Sight Translation and Written Translation. A Comparative Analysis of Causes of Problems, Strategies and Translation Errors within the PACTE Translation Competence Model

Amparo Jimenez IVARS 한국통역번역학회 2009 FORUM Vol.6 No.2

Sight Translation and Written Translation. A Comparative Analysis of Causes of Problems, Strategies and Translation Errors within the PACTE Translation Competence Model

( Amparo Jimenez Ivars ) 한국통역번역학회 2008 FORUM Vol.6 No.2

Nous presentons ici une etude exploratoire et empirique de certains aspects du processus oral et ecrit de la traduction a l`interieur de ce qui construit la competence traductrice.L`objectif est double : la recherche d`essais d`habilites specifiques de la competence traductrice dans des taches de traduction et la comparaison des donnees obtenues en traduction a vue et en traduction ecrite afin de verifier empiriquement si la traduction a vue peut etre consideree en tant que modalite d`interpretation. L`experience s`est appuyee sur un echantillon de 22 etudiants de Traduction et Interpretation inscrits en derniere annee universitaire, une fois passes leurs examens finaux.Les taches ont consiste en une traduction a vue et une autre ecrite du meme texte et, ensuite, cet echantillon d`etudiants a repondu a un questionnaire retrospectif sur les causes des problemes de traduction et les strategies employees pour resoudre ceux-ci. Pour la revision des traductions, trois criteres ont ete etablis: non-sens, faux-sens et contre-sens. Les resultats demontrent des differences qualitatives et quantitatives selon les problemes, les causes et les strategies employees. La quantite d` strategies detectee etait superieure dans la traduction a vue. Les resultats qualitatifs ont ete fructueusement incorpores au modele theorique de la competence traductrice du groupe PACTE. Il a egalement ete observe que les composantes psychophysiologiques presentent plus d`incidence en traduction a vue, tel qu`il arrive dans les modalites de l`interpretariat. La competence du transfert ayant trait a la re-expression est plus relevante dans la traduction ecrite.

La Perforación en la Trama del Poder

Jorge Daniel Ivars 한국라틴아메리카학회 2015 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.28 No.3

In this article we explain how groundwater is part of the network of power in the oasis of the Mendoza River in Argentina. Firstly, we briefly describe the hydrological and social characteristics of the Mendoza oasis. Next, we analyze the water extraction mechanisms and the use of groundwater in the drylands and how it fits into the fabric of social power. The great importance of drilling is analyzed through data provided from detailed ethnographic work, to show how this technology makes a huge difference in the drylands. Drilling is a central element of differential positioning and social exclusion devices because it can articulate a complex network of positions and provisions of social agents in the network of power.

오존의 연직 광화학반응 모델

김유근,이화운,문윤섭,Ivar S. A. Isaken 한국기상학회 1999 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.-

Plasmid Dimerization Increases the Production of Hepatitis B Core Particles in E. coli

Ieva Berza,Andris Dishlers,Ivars Petrovskis,Kaspars Tars,Andris Kazaks 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.5

Due to their icosahedral structure with a high density of B- and T-cell epitopes, hepatitis B virus (HBV)core (HBc) particles are used as components of novel anti-HBV vaccines. Previous experiments demonstrated that C-terminally truncated HBV core (HBcΔ) proteins,which lack the polyarginine domain, were produced more efficiently in E. coli compared with full-length HBc. We have established a tryptophan operon promoter-directed high-level production system of 145 amino acid HBcΔ(HBc145); however, the level of HBc145 synthesis varied among individual subclones. Further investigation revealed that the subclones exhibiting higher HBc145 synthesis also demonstrated plasmid dimerization, leading to HBc145yields that were 60 ~ 65% (mg/g) or 25 ~ 30% (mg/L)higher compared to clones containing a monomeric plasmid. These data were confirmed in at least three independent expression and purification events. Although plasmid dimerization is generally considered to inhibit plasmid stability in a growing cell population, it was found to have a positive effect on HBc145 synthesis and production in both Trp-deficient and Trp-rich media. This finding should be considered when planning large-scale production of HBc145.

Occupation and mesothelioma in Sweden: updated incidence in men and women in the 27 years after the asbestos ban

Nils Plato,Jan Ivar Martinsen,Pär Sparén,Gunnar Hillerdal,Elisabete Weiderpass 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-

OBJECTIVES: We updated the Swedish component of the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) Study through 2009 in order to investigate the incidence of mesothelioma of the peritoneum and pleura in both genders, and explored occupational exposures that may be associated with mesothelioma. METHODS: The Swedish component of the NOCCA Study includes 6.78 million individuals. Data from this cohort were linked to the population-based Swedish Cancer Registry and Swedish Total Population Registry for three periods between 1961 and 2009, and then further linked to the Swedish NOCCA job-exposure matrix, which includes 25 carcinogenic substances and the corresponding exposure levels for 280 occupations. Multivariate analysis was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for mesothelioma of the peritoneum and pleura by gender, occupational category, carcinogenic substance, and for multiple occupational exposures simultaneously. RESULTS: A total of 3,716 incident mesotheliomas were recorded (21.1% in women). We found a significantly increased risk of mesothelioma in 24 occupations, as well as clear differences between the genders. Among men, increased risks of mesothelioma of the pleura were observed in male-dominated occupations, with the greatest elevation of risk among plumbers (SIR, 4.99; 95% confidence interval, 4.20 to 5.90). Among women, increased risks were observed in sewing workers, canning workers, packers, cleaners, and postal workers. In multivariate analysis controlling for multiple occupational exposures, significant associations were only observed between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma. CONCLUSIONS: Asbestos exposure was associated with mesothelioma incidence in our study. The asbestos ban of 1982 has yet to show any clear effect on the occurrence of mesothelioma in this cohort. Among women, the occupations of canning workers and cleaners showed increased risks of mesothelioma of the pleura without evidence of asbestos exposure.

A review on the joining of SiC for high‑temperature applications

Dang‑Hyok Yoon,Ivar E. Reimanis 한국세라믹학회 2020 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.57 No.3

A review on the joining of SiC is given in response to the interest surge on this material for a number of applications. Because the engineering design for the majority of applications requires complicated shapes, there has been a strong demand for the development of reliable joining techniques for SiC, especially for high-temperature applications. However, the joining of SiC-based materials is inherently difficult because of the high degree of covalent bonding in SiC and the low self-diffusivity. This review discusses basic mechanisms and properties of the SiC joining techniques developed to date; they are divided into eight different categories. In addition, critical assessment is given for each technique in the context of high-temperature application (≥ 1000 °C). Finally, comments are provided for the use of these techniques in advanced nuclear reactors where stringent irradiation stability under neutron irradiation as well as hermeticity and joint strength are required.

국외논문정보 - 소방관과 암 발생

Pukkala, Eero,Martinsen, Jan Ivar,Weidepass, Elisabete,Kjaerheim, Kristina,Lynge, Elsebeth,Tryggvadottir, Laufey,Sparen, Par,Demers, Paul A 대한산업보건협회 2014 산업보건 Vol.319 No.-

Hepatotoxicity Induced by Microcystin-LR in Rat

Bumseok Kim,Jae Woo Cho,Hyuk Nyun Kwon,Ivar Blank,Irina Borisova,Sohail Ejaz,Irina Chekarova,Jungkee Kwon,Chae Woong Lim 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.4

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin mainly produced by Microcystis aeruginosa. The current study examined the effects of a single intraperitoneal dose of MC-LR in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with MC-LR (100 ㎍/㎏ body weight) and they were sacrificed at 0, 20, 40, 80, 160 min, or 12 h after injection. Clinically, animals showed lethargy and had ruffled hair beginning at 40 min post injection. In the gross findings, liver was enlarged and its color was changed into dark red beginning at 40 min post injection. Microscopically, dissociation of centrilobular hepatocytes and hemorrhage was observed in the hepatic central regions and such pathological changes were then extended to the portal regions of liver by time course manner. Interestingly at 80 min after MC-LR injection, the entrapped eosinophilic materials that may be necrotic fragments of dissociated hepatocytes were found in the capillaries of lung and renal glomerulus. Ultrastructurally, microvilli of the hepatocytes were disrupted or lost at all time points. Furthermore, the Disse space and gap junctions were widened beginning at 40 min post injection. These results suggest that liver is the major target organ of MC-LR and isolated hepatocytes by the effects of such hepatotoxin may secondarily reduce the physiological function of lung and kidney.

Workplace Diesel Exhausts and Gasoline Exposure and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Four Nordic Countries

Madar Talibov,Jorma Sormunen,Elisabete Weiderpass,Kristina Kjaerheim,Jan-Ivar Martinsen,Per Sparen,Laufey Tryggvadottir,Johnni Hansen,Eero Pukkala 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.2

Background: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: This caseecontrol study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cases and controls were identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study cohort and matched for country, birth year, and sex. Diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure values were assigned by country-specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work and occupational exposure to benzene, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromium, and wood dust. Results: Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio ¼ 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.08). Gasoline exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Conclusion: This study showed a small risk increase for rectal cancer after workplace diesel exhaust exposure. However, this finding could be due to chance, given the limitations of the study.