Three Hybrid Japanese Joyceans: Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Sei Ito and Haruki Murakami

( Eishiro Ito ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2012 제임스조이스저널 Vol.18 No.2

In Japan, many novelists, especially naturalistic writers, have struggled to show their originality and have written novels dealing with the author`s private life or using autobiographical details since the early twentieth century. In Japan, since the introduction of Joyce by Yonejiro Noguchi in 1918, many ambitious novelists, including the first Korean modernist writer Taewon Park, were influenced by Joyce`s innovative narrative technique, styles and methods of Modernism while they also learned how to write fictions with the autobiographical elements from him. Akutagawa left a memorandum in which he confessed how he was shocked with Joyce`s narrative method used in the first chapter of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Ito began to struggle to translate the whole text of Ulysses into Japanese soon after reading it. Probably their reactions to Joyce`s works were not unusual for Japanese novelists at that time. Haruki Murakami is different from the two precursors in that reading Japanese translations of foreign novels affected his style in Japanese. Japanese Joycean writers have learned or borrowed some literary techniques from Marcel Proust and Joyce; especially, the interior monologue and the stream-of- consciousness. However, none of the three Japanese writers seem to have succeeded to use those techniques. It is noted that both Akutagawa and Ito were influenced by Irish literature, characteristically first by Yeats` poetry and then by Joyce`s novels. Both learned Romantic poetry and then transitioned to write fictions starting autobiographical novels like Joyce. Although Murakami has a more complicated literary background than these two writers, he is also influenced by Proust and nineteenth-century European writers as well as American hard-boiled writers. For these three hybrid Japanese writers, James Joyce is a very provocative writer. They enthusiastically learned Western literature and tried to compound the elements of traditional Japanese literature and Western literature to create their hybrid literature.

일본어교육 교과서의 접속조사 “ト”의 조건표현 -만화, 평론, 일본어교육 교과서 용례 비교로부터-

이토사치코 ( Ito Sachiko ) 한국일본어교육학회 2016 日本語敎育 Vol.0 No.75

This study is based on two preceding studies on the usage of conjunctive particle “TO” in spoken language (Ito, 2007) and in written language (Ito, 2006), and aimed to verify the validity of example sentences in Japanese language education textbooks (“The Textbooks”), focusing on example sentences of the usage of “TO”. By comparing the characteristics of “TO” which are newly extracted from The Textbooks and that of “TO” in these preceding studies. The study was conducted by extracting example sentences of “TO” from various publications: 732 examples from comic books, 609 from critic essays, and 403 from The Textbooks (“Three Materials”). Extracted examples were classified into 36 classifications and observed. As a result of this study, three common characteristics of “TO” were observed in all Three Materials (comic books, critic essays, and The Textbooks). Firstly, there is a cause-and-result relationship between the clauses before and after “TO”. Secondly, most of the example sentences from Three Materials end with present tense. Thirdly, when an example sentence ends with present tense, in most of the case the example sentence shows “general conditions” (Suzuki, 1986), in another words, the sentence described a general nature which does not change by repetition. This results verified the validity of the example sentences in The Textbook, in terms of the basic characteristics of “TO”. This study also pointed out that more of example sentences of the usage of “TO” in the current Japanese language education textbooks are in the form of written language, rather than spoken language.

Local Bifurcation and Instability Theory Applied to Formability Analysis

B.D. Buco,M.C. Oliveira,J.L. Alves,L.F. Menezes,K. Ito,N. Mori 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6

Sheet metal forming components are typically studied with the aid of finite element method based virtual tryout tools, since they allow to save money, time and effort in the design, production and process set-up of deep drawn parts. In all these development phases the analysis of defects is performed with the aid of the material forming limit diagram (FLD), since it allows defining a safe region that reduces: (i) necking; (ii) wrinkling and (iii) large deformation occurrence. It is known that the FLD represented in the strain space presents some disadvantages. The local bifurcation criterion proposed by Ito and Goya defines the critical state for a local bifurcation to set in, as a function of the stress level to work-hardening rate ratio. Thus, the main advantage is that the FLD represented in the stress plane is completely objective [1]. In this work the Ito and Goya model is used to evaluate formability, as well fracture mode and direction along different strain paths: (i) uniaxial tension; (ii) equibiaxial stretch; and (iii) plane-strain. All numerical simulations are performed with the in-house code DD3IMP [2, 3] and NXT [4] in which the Ito and Goya model is implemented, is applied to analyze the results.

Influence of Surface Morphology and Substrate on Thermal Stability and Desorption Behavior of Octanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers: Cu, Ag, and Au

Ito, Eisuke,Ito, Hiromi,Kang, Hungu,Hayashi, Tomohiro,Hara, Masahiko,Noh, Jaegeun American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.116 No.33

<P>The formation and thermal desorption behaviors of octanethiol (OT) SAMs on single crystalline Au(111) and polycrystalline Au, Ag, and Cu substrates were examined by X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and contact angle (CA) measurements. XPS and CA measurements revealed that the adsorption of OT molecules on these metals led to the formation of chemisorbed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Three main desorption fragments for dioctyl disulfide (C8SSC8<SUP>+</SUP>, dimer), octanethiolate (C8S<SUP>+</SUP>), and octanethiol (C8SH<SUP>+</SUP>) were monitored using TDS to understand the effects of surface morphology and the nature of metal substrates on the thermal desorption behavior of alkanethiols. TDS measurements showed that a sharp dimer peak with a very strong intensity on single crystalline Au(111) surface was dominantly observed at 370 K, whereas a broad peak on the polycrystalline Au surface was observed at 405 K. On the other hand, desorption behaviors of octanethiolates and octanethiols were quite similar. We concluded that substrate morphology strongly affects the dimerization process of alkanethiolates on Au surfaces. We also found that desorption intensity of the dimer is in the order of Au ≫ Ag > Cu, suggesting that the dimerization process occurs efficiently when the sulfur–metal bond has a more covalent character (Au) rather than an ionic character (Ag and Cu). The relative desorption intensity of the octanethiolates to the octanethiols follows the order of bond strength, Cu > Au > Ag. Alkanethiolates may be a dominant desorption product as metal–sulfur bonds become stronger. In this study, we clearly demonstrate that the thermal stability and desorption behaviors of alkanethiol SAMs are strongly influenced by the surface morphologies of metal substrates, bonding character of the sulfurs, the bond strength of metal–sulfur, and van der Waals interactions. Our results provide new insights into understanding the thermal stability and desorption behaviors of alkanethiols on Au, Ag, and Cu surfaces.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-33/jp3041204/production/images/medium/jp-2012-041204_0008.gif'></P>

Evaluation of the Association between Neck Pain and the Trapezius Muscles in Patients with Cervical Myelopathy Using Motor Evoked Potential: A Retrospective Study

Ito Sadayuki,Sakai Yoshihito,Harada Atsushi,Ando Kei,Kobayashi Kazuyoshi,Nakashima Hiroaki,Machino Masaaki,Kambara Shunsuke,Inoue Taro,Hida Tetsuro,Ito Kenyu,Ishiguro Naoki,Imagama Shiro 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: We aimed to use motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to examine the association of electrophysiological assessment of the trapezius muscle with neck pain. Overview of Literature: Previous reports on the association of neck pain with the trapezius muscle have focused on surface electromyograms and muscle oxygenation; however, to our knowledge, none of these studies included detailed data on MEPs. Methods: The study included 100 patients with cervical myelopathy who underwent surgery at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Obu, Japan from June 2010 to March 2013. Before the surgery, neck pain was evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (a score ≥50 indicated neck pain and a score <50 indicated no neck pain). The preoperative cross-sectional areas of the trapezius muscles were measured with cervical magnetic resonance imaging sagittal T2-weighted images. Cranial stimulation under general anesthesia was used to derive the MEPs, enabling the measurement of latency and amplitude, using preoperative MEPs of the trapezius muscles. Results: The MEP of the trapezius muscle in patients with neck pain had significantly shorter latencies than those in patients who did not have neck pain. However, there was no significant difference in the amplitude between patients with and without neck pain. However, this tended to be greater in patients with neck pain as compared to that in those without neck pain. The cross-sectional area of the trapezius muscle in patients with neck pain was significantly smaller than that in those who did not have neck pain. Conclusions: MEPs revealed electrophysiological abnormalities of the trapezius muscles in patients with neck pain, supporting a relationship of neck pain with the trapezius muscles.

A New Species of the Genus Orthotrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Korea

Ito, Tomiko,Park, Sun Jin The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 2016 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.32 No.3

In the family Hydroptilidae, Trichoptera, 11 species in 3 genera, Hydroptila Dalman, 1819, Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 and Stactobia McLachlan, 1880, have been recorded from the Korean Peninsula but, until now, no species in the genus Orthotrichia Eaton, 1873. In this paper, we describe a new Korean species, Orthotrichia coreana sp. nov., based on adult specimens from the middle reaches of rivers in the southern region of the peninsula. This species is similar to O. iriomotensis Ito, 2013 from the southernmost region of Japan, but is clearly discriminated from the latter by features of the male and female genitalia.

Covert generalizations in Optimality Theory: the role of stratal faithfulness constraints

Junko Ito,Armin Mester 한국음운론학회 2001 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.7 No.2

Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. 2001. Covert generalizations in Optimalitv Theory: the role of stratal faithfulness constraints. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 7.2. 273-299. Is it possible for a phonological generalization to persist even when it has ceased to hold of the whole lexicon? We show how the basic architecture of Optimality Theory (OT) imposes a subset organization on lexical inventories, which manifests itself in lexically covert generalizations. The central predictions flow directly from the core tenets of OT, namely, that all grammatical constraints are ranked in a strict order of preference and are in principle violable, with violation always minimized in winning outputs. On the empirical side, we review the evidence for subset organization in the lexical inventories of real languages, focusing on grammar-induced entailment relations between nativization phenomena that other approaches fail to predict. On this foundation, we build a general optimality theoretic model of the phonological lexicon that accommodates the familiar differences between strata - including, but not limited to, the distinction between native words and loanwords - within a unitary constraint system and correctly predicts the existence of a core-periphery structure in the lexicon, without additional assumptions and mechanisms. Formally speaking, our proposal reduces to the claim that stratum-specific input-output faithfulness is both necessary and sufficient (i) to account for the stratal organization of a language's lexicon and (ii) to capture higher-level entailment relations between nativization effects. (University of California, Santa Cruz)

Association between Postoperative Neck Pain and Intraoperative Transcranial Motor-Evoked Potential Waveforms of the Trapezius Muscles in Patients with Cervical Myelopathy Who Underwent Cervical Laminoplasty

Ito Sadayuki,Sakai Yoshihito,Ando Kei,Nakashima Hiroaki,Machino Masaaki,Segi Naoki,Tomita Hiroyuki,Koshimizu Hiroyuki,Hida Tetsuro,Ito Kenyu,Harada Atsushi,Imagama Shiro 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.2

Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: Cervical laminoplasty is safe and effective for treating cervical myelopathy but has a higher frequency of postoperative axial pain compared to other methods. Several studies have reported on the causes of postoperative axial pain, but none have fully elucidated them. This study aimed to investigate the association between postoperative neck pain and intraoperative transcranial motor-evoked potential (MEP) waveforms of the trapezius muscles using transcranial MEPs.Overview of Literature: Few studies have investigated the association between postoperative neck pain and intraoperative transcranial MEP waveforms of the trapezius muscles in patients with cervical laminoplasty.Methods: A total of 79 patients with cervical myelopathy who underwent cervical laminoplasty at our facility between June 2010 and March 2013 were included in this study. Intraoperative control and final waveform were evaluated based on the trapezius muscle MEPs by measuring the latency and amplitude. A neck pain group comprised patients with higher neck pain Visual Analog Scale scores from preoperative value to 1 year postoperatively. The cross-sectional areas of the trapezius muscles and the MEP latencies and amplitudes were compared between patients with and without neck pain.Results: The latency and amplitude of the control waveforms were not significantly different between groups. The neck pain group had a significantly shorter final waveform latency (neck pain: 23.6±2.5, no neck pain: 25.8±4.5; p =0.019) and significantly larger amplitude (neck pain: 2,125±1,077, no neck pain: 1,630±966; p =0.041) than the no neck pain group.Conclusions: Postoperative neck pain was associated with the final waveform latency and amplitude of the trapezius muscle MEPs during cervical laminoplasty. Intraoperative electrophysiological trapezius muscle abnormalities could cause postoperative neck pain.

Runx3 expression in gastrointestinal tract epithelium: resolving the controversy

Ito, K,Inoue, K-i,Bae, S-C,Ito, Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 Oncogene Vol.28 No.10

We reported earlier that RUNX3 is expressed in human and mouse gastrointestinal tract (GIT) epithelium and that it functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric and colorectal tissues. However, there have been conflicting reports describing the absence of Runx3 in GIT epithelial cells. A part of the controversy may be derived from the use of a specific antibody by other groups (referred to as G-poly). Here, we show further evidence to support our earlier observations and provide a possible explanation for this apparent controversy. We generated multiple anti-RUNX3 monoclonal antibodies and found that RUNX3 antibodies recognizing the RUNX3 N-terminal region (residues 1–234) react with RUNX3 in gastric epithelial cells, whereas those recognizing the C-terminal region (beyond residue 234) did not. G-poly primarily recognizes the region beyond 234 and hence, is unable to detect Runx3 in this tissue.Oncogene (2009) 28, 1379–1384; doi:10.1038/onc.2008.496; published online 26 January 2009

Step-by-Step Sublaminar Approach With a Newly-Designed Spinal Endoscope for Unilateral-Approach Bilateral Decompression in Spinal Stenosis

Fujio Ito,Zenya Ito,Motohide Shibayama,Shu Nakamura,Minoru Yamada,Hideki Yoshimatu,Mikinobu Takeuchi,Kenzo Shimizu,Yasushi Miura 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.1

Objective: Spinal stenosis is increasingly common due to population aging. In elderly patients with lumbar central canal stenosis (LCCS), minimizing muscle damage and bone resection is particularly important. We performed a step-by-step operation with a newly designed spinal endoscope to obtain adequate decompression in patients with spinal stenosis. Methods: From April 2015 to August 2016, 78 patients (48 males, 30 females) with LCCS (91 segments) underwent endoscopic decompression using a newly designed endoscope system. The inclusion criteria were: (1) neurogenic intermittent claudication with or without radiculopathy, (2) LCCS, and (3) having exhausted conservative treatment (>3 months). The exclusion criteria were: (1) >10° of instability, (2) spondylolisthesis grade II or greater according to the Meyerding criteria, (3) foraminal stenosis, (4) vascular intermittent claudication, (5) infection, and (6) stenosis combined with malignancy. We performed a step-by-step procedure using a newly designed endoscope system for unilateral-approach bilateral decompression. We used the same incision for 2–3 segments, only moving the skin. Results: The mean follow-up was 2.3±1.3 years. Excellent or good results were found according to the MacNab criteria in 85.9% of cases (67 of 78). The visual analogue scale, Japanese Orthopedic Association score, and Oswestry Disability Index showed significant decreases at 1 month, persisting until the 2-year follow-up. Dural tear occurred in 4 cases (5.1%), and patch repair was performed under endoscopy. No patients experienced aggravated instability requiring surgery. Conclusion: We obtained good results with endoscopic decompression surgery using a newly designed instrument that minimized muscle and bone damage in elderly patients with spinal stenosis.