CROSS 공법을 이용한 폐수의 생물학적 처리에 관한 연구

박광하,심재도,권영두,강동수,김인호,정태명,황갑성 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study aims to develop using a continuous removal of organic and settling solid(CROSS) to increase the efficiency of aeration system for wastewater treatment. To solve many problems of the conventional activated-sludge process, authors suggested a new CROSS model in conjunction with aeration systems in 1996. This system is characterized by utilizing an intensive aeration pipe with inlets at the lower portion and outlets at the higher portion in an aeration tank. Through the experiments on CROSS process, the average removal efficiences of BOD, COD_(Mn), SS, T-N and T-P were showed 98.8%, 93.9%, 98.0%, 71.3% and 49.8%. The average DO (Dissolved-Oxygen) concentration was constantly maintained at 8.0 mg/L by the intensive aeration which was accompanied by rapid reduction of BOD. Degradation of the organic matters in sewage then continued for the whole aeration period. The process demonstrated that it was very adaptive without seeding and returning the sludge. Compared to the activated sludge system, the system was very flexible for the continuous flow treatment. This preliminary assessment showed that the porous media in CROSS reactor is viable for the sewage treatment, since the porous media under the intensive aeration achieves acceptable effluent quality.

수중기지국 기반 수중통신망 구축 및 성능 시험

김도훈(Kim Do Hoon),채광영(Chae Kwang Young),고만재(Go Man Jae),정해지(Jeong Hae Ji),유호동(Liu Hao Dong),조용호(Cho Young Ho) 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.2

본 논문에서는 수중음향통신을 활용하여 CTD센서와 DO센서를 통해 수중환경데이터를 측정하고, 측정된 값을 육상에서 확인할 수 있도록 하는 실험을 진행하였다. 본 실험은 남해 실해역에서 20년 12월 12일부터 20일까지 진행되었으며, 구조물은 해수면에 해상부이 1대, 해저면에 수중기지국 2대, 센서노드 10대를 설치하였다. 모든 구조물에는 송신을 위한 트랜스듀서와 수신을 위한 하이드로폰이 장착된다. 해상부이는 해저면에 설치된 수중기지국과 센서노드에서 수중환경데이터를 수신한 후 육상 서버와 통신하여 패킷을 전송한다. 데이터는 1시간 단위로 전송되도록 설정하였으며 실험결과, 패킷 성공률은 약91.20%인 것을 확인하였다.

노령의 대퇴 전자간 골절 치료에서 압박고 나사못의 안정성 및 유용성

김종오,노권재,윤여헌,고영도,유재두,정준모,방한천,정재학 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 노령의 대퇴 전자간 골절에서 압박고 나사못의 안정성에 영향을 주는 인자들간의 상관 관계와 골절 양상에 따른 술후 고관절 기능을 평가 및 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 압박고 나사를 이용하여 수술적 치료를 시행한 231명의 환자 중 6개월 이상 추시가 가능하였던 60세 이상 84명의 환자들을 대상으로 했다. 방사선적 계측은 압박고 나사못의 활강 길이 및 내반각, 가압 나사 위치, 정복 상태, 원위 골편의 내측 전위를 측정하였으며 술후 기능은 Clawson의 기능 평가표로 하였고 골절 양상에 따라 방사선 계측과 기능 회복과의 상관 관계를 평가하였다. 결 과: 임상 결과는 불안정 골절에서 양호가 10례, 불량이 23례, 안정 골절에서는 양호 40례, 불량이 11례로 안정 골절에서 임상 결과가 좋았고(p<0.001), 압박고 나사 활강은 10 ㎜ 이상일 때 양호가 4례, 불량이 21례, 10 ㎜ 이하에서 양호가 46례, 불량이 13례로 10 ㎜ 이상 활강시에 술후 결과가 불량했다(p<0.001). 다르 방사선적 계측 요인은 결과에 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한, 불안정 골절 중에서 전위 양상 골절의 경우 10㎜ 이상 활강이 12례, 10㎜ 이하 활강이 8례, 분쇄 양상 골절의 경우는 10㎜ 이상이 11례, 10㎜ 이하가 2례로 분쇄 양상의 불안정 골절에서 10㎜ 이상 활강이 의미있게 많았다 (p<0.001). 결 론: 10㎜ 이상의 지연 나사 활강은 고관절 기능 회복 약화를 유발시킬 수 있으며 불안정 골절 분쇄 양상 골절은 이런 지연 나사의 활강이 과도하게 유발될 수 있으므로 불안정 분쇄 양상 골절에서 압박고 나사의 단독 사용은 재고해 보아야 할 것이다. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between fracture stability and functional results, and analyze the correlation between stability factors and the outcome in intertrochanteric fracture of the elderly. Materials and Methods: Of the 231 patients, 84 patients with age above 60 were able to follow up for minimum 6 months. We measured the sliding length of the lag screw, varus degree, position of lag screw, reduction status and medialization of distal fragment radiologically. The functional outcome of the treatment was evaluated with the Clawson's result classification and we evaluated the correlation between the radiological results of measurement and the functional recovery depending on the Evans fracture classification. Results: There were good results in 40 cases out of 51 stable fractures, and in 10 cases out of 33 unstable fractures (p<0.001). In case of sliding of lag screw more than 10㎜, good results were obtained in 4 cases, and poor in 21. And in case of sliding less than 10㎜, good results were obtained in 46, and poor in 13. (p<0.001).But there was no relationship between other radiologic factors and clinical results. In unstable type, there were 12 cases with lag screw sliding more than 10㎜ and 10 cases with less than 10㎜. In comminuted type, there were 11 cases with lag screw sliding more than 10㎜ and 2 cases with less than 10㎜(p<0.001). Conclusion: The sliding of lag screw more than 10㎜ may result in poor outcome. As in comminuted unstable pattern, sliding of lag screw might be excessive, the use of compression hip screw alone is not good treatment option.

봉독약침이 류마티스 관절염 환자의 관절 통증, 종창 및 급성 염증 반응에 미치는 영향

이상훈,이현종,백용현,김수영,박재경,홍승재,양형인,김건식,이재동,최도영,이두익,이윤호 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective In order to study the effects of bee venom(BV) on the pain, edema, and acute inflammatory reactant of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients. Methods Patients with RA who met the ACR(American College of Rheumatology) 1987 revised criteria for the diagnosis of RA were treated with the BV therapy twice a week for 3 months. Tender Joint counts, swollen joint counts, Visual analog scale(VAS), morning stiffness, ESR. C-reactive protein(CRP) were analyzed before and after BV therapy. Results The results as follows. 1. Tender joint counts in patients after BV therapy were significantly lower than those before BV therapy(9.0±7.9 vs 15± 11.4, p=0.002). 2. Swollen joint counts of the patients after BV therapy were significantly lower than those before BV therapy(50±61 vs 15±23, p=0.001). 3. VAS in patients after BV therapy was significantly lower than those before BV therapy(608± 17.6 vs 380± 159, p=0.000). 4. Duration of morning stiffness in patients after BV therapy was significantly reduced compared with that before BV therapy(119.1± 112.6 min vs 59.0±89.7 min, p=0.009). 5. ESR and CRP were not significantly changed before and after BV therapy, suggesting BV itself could make inflammatory reaction as well as therapeutic effect. Conclusions BV therapy improved tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and duration of morning stiffness in this study, and further study is needed on long-term effect of BV therapy.

경기 북부지역에서 발생한 한국형 출혈열의 임상적 특성

전성주(Seoung Ju Chun),전정수(Jung Su Chun),김재하(Jae Ha Kim),최두혁(Do Hyok Choi) 대한내과학회 1987 대한내과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

N/A Korean hemorrhagic fever which was recognized for the first time in Korea near the Demilitarized Zone between North and South Korea in 1951 during Korea War have spread to the southern part of the Korean peninsula and several hundreds of cases are clinically and serologically diagnosed each year. However the Northern Part of Kyoung Ki Do is still remained as epidemic area. In recent years, we experienced 55 cases of Korean Hemorrhagic Fever in the northern part of Kyoung Ki Do during the period, 1984-1986, and we found different clinical patterns of Korean hemorrhagic fever from those reported earlier. Here we report the epidemiological and clinical observations with laboratory findings. 1) The disease was prevalent in adult male farmers and the epidemic seasons were fall and early winter. The epidemic areas of the disease are mainly Yang Ju, Yeoncheon and Pocheon. 2) Clinical pictures of Korean Hemorrhagic Fever were characterized by headache (76%), abdominal pain (69%), nausea & vomiting (67%), fever (56%) and myalgia & general aching (49%). 3) On physical examination, fever (56%), abdominal tenderness (36%), tachycardia (35%), hypotension (27%), petechia (24%), conjunctival injection (22%) and facial flushing and edema (16%) were found. 4) On laboratory examination, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, left shift of leukocyte, toxic granule, proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and increased specific gravity were found. Blood chemistry findings were characterized by increased BUN & creatinine, increased SGOT & SGPT, hyponatremia, increased LDH & FDP and hyperkalemia. 5) Clinical forms of typical hemorrhagic fever were as follows: Typical oliguric type 49%, typical nonoliguric type 21% and atypical type 29%. 6) Double infection to Leptospirosia was found in 8 cases.

봉독약침이 류마티스 관절염 환자의 기능회복 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

이상훈,이현종,박상민,김수영,박재경,홍승재,양형인,이재동,최도영,김건식,이두익,이윤호 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective: To evaluate the effects of bee venom acupuncture(BVA) on the rehabilitation and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients Methods: Patients with RA were treated with the BVA therapy twice a week for 3 months. Tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, morning stiffness, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), patient global assessment, physician global assessment, Korean health assessment questionnaire(KHAQ) were estimated and analyzed before and after BVA therapy. Results: Tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, morning stiffness showed significant decrease after BVA therapy. But, as acute inflammatory reactants, ESR showed no significant difference and CRP showed significant increase after BVA therapy. Patient global assessment physician global assessment, and KHAQ index showed significant improvement after BVA therapy. Conclusions: BVA therapy can improve rehabilitation and health-related quality of life RA patients as well as clinical symptom and signs. Further study is required in more population with large scale including acute inflammatory reaction of BVA therapy.

사람 血淸의 고양이 赤血球에 對한 凝集活性에 關한 硏究

都在元 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.1

For the purpose of new classification of human blood type, the author experimented the agglutination activities of human sera (donor; 137 persons) to blood cells(RBC). After investigating the relationships with the known blood types to compare each other, the following results were obtained: 1. Human sera could be classified into two groups by their agglutination activities to cat RBC; one was agglutination group and the other was no-agglutination group. 2. Of the 137 donors, the incidence of the former (agglutination group) was 46% and the latter was 54%. 3. Individual differences of cat RBC didn't effect on their agglutination reaction by human sera. 4. There was no significant relation between agglutination property of human sera to cat RBC and known blood types, such as AB0, C1, H, Vp, ab. C, CCI and other serum types classified by use of other animal RBC.

대기시간의 법리

도재형 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2012 法學論集 Vol.16 No.3

Waiting hour is not a legal concept defined in the statute such as the Labor Standards Act, etc. Sometimes, waiting hour is treated as working hour or sometimes treated as a resting hour under the statute. It is located in the boundary between resting hour and working hour. In reality, waiting hour has various aspects. Whether to treat waiting hour as working hour depends on whether a worker is under the employer’s command during that time or not, regardless of the name in the workplace. It is directly connected to the rise of rights and obligations under the labor law. At this point, whether waiting hour is working hour or resting hour is a critical issue of the labor law. An appropriate regulation of these conflicts is the matter how to harmonize the ideology of labor law, such as improvement of the quality of worker’s life, underlying spirit of legislation for limiting working hour, with the characteristics of waiting hour as examined above. Waiting hour is not the only problem whether it is kind of working hour or resting hour under the Labor Standards Act. It is also related to the issues under the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act, the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act or the Minimum Wages Act, etc. The purpose of this article is, based on the problems mentioned above, to identify the legal governing status of the waiting hour through the analysis of the cases. In addition, it critically reviews the results of the analysis and briefly examines the improvement of waiting hour system. 대기시간은 ｢근로기준법｣ 등 법률에서 규정한 개념이 아니다. 대기시간은 법률에서 때로는 근로시간으로, 때로는 휴게시간으로 취급된다. 그것은 휴게시간과 근로시간의 중간 영역 혹은 경계선에 있다. 현실에서 대기시간은 다양한 모습을 띤다. 그런데 대기시간이 노동법상 근로시간으로서의 성격을 띠는지는, 사업장에서의 명칭과는 상관없이, 그 시간에 근로자가 사용자의 지휘명령권 아래에 놓여 있는지 여부에 따라 판단된다. 대기시간을 근로시간으로 취급할지는 노동법상 권리의무의 발생 여부와 직접 연결된다. 이 점에서 대기시간이 근로시간 혹은 휴게시간에 해당하는지 여부는 노동관계법의 중요한 쟁점이다. 그리고 이를 적절히 규율하는 것은 근로자의 삶의 질 향상, 근로시간 제한 법제의 취지 등 노동법의 이념을 위에서 살펴본 대기시간의 특성과 어떻게 적절하게 조화시키느냐의 문제이다. 대기시간은 근로자가 작업시간의 중도에 현실적인 작업에 종사하지 않는 시간을 뜻한다. 대기시간이 근로시간에 해당하는지 여부는 그 시간에 근로자가 사용자의 지휘감독 아래 놓여 있는지에 따라 판가름 난다. 대기시간이 근로시간에 해당할 경우, 그것은 근로시간 제한 법제를 적용받는다. 그리고 그 시간은 임금액을 산출하는 시간에 산입된다. 나아가 대기시간 역시 근로자의 과로를 유발하는 요소로 파악된다. 이렇게 대기시간에 근로자가 사용자의 지휘감독 아래 있다는 점 때문에 그 시간 중에는 노동조합 활동이 제한된다. 그런데 대기시간은 전형적인 근로시간에 비해 그 업무 강도가 약한 편이다. 감시․단속적 업무가 그 대표적 예이다. 이 점에서 사용자는 대기시간에 대해 전형적인 근로시간과 동일한 임금을 지급하는 데 거부감이 있다. 법원은 임금 등과 관련하여 포괄임금제의 적용 대상이 된다거나 최저임금액의 예외 사유에 해당한다고 봄으로써 사용자가 전형적인 근로시간에 비해 낮은 임금을 지급하는 것을 정당화하고 있다.

스테로이드 주사를 이용한 이개혈종의 치료

박재율,신승헌,김광훈,이웅렬,박일동,박광헌,마도훈,전일훈 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.2

o-페난트롤린과 옥살례이트를 사용한 바나듐(Ⅳ)의 용매추출

도재범,이철 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1984 環境科學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

바나듐(Ⅳ)의 옥살산 수용액상으로부터 유기 용매상 중의 σ-폐난트롤린에 의한 바나듐(Ⅳ)의 추출실험을 행한 결과 벤젠, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 유기용매에는 바나듐(Ⅳ)이 추출되지 않고 추출율은 낮지만 n-부탄올 용매에서는 녹황색의 안정한 추출물이 얻어졌다. 추술된 화학종의 조성을 일정물 계열법(isomolar series method) 및 평형이동법(equilibrium shift method)에 의하여 검토한 결과 조성비는 바나듐(Ⅳ) :σ-페난트롤린 : 옥살레례이트 : n-부탄올=1 : 1 : 1 : 2인 것으로 나타났다. Extraction of vanadium (Ⅳ) from aqueous oxalic acid solution with σ-phenanthroline in organic solvents has been investigated. It has been obserbed that vanadium (Ⅳ) is extracted partially into n-butanol, giving a stable a greenish-yellow extract but not into other solvents such as benzene, chloroform carbon-tetrachloride etc. The stoichiometry of the vanadium (Ⅳ) complex extracted into n-butanol was determined by isomolar series method and equilibrium shift method and was found to be 1 : 1 : 1 : 2 (vanadium:σ-phenanthroline: oxalate:n-butanol).