백석 시와의 연관성을 통해 본 오장환의 초기시 : 인간을 위한 문학의 옹호와 선택적 부정의 양상

장만호(Jang Man-Ho) 한국시학회 2009 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.25

This paper aims at finding a relationship between Oh Jang-hwan's poetry and Baek Seok's poetry, clarifying Oh Jang-hwan poetry's thematic consciousness, and characterizing the inner logic of Oh Jang-hwan's early poetry. This kind of work helps finding out the logical reasons for the complex aspects of Oh Jang-hwan's early poetry. A desirable poem for Oh Jang-hwan is the one that reveals a poet's emotion, opinions, and visions. The 'sentimentalism' for him is the emotion that a true person has to feel when he confronts with the real life and the natural effect of the contents over the forms. On the one hand, Oh Jang-hwan's criticism for Baek, Seok is caused by this kind of reason. On the other hand, Oh tries to find Baek Seok poetry's good points, the characteristics of returning family and hometown and refinding a value of the present reality and the future directionality. The thematic tendency of Oh Jang-hwan's early poetry is perceiving the past with the present perspective and narrating the past with the vision for future. This kind of tendency is embodied in <Jongga [the head family]>. However, Oh Jang-hwan does not reveal his commentary and critical attitude in the poems depicting the low class whom he empathizes or feels sympathy. This kind of tendency proves that Oh Jang-hwan's critical voice is not his own voice but an intentional one resulted by his poetic theory. The reason why he shows a critical attitude in his many poems in spite of this tendency is that he thinks criticizing the old customs, the false consciousness and the deceptive attitude of the Yangban [the upper class], human alineation of the capitalistic society, and the small businessmen is more important than sympathizing with the lower class. This kind of attitude tells that Oh Jang-hwan does not deny all aspects of the contemporary reality and tradition but negate them selectively differentiating between the objects of negation and the objects of empathy. The reason why the critical poems are more visible than the empathizing poems is that the object of denial is the structure of reality itself.

부정의 아이러니와 환멸의 낭만주의

장만호(Jang Man-ho) 한국비평문학회 2009 批評文學 Vol.- No.32

Oh, Jang-Hwan is the poet who demonstrated the contemporary social reality and its contradictions obviously through his literary practice living through the Japanese colonial period, the emancipation and the division. Oh, Jang-Hwan’s perspective covers such a broad range as the denial of old customs, a firm belief in progress, the criticism on the capitalistic modern urban civilization, a decadent experience of sailing, an ambivalent emotion on his hometown, which is regarded as an exceptionally broad spectrum comparing his contemporary poets. This paper aims at grasping an inner logic that can explain Oh, Jang-Hwan poetry’s heterogeneous and contradictory characteristics, which are produced by its complex and various aspects. The inner logic is the doubleness of Oh, Jang-Hwan’s consciousness of denial, in other words, an irony emergedby negating both reality and self and the attitude of romantic disillusionment. First of all, this paper analyzes that Oh, Jang-Hwan’s consciousness of denial is expressed with the double aspects. Oh, Jang-Hwan is the poet who revealed a strong interest on the social reality. While he wrote poems that sympathize the lives of the low-class, he also created the poems that criticize the social reality. They negate tradition and old customs and criticize their fakeness. When this consciousness of the denial is toward his interiority, Oh, Jang-Hwan’s poems reveal the artificial pose and the decadent aspects. This paper regards the double negation and the contradictory attitude as the conspicuous characteristics of Oh, Jang-Hwan’s early poetry and named it as ‘the Irony of Denial.’ Second, this paper analyzes the characteristics of Oh, Jang-Hwan’s early poetry as the transformation from the romantic disillusionment to lyricism. This paper named this character as the ‘Romantic Disillusionment’ in that the emotions of self disillusionment are expressed with the romantic spaces. The frequent expressions in this early period such as ‘tears,’ ‘regret’, ‘sorrow’, and ‘death’ are the results of the lyric attitude that poetic subject inevitably had to arrive after getting through the disillusionment.

식민과 해방; 두 "탑" 사이의 거리 -발굴 작품을 중심으로 본 오장환의 해방기 시-

장만호 ( Man Ho Jang ) 민족어문학회 2011 어문논집 Vol.- No.64

이 논문은 오장환의 해방기 시문학에 관한 연구이다. 해방 후 발간된 『病든 서울』을 중심으로 한 해방기 시편들과 필자가 새롭게 발굴한 월북 이후 오장환의 시를 통해 해방에서 월북에 이르는 오장환의 시적 이력과 정치적 행보 사이의 연관성을 파악하고자 하였다. 특히 필자가 찾아낸 오장환의 시 「탑」과 번역시 「튀스터-氏」, 한효의 오장환 관련 평문은 해방을 맞이한 순간부터 월북에 걸친 시기의 오장환의 시를 이해하는 데 새로운 시각을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. 오장환은 식민지 시기의 행적에 대한 철저한 자기반성을 일회성의 차원에서가 아니라 지속적으로 수행하고 있었고 이 점에서 오장환의 자기반성은 새롭게 조명될 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 그의 해방기 시편들은 피식민의 역사를 건너 온 한 시인의 자기반성과 머뭇거림을 당대 어느 시인보다 선명하게 보여주고 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 한 ``개아적(個我的) 진정성``을 보여주고 있었다. 월북 후 오장환은 「탑」을 발표하는데 이 시는 식민지 시기 「絶頂의 노래」와 상호 참조적인 성격을 보여주고 있다. 그는 「탑」을 통해 새로운 세계에 대한 희망과 다짐을 노래하였지만 북한 내에서 이 시는 봉건적이며 재래적인 시라는 비판을 받게 된다. 두 시의 대상인 ``탑``의 거리는 오장환 개인에게 있어 피식민의 억압으로부터 새로운 세상을 기약하고자 한 바람의 거리였지만, 해방기 시문학사로 보면 해방기 남과 북, 또는 정치와 시의 거리를 보여주는 것이기도 하다. This paper examines the relationship between Oh, Jang-hwan`s career as a poet and political practices from the liberation to detection to North Korea through his poems of the liberation period in ``Byeong-deun Seoul``(Diseased Seoul) published after the liberation and poems written after his detection to North Korea, newly unearthed by the author. Especially, his poem ``T`ap``(Pagoda) and translated poem ``Mister Twister`` newly unearthed and Han, Hyo`s criticism related to Oh, Jang-hwan are expected to offer new perspectives on the understanding of Oh`s poems. It seems that Oh, Jang-hwan had been thoroughly and consistently reflecting on his whereabouts in the colonial period not as a one-off thing and in this respect, we needs to shed new light on Oh`s self-reflection. His poems in the liberation period much more clearly showed self-reflection and hesitation of a poet who had passed the history of colonized nation than any other poets in that period and displayed ``individual sincerity`` based on this. After detection to North Korea, Oh wrote ``Pagoda``, which showed the cross-referential characteristics with poem ``Song of Zenith`` written in the colonial period. He expressed his hope and promise for a new world in poem ``Pagoda``, however, it was criticized as feudal and conventional in North Korea. To Oh, Jang-hwan, the distance between two ``Pagodas``, objects of poems, was the distance of his hope and promise for a new world, free from the suppression due to the colonization, but it also showed the distance between South and North Korean, or politics and poetry in the liberation period from the perspective of poetic history back then.

Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

Analysis about TV advertisement Expression by the Post-structuralism

Jang,Ho Hyun,Pyo,Hee Chan (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 2006 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2006 No.2

Characteristics of Korean ginseng varieties of Gumpoong, Sunun, Sunpoong, Sunone, Cheongsun, and Sunhyang

Jang-Ho Lee,Joon-Soo Lee,Woo-Saeng Kwon,Je-Yong Kang,Dong-Yun Lee,Jun-Gyo In,Yun-Soo Kim,Jiho Seo,In-Ho Baeg,Il-Moo Chang,Keith Grainger 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an important medicinal herbs in Asia. However, ginsengvarieties are less developed. Method: To developed ginseng varieties, a pure line selection method was applied in this study. Results: Gumpoong was testing of 4-yr-old specimens in 2002, the proportions of the below-groundroots that were rusty colored for Gumpoong was 1.29 in Daejeon and 1.45 in Eumseong, whereas theproportions for its yellow berry variant were 2.60 and 2.45 in the two regions, respectively. Thus theGumpoong was resistant to root rust. Sunpoong has a high yielding property. Its average root weight is70.6 g for 6-yr-old roots. Its yield is 2.9 kg/1.62m2 and the rate of heaven- and earth-grade product is20.9%, which is very high compared to 9.4% for Yunpoong. Sunone is resistance to root rot and thesurvival rate of 4-yr-old roots was 44.4% in 1997, whereas that of the violet-stem variant landrace was21.7%. Sunhyang has content of arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG), which produces the unique scent of redginseng, is 95.1 mmol/g and greater than the 30.8 mmol/g of Chunpoong in 6-yr-old plants. Sunun andCheongsun are being nurtured to protect genetic resources. Conclusion: Developed ginsneg varieties will be used as the basis for the protection of genetic resourcesand breeding. Jang-Ho Lee

신안군 무인도서 생태보전권역 설정에 관한 연구

김장수 ( Jang Soo Kim ),장동호 ( Dong Ho Jang ) 한국사진지리학회 2011 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.20 No.4

이 연구는 무인도서의 생태보존권역 설정을 위하여 지형경관을 평가하고 등급화 하였다. 이를 위해 신안지역에 신안군 지역에 산재한 20개를 현지조사 하였다. 연구결과, 신안군의 무인도서는 절대보전지역(I), 보존지역(II), 준보존지역(III), 이용가능지역(IV)으로 분류할 수 있었다. 그 결과, 절대보전지역(I)으로 평가된 도서는 흑도, 장도, 소룡도, 죽도, 지실도, 하죽도 등 6개이며, 보존지역(II)으로 평가된 도서는 저도, 장구섬, 마도, 인도, 기상도, 송도, 상죽도, 대과도 등 8개이며, 준보존지역(III)으로 평가된 도서는 소장도, 소송도, 안도 등 3개 이며, 이용가능지역(IV)으로 평가된 도서는 소기도, 가학도, 소죽도 등 3개이다. 특히 절대보존지역 및 보존지역으로 선정된 도서는 지형경관 자원이 우수해 훌륭한 자연학습장 또는 야외연구실로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study has evaluated and leveled the geomorphological landscape for the setting of an ecological preservation zone on uninhabited islands. The 20 uninhabited islands, which are scattered around the Sinan-gun region have been surveyed on field. As a result of study, uninhabited island off Shinan-gun was classified the absolute preservation areas(I), preservation areas(II), quasi-preservation areas(III), and a available areas(IV). These results evaluated 6 islands of Heuk-do, Jang-do, Soryong-do, Juk-do, Jisil-do, and Hajuk-do to be absolute preservation areas(I), the 8 islands of Jeo-do, Janggu Island, Ma-do, In-do, Gisang-do, Song-do, Sangjuk-do, and Daegwa-do to be preservation areas(II), the 3 islands of Sojang-do, Sosong-do, and An-do to be quasipreservation areas(III), and the 3 islands of Sogi-do, Gahak-do, and Sojuk-do to be available areas(IV). Those islands selected as absolute preservation areas and preservation areas have especially outstanding geomorphological landscape resources, and are expected to be able for use as natural study fields or as outdoor laboratories.

전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 산업에 따른 효과성 분석

박준호(Park, Jun-Ho),이장우(Lee, Jang-Woo) 한국경영교육학회 2021 경영교육연구 Vol.36 No.1

[연구목적] 지금껏 전직 관료 영입과 기업성과 간의 관계를 다룬 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 하지만, 선행연구들은 서로 다른 연구방법과 연구대상으로 인해 혼재된 결과를 보임으로써 지속적인 의문을 증폭시키고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 두 가지 산업을 비교 분석함으로써 전직 관료 영입과 기업성과 간의 보다 명확한 관계를 관찰하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 연구를 위해 1998년부터 2017년까지 총20년의 연구기간을 선정하고 의약품 및 의료기기 제조업 189개 기업과 화학산업에 포함된 화학물질 및 화학제품 제조업 136개 기업의 데이터를 수집하여 연구를 진행하였다. [연구결과] 연구결과, 취약한 제도적 환경으로 평가되는 의료산업에서는 전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 관찰되었으며 비교적 안정적인 제도 환경으로 평가되는 화학산업에서 전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 유의미한 관계가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 그동안 전직 관료 영입과 기업성과 간의 혼재된 연구결과를 설명하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 특히, 기업이 속해 있는 산업의 제도적 환경에 따라 전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 미치는 영향이 다를 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. [Purpose] So far, various studies have been conducted on the relationship between recruiting former bureaucrats board and corporate performance. However, prior studies have amplified persistent questions by showing mixed results from different methods and subjects. Thus, the study sought to observe a clearer relationship between the two major variables through comparative analysis of two different industries. [Methodology] To fulfill the aim of the research, we covered the corporate performances for 20 years from 1998 to 2017. The data were collected from 189 pharmaceutical/medical companies, and another 136 chemical related companies. [Findings] In the medical industry, which is regarded as a unstable institutional environment, the recruitment of former bureaucrats has been observed to have a positive effect on corporate performance, and in the chemical industry, which is considered to be a relatively stable institutional environment, the recruitment of former officials has no significant relationship to corporate performance. [Implications] The study is expected to contribute to explaining the mixed results of the research between recruiting former bureaucrats and corporate performance. In particular, it suggests that the impact of recruiting former bureaucrats on corporate performance may vary depending on the environment of the industry to which the company belongs.

호서지역 출토 청동기로 본 마한의 대외교류

박장호(Jang ho Park) 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2020 민족문화논총 Vol.74 No.-

호서지역의 마한무덤에서 청동기는 기존의 연구성과에서 천안 청당동 5호에서 출토된 마형대구(馬形帶鉤)가 원삼국시대 청동기를 대표하는 유물로 인식되어 왔다. 최근 조사성과의 증가에 따라 단순히 마형대구만 출토되는 것이 아니라 호형대구(虎形帶鉤)도 출토되고 있으며, 동병철검(銅柄鐵劍)이나 검초금구(劍鞘金具) 등도 확인된다. 현재까지 조사된 청동기는 호서지역에서 생산되기도 하지만 영남지역이나 중국동북지역, 평양일대에서 유래를 찾을 수 있거나 교류를 통하여 직접적으로 수입된 유물 등이 확인된다. 이러한 청동기를 통하여 호서마한은 동물형대구나 별주식 동병철검을 통하여 동남부지역의 진·변한과 청동기 교류가 있었고 그 중 동물형 대구는 선택적으로 수용하여 독자적인 문화로서 만들어가는 양상이 확인된다. 진·변한과의 교류는 청동기뿐 아니라 묘제와 토기, 철기 등도 연계되어 활발한 교류가 있었다는 것을 확인 할 수 있다. 진·변한과의 교류뿐 아니라 중국동북지역이나 평양일대와의 교류가 활발히 이루어 졌음을 확인 할 수 있다. 부여계통으로 추정되는 동병철검이 청주지역에서 확인된다는 점은 호서마한의 대외관계망이 상당히 넓었다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 그렇지만 현재 상황에서 보았을때 길림지역과 직접적인 교류보다는 요령 동부지역과 서북부지역을 통한 간접적인 교류관계가 있었다고 생각하는 것이 타당하게 보인다. 이러한 점은 서산 예천동유적에서 확인되는 철장검이 세형동검문화권역에서 확인되는 검초금구를 사용하고 있다는 점에서 서북부지역과의 교류관계를 나타내는 증거로서 볼 수 있다고 생각하기 때문이다. 현재까지 출토된 청동기를 통하여 호서마한의 대외관계망이 다양한 교류관계를 보여준다고 할 수 있지만, 여러 루트를 통한 교류의 가능성이 확인되었을 뿐이다. 자료 증가를 기대해 본다. In Mahan Tomb in Hoseo-gu, the Bronze Age was recognized as a representative artifact of the Three Kingdoms Period by Ma Hyeong Dae-gu, which was excavated from Cheongdang-dong No. 5 in Cheonan, in its previous research achievements. As the results of the recent survey increase, not only mahjongdaegu is excavated, but also ho-hyeongdaegu is excavated, and Dongbyeong Iron Sword and Geomchum Gum-gu are also confirmed. The bronze ware that has been investigated so far is also produced in Hoseo area, but relics that can be found in the Gyeongsang region, the northern part of China, and the Pyongyang area or directly imported through exchange are identified. Through these bronze ware, there was an exchange between Jin and Byun and Bronze Age in the Yeongnam region through animal types or star stocks bronze swords, and among them, animal-type codfish were selected and made into an independent culture. The exchange with Jin and Byunhan was not only linked to the Bronze Age, but also to the tomb, earthenware, and ironware, which can be confirmed to have been active. It can be confirmed that not only exchanges with Jin and Byunhan, but also exchanges with China, North and South Gyeongsang provinces and Pyongyang areas have been brisk. The fact that the bronze dagger, believed to be of the Buyeo system, was identified in the Cheongju area indicates that the vast network of foreign relations was quite extensive. However, given the current situation, it seems reasonable to think that there were indirect exchanges between the eastern and northwestern regions of the country, rather than direct exchanges with the Gileem region. This is because I believe that the iron swords identified in the Yecheon-dong ruins of Seosan are used as a tool for inspection, which can be found in the Sehyeong-dong Sword Cultural Area, as evidence of exchange with the northwestern region. Although the bronze ware excavated so far shows a wide variety of exchanges, the possibility of exchange through various channels has only been confirmed. I look forward to data growth.

해방기 시의 공간 표상 방식 연구

장만호(Jang Man-ho) 韓國批評文學會 2011 批評文學 Vol.- No.39

이 글은 해방기 시에 형상화된 공간의 양상을 고찰하여 해방기 시문학에 나타나는 공간 표상을 살피고자 하였다. 이를 통해 당대의 현실 상황이 시적 주체의 인식과 상상력을 통해 어떻게 변용되는가를 살펴보고자 한 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 해방공간의 서울은 식민지 시기의 ‘경성’이 지녔던 식민성을 재삼 확인하는 공간이며, 새로운 역사와 국가를 정립해야 하는 시발점으로 인식되었다. 대표적으로 오장환과 임화는 ‘서울’을 과거의 삶에 대한 반성과 ‘다가올 미래’에 대한 실천적 의지의 장으로 표상한다. 그러나 이후 다른 시인들의 시에서 서울은 구체적 공간성을 상실하고 ‘사건’이 발생한 ‘현장’으로 등장하거나 해방된 조선의 당대 현실을 제유하는 것으로 표현된다. 서울이라는 ‘해방기의 중심 공간’은 그 실감과 구체성을 상실하고 사건의 배경으로 등장하거나 하나의 관념적인 대상으로 성립되는 것이다. 서울이라는 공간이 시적 주체들이 삶을 영위하고 사회 · 정치 제도의 변화에 직간접적으로 관여하는 실제적인 공간이었다면 아시아, 소련, 미국 등의 공간은 일정 부분 지리학 및 언론 매체를 통해 습득한 간접 지식을 바탕으로 형상화된 ‘상상’의 공간이라 할 수 있다. 직접 체험하거나 거주하지 못한 장소나 공간을 문학적 대상으로 포섭하고자 할 때 필연적으로 개입되는 것이 시인의 상상력과 그 장소 및 공간의 특징들이다. 이런 점에서 이 공간들은 시적 주체의 상상력과 문화, 문학, 지리, 역사 등 실제 공간에 대한 예비적인 지식과 정치적 지향의 총체라고 할 수 있다. 박인환, 임화, 김기림 등은 아시아, 소련, 미국의 문화적 아이콘들을 호명하고 나열함으로써 해당 국가(공간)을 형상화하고 있는데, 나열의 방식을 통해 공간을 표상한다는 점에서 이 시들의 공간 표상 방식은 다분히 ‘환유적’ 방식에 기대고 있다고 할 수 있다. This paper aims to examine the spatial representation in poems by investigating the aspects of space in poems of the liberation period. Through this, it will look into how the reality of the period was transfigured with perception and imagination of the poetic subject. During the liberation period, Seoul was the space where people reconfirmed coloniality once Kyungseong had and had to be the starting point for the establishment of new history and nation. Oh, Jang-hwan and Im, Hwa represented Seoul as the space of self-reflection of the past life and practical will for the coming future. In poems of other poets after them, however, Seoul lost the concrete spatiality and was described as the site of events or as the synecdoche of the liberated Joseon’s reality. Seoul, the central space of the liberation period, lost its reality and concreteness and was appeared as the background of events or became an ideological object. While Seoul was the real space where poetic subjects lived their lives and directly and indirectly related to the change of social and political systems, Asia, the Soviet Union, the United States of America were imagined spaces formed with indirect knowledge attained through geography and mass media. When spaces or places where the poet has never been to or lived in were to be included into literary world, the poet's imagination and features of the spaces and places are necessarily intervened. In this respect, these spaces could be called as the whole of poetic subjects’ imagination, preliminary knowledges on real space such as culture, literature, geography and history, and political orientation. Park, In-hwan, Im, Hwa, Kim, Gi-rim embodied those nations(spaces) by calling and listing cultural icons of Asia, the Soviet Union and the United States of America. In that they represented spaces with enumeration, the way of spatial representation in their poems seems to be relied upon metonymic method.