고도모델을 이용하여 유역의 지형학적 특성을 분석하고, LANDSAT 위성영상을 이용하여 유역의 토지피복상태를 분류한 후 유출곡선지수를 추정하였다. 특히, 우리나라는 유역의 대부분을 산림이 차지하는 피복특성이 있으므로 식생의 다중반사특성을 응용하여 산림지역을 분류하고 유출곡선지수 추정에 응용하였다. 산림지역은 식생의 건강 상태나 밀도에 따라 유출특성이 변화하는데, LANDSAT 위성영상의 다중분광자료를 사용하여 산출한 식생지수는 산림지역을 밀도나 건강상태에 따라 분류하는데 유용하였다. 또한 식생지수를 사용하여 산림지역을 분류한 후 산출한 유출곡선지수는 산림지역을 분류한 후 산출한 유출곡선지수에 비하여 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Having analyzed the topographical quality of the basin using Digital Elevation Model and classified land uses by LANDSAT Satellite image, we estimated Runoff Curve Numbers. Most of the basins are characterized by the forest, therefore multiple reflex qualities were used to classify the forest and to estimate Runoff Curve Numbers. Because runoff changes according to the vegetative health and density, the vegetation index derived from the multispectral data of LANDSAT satellite images was useful to classify the forest by its health and density. It was observed that Runoff Curve Number decreased when the vegetation index was taken into account. In conclusion, the mulispectal image was useful to observe special quality and classification of the land.

소아 대퇴골 간부 골절에 대한 유연 골수정 삽입술

윤여헌,최창호,정재학 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.3

목적: 4세부터 11세 사이의 소아 대퇴골 간부 골절을 유연 골수정 삽입술로 치료한 결과를 후향적으로 분석하여 이 치료 방법의 장점과 단점 등을 논하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 최근 3년간 치험한 27명 28례를 1년 이상 추시하였으며, 임상 기록과 방사선 사진을 분석하여, 슬관절 운동 회복, 체중 부하 가능 시점, 골절 유합 시점, 입원 및 재활 치료 기간, 각 변형과 하지 부동 등 후유증과 기타 합병증 여부를 평가하였다. 결과: 슬관절 운동은 전례가 술후 2~4주 사이에 회복되었다. 부분 체중 부하는 보조기 착용상태에서 술후 2~4주에 대부분 가능하였으며, 보조기 없이 전체중 부하가 가능하고 방사선 사진상 견고한 골 유합이 확인된 시점은 수술 후 6~12주 (평균 8.4주)였다. 최종 추시 사진상 5도 이상의 각 변형은 5례 (18%)에서 있었으며, 다리 길이가 1㎝ 이상 차이를 보여 수술 또는 신발로 후속 교정이 필요하였던 경우는 2례 (5%)였다. 지연 유합, 불유합, 재골절 등의 합병증이 없었으나, 고정 실패로 인한 재수술 (1례)과 금속정 도입부의 심부 연부 조직 감염 (1례)이 있었다. 결론: 4세부터 11세 사이의 소아 대퇴골 간부 골절의 치료에서 유연 골수성 삽입술은 석고 고정 등 비수술적 치료에 비하여 조기 슬관절 운동과 체중 부하가 가능하고, 재활 치료 기간이 짧으며 각 변형과 다리 길이 차이 등 부정유합의 빈도가 적은 장점이 있으며, 외고정 등 다른 수술적 치료에 비하여 지연 유합, 불유합, 핀 감염, 재골절 등의 합병증이 거의 없는 등 장점이 뚜렷하였다. Purpose: We report a treatment result and the pros-cons of the flexible intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children between the age of 4 and 11 years. Materials and Methods: During the recent three years, 28 femoral shaft fractures in 27 consecutive pediatric patients were treated with flexible intramedullary nailing. We restrospectively reviewed their clinical and radiological records, follow-up for at least one year, in respects to the recovery of knee joint motion; time of fracture union; period of admission and rehabilitation; angular deformity and leg length discrepancy; and other complications. Result: In all children, the knee joint motion was rapidly recovered to near normal range within 2~4 weeks. Partial weight bearing with wearing functional brace was possible within 2~4 weeks, while full weight bearing without brace was started until 6~12 (average 8.4) weeks after the nailing. In the last follow-up radiograghs, five cases (18%) showed 무 angular deformity in any direction of more than 5 degrees. Two children represented leg length discrepancy of more than 1㎝. Other complications were one fixation failure, and one deep soft tissue infection at the entry point of the nail. Conclusion: We strongly recommend the flexible intramedullary nailing in this injury because the fixation is strong enough to permit early knee motion and weight bearing in orthosis, the fracture healing was so rapid without any case of delayed or nonunion, and the incidences of residual angular deformity and leg length discrepancy were significantly less than the nonoperative treatment.

李光洙 小說의 男主人公 硏究

愼憲縡 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1986 韓國學論集 Vol.9 No.-

This submission has been prepared after study of Lee, Kwang-Su's novels, is Which I tried to investigate some interior self-conflicts of the maleprotagonists, and to classify into several human types. In the 1910's, the male protagonists in the novel were filled with some self-conflicts in their conscience caused from two factors, the need of self-achievemtns and devotion for their father-land. The representative Characteristics in his novel is Lee, Hyoung-Sik, in<Moo-Jeong> (the Heartlessness) which is later classified to the patriot-type and the artist-type. In the 1920's, the heroes in the Lee, Kwang-Su's novel also possessed this sort of conscious self-coflicts caused from affection (情) and frate-rnities (義), which can be classified into four types, 가, 나, 다 and mixture of two other factors. 가) type used to over indulge in their own selfish-love and he was in different to the dark situaion of his father land occupied by the Japa-nese colonial invision, however, this male-protagonist came to regret his faults after some bitter experience by his lover's betrayal. The author, Lee, Kwang-Su, attempted to demonste the typical mail intelil-gences who used to fall into the mammonism and sexual epicurism prevailed afthe the 3.1 Indipendence Movement. 나) style was a married, middle-aged man who was at a leading level of the Korean society and was fall in love with a young lady. He tried to give up his passin to her, but after all he chose suicide to give up his ideal lover forever. 다) type is a revolutionist or patriot who sacrificed himself for the fatherland through which the author described his theory of preparative to the independence. The mixture type is a autobiographic hero, who combined two types Especially the author appealed his best ideal type through the hero An, Bin in <Sarang> <love>. Finally, we can find the heroes in Lee, Kwang-Su's novels have been working to moral-utopia, wandering ceselessly between affection (情) and fraternities(義).

노령에서 고관절 골절에 영향을 주는 수상전 요인

김종오,윤여헌,고영도,유재두,정준모,방한천,강규복 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

목 적 : 노령에서 고관절골절의 여러 원인적 요인들과 상관관계를 분석, 그 연관성에 대해 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2002년 5월까지 대퇴 고관절 골절로 본원에서 치료받은 환자중 60세 이상이고 골밀도 검사를 시행받은 158례를 대상으로, 수상전 요인을 나이, 성별, 흡연여부, 비만정도, 골절종류, 수상장소, 다른 이환 질환, 골절전 활동도, 골밀도 검사, 수상당시 바닥의 경도, 수상당시 넘어진 방향, 수상에너지에 따라 대퇴 경부골절과 전자간 골절, 전자간 골절중 안정골절과 불안정 골절로 나눠 비교하였다. 결 과 : 80세 이상의 군에서 대퇴 전자간 골절이 대퇴 경부 골절에 비해 의미있게 많이 발생했음을 알 수 잇었으며(p<0.001) 환자의 수상전 활동정도의 비교에서도 활동정도가 낮았던 군에서 대퇴 전자간 골절이 의미있게 많이 발생하였다(p<0.001). 골밀도 검사에 따른 비교에서는 T-score -3.0 이하인 군에서 대퇴 전자간 골절이 많았으며(p<0.005), 수상에너지에 따른 비교에서는 적은 에너지에 의한 골절이 전자간 골절에서 많았다(p<0.05). 대퇴 전자간 골절은 안정 골절과 비안정 골절로 나눈 비교에서는 사회 활동이 어려운 ADL C이하의 군과(p<0.05), 골밀도 T-score -3.0 이하인군에서는 의미있는 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 결 론 : 노령에서의 고관절 골절 중 80세 이상의 고령에서, 골밀도 T-score -3.0 이하인 경우, 일상생활 활동정도가 낮은 경우에, 비교적 적은 에너지에 의한 충격시에 대퇴 전자간 골절의 발생이 대퇴 경부 골절에 비해 의미있게 많았고 전자간 골절에서 불안정 골절은 사회활동이 적고 골밀도 T-score -3.0 이하인 경우 많음을 알수 있었다. Purpose : We studied the co-relation on the causes of the hip fracture through the analysis of a relevance on the etiological factors as increased incidence according increasing old age. Materials and Methods : Total 158 cases that treated on the hip fracture from 2001 Jan. to 2002 May were studied. The parameters were age, gender, smoking, obesity, type of fracture, place of fracture, other comorbidity, activity of daily living, bone marrow densitometry, hardness of floor, orientation, injury energy. And then, we analysis of difference between femur neck fracture and femur intretrochanter fracture and between stable femur intertrochanter fracture and unstable femur intertrochanter fracture. Results : The incidence of the femoral intertrochanteric fracture was larger significantly than that of the femoral neck fracture in the older then 80(p<0.001). On the comparison of the pre-fractural activity of daily living, the group revealed lower activity had larger incidence of femoral intertrochateric fracture(p<0.001). Also, the femoral intertrochanteric fracture was more larger osteoporosis patient group(p<0.005), and lower energy trauma(p<0.05). In a unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture, 21 cases(77.7%) of total 27 cases were belong to the group of the activity of daily living scale below C(p<0.05), 24 cases pf 27 cases were belong to the osteoporosis patient who was estimated below -3.0 on T-score(p<0.001). Conclusion : In the hip fracture of the elderly patients, the femoral intertrochanteric fracture is more prevalance ratherthe femoral neck fracture on the cases of older patient more than 80 year-old, lower activity of daily living scale, lower T-score less than -3.0 on BMD, lower energy trauma. Also, in femur intertrochanter fracture, unstable fracture is more common in low daily activity and owteoporosis.

효과적인 하중운반체계에 대한 생체역학적 연구

서국웅,이중숙,김용재,이훈식 부산대학교 사범대학 1994 교사교육연구 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study was to get the quantitative data of effect of two different load carrying system on Kinematics and Kinetics. The subjects for the research were 2-adults. The mechanism of each load carrying pattern was measured by a motion analyzer a forceplatform and E.M.G system. The conclusion were as follow from Kinematics Variable's and Kinetics Variables. 1. It was not effected at the vertical reaction force(Fz) of left, right foot according to the big value of the 1st peack of 10kg, 15kg fore, back-pack carrying system, 20kg, 30kg back-pack carrying system in walking. But, it was effected at the vertical reaction force(Fz) on 30kg back-pack carrying system in walking. 2. It was not effected at the Anterior-Posterior reaction force(Fx) of left, right foot according to high value of the 1st peack on 10kg, 15kg fore, back-pack carrying in walking. But, it was effected on the 20kg, 30kg only back-pack carrying system in walking. 3. It was effected at the legt-right reaction force(Fy) of left-right foot according to the big value of the 2nd peak on 10kg, 15kg fore-backpack carrying system in walking. It was more effective than 20kg, 30kg back-pack carrying system in walking. There was not disorder force(Fx) on 10kg, 15kg fore-backpack carrying system in walking. 4. Analysis of computer graphic, on the pack carrying system in walking. It was efficient in 10kg, 15kg fore-backpack carrying system in walking. But, it was not efficient on 20kg, 30kg backpack carrying in walking. Castrocnemius, Tibialis anterior, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, are stressed to bend their body foreward. So it should be occurred fatigue fastly, injured muscles and joints. 5. Extension analyses and flection angles of the Knee joint and the hip joint on 10kg, 15kg fore-backpack carrying system in walking showed less than on 20kg, 30kg backpack carrying system in walking. It was efficient on the 10kg, 15kg fore-backpack carrying system in walking.

흉요추부 굴곡-신연 손상에서 척추체의 골절 양상

고영도,김종오,윤여헌,유재두,정준모 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : 흉요추부 굴곡-신연 손상에 동반되는 척추체의 골절 양상을 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 흉요추부 굴곡 - 신연 손상 21례의 방사선 검사를 검토하여 골절된 척추체의 위치, 전후방 추체 높이, 손상된 분절의 후만각, 척추체 골편의 척추관내 침범 정도 및 척추체의 분쇄 정도를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 총 21례 중 압박 골절이 11례, 방출성 골절이 9례 있었다. 척추체 골절은 85%에서 굴곡-신연 손상된 분절내에서 하부 척추체에 위치하였다. 전방 추체 높이는 평균 27% 감소하였고, 압박 골절이 동반된 경우 18%, 방출성 골절이 동반된 경우 40% 감소하였다. 후방 추체 높이는 평균 1% 감소하였고, 압박 골절이 동반된 경우 1% 증가하였으며, 방출성 골절이 동반된 경우 4% 감소하였다. 손상된 분절의 후만각은 평균 19.5도이었고, 압박 골절이 동반된 경우는 15.4도, 방출성 골절이 동반된 경우는 26.8도이었다. 방출성 골절이 동반된 9례 중 골편의 척추관내 침범은 평균 27%이었으며, 척추체의 분쇄 정도는 71.4%에서 경미하였다, 결론 : 흉요추부 굴곡-신연 손상에서 척추세의 골절은 매우 흔하며 분절내 하부 척추체에 호발하였다. 가해진 힘에 비하여 전후방 추체 높이의 감소, 척추관내 침범 및 분쇄 정도가 적었으며, 이는 굴곡력이나 축성 부하의 효과가 신연력에 의해 일부 상쇄되었기 때문이다. Purpose : To evaluate the configuration of vertebral body fractures in flexion-distraction injuries of thoracolumbar spine. Materials and Method : We investigated the location of fractures, anterior or posterior vertebral body height, kyphotic angle of injured segments, canal encreachment and severity of comminution on radiologic examinations of 21 cases. Result : There were 11 compression fractures and 9 burst fractures. 85% of fractures were located in the inferior vertebrae of injured segments. Anterior vertebral height decreased by 27% on average with decrease of 18% in compression fractures and 40% in burst fractures. Posterior height decreased by 1% on average with increase of 1% in compression fractures and decrease of 4% in burst fractures. The average kyphotic angle of injured segments was 19.5˚ with 15.4˚ in compression fractures and 26.8˚ in burst fractures. The canal encreachment in 9 burst fractures was 27% on average, and the comminution of vertebral body was mild in 74%. Conclusion : The fracture of vertebral body in flexion-distraction injuries of thoracolumbar spine was very common, and located on the inferior vertebare of injured segment. The decrease of vertebral height, canal encreachment and severity of comminution was relatively less than the estimated from mechanism of injury, with offset effect of distraction force.

호산구성 기관지염의 임상적 특징

김용현,윤여일,임건일,박상준,주재학,김용훈,박춘식 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

Background: Eosinophilic inflammation of airway is usually associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in bronchial asthma. However, there is a small group of patients who has the eosinophilic inflammation in the bronchial tree with normal spirometry and no evidence of airway hyperresponsiveness, which was named eosinophilic bronchitis. The objectives of this study are 1) to investigate the incidence of eosinophilic bronchitis in the chronic cough syndrome and 2) to evaluate the clinical features and course of eosinophilic bronchitis. Methods : We evaluated 92 patients who had persistent cough for 3 weeks or longer. In addition to usual diagnostic protocol, we performed differential cell count of sputum. Eosinophilic bronchitis was diagnosed when the patient had normal spirometic values, normal peak expiratory flow variability, no airway hyperresponsiveness, and sputum eosinophilia(>3%). Result : The causes of choronic cough were post-nasal drip in 33%, cough variant asthma in 16%, bronchitis in 15%, and eosinophilic bronchitis in 12% of the study subjects. Initial eosinophil percentage in sputum of patience with eosinophilic bronchitis was 26.8±6.1% (3.8-63.7%). Treatment with inhaled steroid is related with a subjective improvement of cough severity and a significant decrease of sputum eosinophil percentage (from 29.1±8.3% to 7.4±3.3%)/ During the follow up period of over ? months, recurrence of cough of was associated with reappearance of sputum eosinophilia. Conclusion : Eosinophilic bronchitis is one of the important causes of chronic cough. Assessment of airway inflammation by sputum examination is important in investigating the cause of chronic cough. Cough in eosinophilic bronchitis are effectively controlled by inhaled corticosteroid, but it recurs frequently over a long term period of follow-up(Korean J Med 60:77-84, 2001)

Anti-stress Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on the Non-invasive Physiological Markers in a General Population with Various Somatic Symptoms

Jae-Hon Lee,Bo-Ra Kim,Eun-Ho Kang,Hee-Jin Park,Bum-Hee Yu 고려인삼학회 2011 고려인삼학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.4