The Sun Also Rises on Saigon : Greene's Alden Pyle,America's Edward G.Lansdale,and Hemingway's Robert Cohn

Robert J.Cohn 東亞大學校 大學院 1985 大學院論文集 Vol.10 No.-

본 논문의 1부에서는 Graham Greene이 그의 작품 The Quiet American의 주인공 Alden Pyle을, 1950년대 전반과 중반에 걸쳐 월남에서의 실재인물이며 OSS대원인 Edward G. Landsdale을 어느 정도로 모델로 하였는가를 밝혀보고자 하였다. 특히 중요한 것은 Landsdale과 Trinh minh th?장군과의 관계를 둘러싸고 있는 사실들에 관한 규명이니, 왜냐하면 Greene의 Alden Pyle이 소설속의 Th?장군에게 많은 월남 민간인들을 죽게하였던 테러 폭발 사건에 사용된 플라스틱 폭탄들을 제공하였기 때문이다. 2분에서는 Greene의 The Quiet American의 성격묘사 인물들의 상호관계, 분위기와 mood, 철학과 도덕의 문제, 그리고 문체등과 Hemingway의 The Sun Also Rises와의 유사성을 증명하려고 시도하였다.

Rotator cuff repair: what questions are patients asking online and where are they getting their answers?

Alexander J. Hodakowski,Johnathon R. McCormick,Dhanur Damodar,Matthew R. Cohn,Kyle D. Carey,Nikhil N. Verma,Gregory Nicholson,Grant E Garrigues 대한견주관절학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Background: This study analyzed questions entered online by rotator cuff patients and determined types and quality of websites providing information at the top of queries. Methods: Three strings related to rotator cuff repair were explored in Google Search. The result pages were manually collected under the “People also ask” function for frequent questions and associated webpages. Questions were categorized using Rothwell’s classification with further topical subcategorization. Webpages were evaluated by Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria for source quality. Results: One hundred twenty “People also ask” questions were collected with their associated webpages. Based on the Rothwell classification of questions, queries were thematically organized into fact (41.7%), value (31.7%), and policy (26.7%) categories. The most common webpage categories were academic (28.3%) and medical practice (27.5%). The most common question subcategories were timeline of recovery (21.7%), indications/management (21.7%), and pain (18.3%). The average JAMA score for all 120 webpages was 1.50. Journal articles had the highest average JAMA score (3.77), while commercial websites had the lowest JAMA score (0.91). The most common suggested question for rotator cuff repair/surgery was, “Is rotator cuff surgery worth having?,” while the most common suggested question for rotator cuff repair pain was, “What happens if a rotator cuff is not repaired?” Conclusions: The most common questions asked on Google pertaining to rotator cuff repair evaluate management options and relate to the timeline of recovery and pain management. Most information is provided by medical practice, academic, and medical information websites, which have highly variable reliability. By understanding the questions that rotator cuff repair patients are asking online, surgeons can tailor preoperative education to common patient concerns and improve postoperative outcomes. Level of evidence: IV.

Risk factors for unexpected readmission and reoperation following open procedures for shoulder instability: a national database study of 1,942 cases

John M. Tarazi,Matthew J. Partan,Alton Daley,Brandon Klein,Luke Bartlett,Randy M. Cohn 대한견주관절의학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify demographics and risk factors associated with unplanned 30-day readmission and reoperation following open procedures for shoulder instability and examine recent trends in open shoulder instability procedures. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried using current procedural terminology (CPT) codes 23455, 23460, and 23462 to find patients who underwent shoulder instability surgery from 2015 to 2019. Independent sample Student t-tests and chi-square tests were used in univariate analyses to identify demographic, lifestyle, and perioperative variables related to 30-day readmission following repair for shoulder instability. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was subsequently performed. Results: In total, 1,942 cases of open surgical procedures for shoulder instability were identified. Within our study sample, 1.27% of patients were readmitted within 30 days of surgery, and 0.85% required reoperation. Multivariate logistic regression modeling confirmed that the following patient variables were associated with a statistically significant increase in the odds of readmission: open anterior bone block/Latarjet-Bristow procedure, being a current smoker, and a long hospital stay (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression modeling confirmed statistically significant increased odds of reoperation with an open anterior bone block or Latarjet-Bristow procedure (P<0.05). Conclusions: Unplanned 30-day readmission and reoperation after open shoulder instability surgery is infrequent. Patients who are current smokers, have an open anterior bone block or Latarjet-Bristow procedure, or a longer than average hospital stay have higher odds of readmission than others. Patients who undergo an open anterior bone block or Latarjet-Bristow procedure have higher odds of reoperation than those who undergo an open soft-tissue procedure.

Photometric redshift requirements for lens galaxies in galaxy–galaxy lensing analyses

Nakajima, R.,Mandelbaum, R.,Seljak, U.,Cohn, J. D.,Reyes, R.,Cool, R. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.420 No.4

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Weak gravitational lensing is a valuable probe of galaxy formation and cosmology. Here we quantify the effects of using photometric redshifts (photo‐<I>z</I>) in galaxy–galaxy lensing, for both sources and lenses, both for the immediate goal of using galaxies with photo‐<I>z</I> as lenses in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and as a demonstration of methodology for large, upcoming weak lensing surveys that will by necessity be dominated by lens samples with photo‐<I>z</I>. We calculate the bias in the lensing mass calibration as well as consequences for absolute magnitude (i.e. <I>k</I>‐corrections) and stellar mass estimates for a large sample of SDSS Data Release 8 (DR8) galaxies. The redshifts are obtained with the template‐based photo‐<I>z</I> code <SMALL>zebra</SMALL> on the SDSS DR8 <I>ugriz</I> photometry. We assemble and characterize the calibration samples (∼9000 spectroscopic redshifts from four surveys) to obtain photometric redshift errors and lensing biases corresponding to our full SDSS DR8 lens and source catalogues. Our tests of the calibration sample also highlight the impact of observing conditions in the imaging survey when the spectroscopic calibration covers a small fraction of its footprint; atypical imaging conditions in calibration fields can lead to incorrect conclusions regarding the photo‐<I>z</I> of the full survey.</P><P>For the SDSS DR8 catalogue, we find σ<SUB>Δ<I>z</I>/(1+<I>z</I>)</SUB>= 0.096 and 0.113 for the lens and source catalogues, with flux limits of <I>r</I>= 21 and 21.8, respectively. The photo‐<I>z</I> bias and scatter is a function of photo‐<I>z</I> and template types, which we exploit to apply photo‐<I>z</I> quality cuts. By using photo‐<I>z</I> rather than spectroscopy for lenses, dim blue galaxies and <I>L</I><SUB>*</SUB> galaxies up to <I>z</I>∼ 0.4 can be used as lenses, thus expanding into unexplored areas of parameter space. We also explore the systematic uncertainty in the lensing signal calibration when using source photo‐<I>z</I>, and both lens and source photo‐<I>z</I>; given the size of existing training samples, we can constrain the lensing signal calibration (and therefore the normalization of the surface mass density) to within 2 and 4 per cent, respectively.</P>

Risk factors for unexpected admission following arthroscopic and open treatment of shoulder instability: a national database study of 11,230 cases

Joshua Giordano,John M. Tarazi,Matthew J. Partan,Randy M. Cohn 대한견주관절학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Background: Shoulder instability procedures have low morbidity; however, complications can arise that result in readmission to an inpatient healthcare facility. The purpose of this study is to identify the demographics and risk factors associated with unplanned 30-day readmission and reoperation following arthroscopic and open treatment for shoulder instability. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried to find patients who underwent shoulder instability surgery from 2015 to 2019. Independent sample Student t-tests, chi-square, and (where appropriate) Fisher’s exact tests were used in univariate analyses to identify demographic, lifestyle, and peri-operative variables related to 30-day readmission and reoperation following repair for shoulder instability. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was subsequently performed. Results: Of the 11,230 cases included in our sample, only 0.54% were readmitted, and 0.23% underwent reoperation within the 30-day postoperative period. Multivariate logistic regression modeling confirmed that the following patient variables were associated with statistically significantly increased odds of readmission and reoperation: open repair, congestive heart failure (CHF), and hospital length of stay. Conclusions: Unplanned 30-day readmission and reoperation after shoulder instability surgery is infrequent. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists class II, CHF, longer than average hospital length of stay, or an open procedure have higher odds of readmission than patients without those factors. Patients who have CHF, longer than average hospital length of stay, and open surgery have higher odds of reoperation than others. Arthroscopic procedures should be used to manage shoulder instability, if possible. Surgeons should explain the risks and benefits of each intervention taking individual patient risk factors into account because comorbidities can also increase the risk of adverse outcomes. Level of evidence: III

A critical role of SHP-1 in regulation of type 2 inflammation in the lung.

Oh, Sun Young,Zheng, Tao,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Cohn, Lauren,Homer, Robert J,McKenzie, Andrew N J,Zhu, Zhou The Association 2009 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR Vol.40 No.5

<P>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Type 2 T helper (Th) cell-dominated inflammation in the lung is a hallmark of asthma. Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1 is a negative regulator in the signaling pathways of many growth factor and cytokine receptors. However, a direct role of SHP-1 in the IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathway has not been established. In this study, we sought to define the function of SHP-1 in the lung by characterizing the pulmonary inflammation of viable motheaten (mev) mice, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. Pulmonary histology, physiology, and cytokine expression of mev mice were analyzed to define the nature of the inflammation, and the gene-deletion approach was used to identify critical molecules involved. In mev mice, we observed spontaneous Th2-like inflammatory responses in the lung, including eosinophilia, mucus metaplasia, airway epithelial hypertrophy, pulmonary fibrosis, and increased airway resistance and airway hyperresponsiveness. The pulmonary phenotype was accompanied by up-regulation of Th2 cytokines and chemokines. Selective deletion of IL-13 or signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, key genes in the Th2 signaling pathway, significantly reduced, but did not completely eliminate, the inflammation in the lung. These findings suggest that SHP-1 plays a critical role in regulating the IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathway and in maintaining lung homeostasis.</P>

Role of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39)/chitinase 3-like-1 in Th2 and IL-13–induced tissue responses and apoptosis

Lee, Chun Geun,Hartl, Dominik,Lee, Gap Ryol,Koller, Barbara,Matsuura, Hiroshi,Da Silva, Carla A.,Sohn, Myung Hyun,Cohn, Lauren,Homer, Robert J.,Kozhich, Alexander A.,Humbles, Alison,Kearley, Jennifer The Rockefeller University Press 2009 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.206 No.5

<P>Mouse breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39; Chi3l1) and its human homologue YKL-40 are chitinase-like proteins that lack chitinase activity. Although YKL-40 is expressed in exaggerated quantities and correlates with disease activity in asthma and many other disorders, the biological properties of BRP-39/YKL-40 have only been rudimentarily defined. We describe the generation and characterization of BRP-39<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice, YKL-40 transgenic mice, and mice that lack BRP-39 and produce YKL-40 only in their pulmonary epithelium. Studies of these mice demonstrated that BRP-39<SUP>−/−</SUP> animals have markedly diminished antigen-induced Th2 responses and that epithelial YKL-40 rescues the Th2 responses in these animals. The ability of interleukin13 to induce tissue inflammation and fibrosis was also markedly diminished in the absence of BRP-39. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that BRP-39 and YKL-40 play an essential role in antigen sensitization and immunoglobulin E induction, stimulate dendritic cell accumulation and activation, and induce alternative macrophage activation. These proteins also inhibit inflammatory cell apoptosis/cell death while inhibiting Fas expression, activating protein kinase B/AKT, and inducing Faim 3. These studies establish novel regulatory roles for BRP-39/YKL-40 in the initiation and effector phases of Th2 inflammation and remodeling and suggest that these proteins are therapeutic targets in Th2- and macrophage-mediated disorders.</P>