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Saad, Norazalina,Esa, Norhaizan Mohd,Ithnin, Hairuszah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5
Background: Phytic acid (PA) is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that can be found in high amounts in most cereals, legumes, nut oil, seeds and soy beans. It has been suggested to play a significant role in inhibition of colorectal cancer. This study was conducted to investigate expression changes of ${\beta}$-catenin and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cell proliferation in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence after treatment with rice bran PA by immunocytochemistry. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 equal groups with 12 rats in each group. For cancer induction two intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (AOM) were given at 15 mg/kg bodyweight over a 2-weeks period. During the post initiation phase, two different concentrations of PA, 0.2% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v) were administered in the diet. Results: Results of ${\beta}$-catenin, COX-2 expressions and cell proliferation of Ki-67 showed a significant contribution in colonic cancer progression. For ${\beta}$-catenin and COX-2 expression, there was a significant difference between groups at p<0.05. With Ki-67, there was a statistically significant lowering the proliferating index as compared to AOM alone (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation (p=0.01) was noted between COX-2 expression and proliferation. Total ${\beta}$-catenin also demonstrated a significant positive linear relationship with total COX-2 (p=0.044). Conclusions: This study indicated potential value of PA extracted from rice bran in reducing colonic cancer risk in rats.
Abdul Rahman Hasbullah,Rahman Md. Mujibur,Yahya Wira Jazair,Kaonain Tamanna E.,Abd Kadir Hasannuddin,Tamam Mohamad Qayyum Mohd,Ithnin Ahmad Muhsin,Ahmad Fauzan,Abdullah Mohd Fareez Edzuan,Noge Hirofum 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.5
Water-in-diesel emulsion fuel has become a popular alternative fuel for diesel engines. The main limitation is related to its stability, whereby it relies heavily on surfactants to remain homogeneous, therefore causing production costs to rise. This paper highlights the application of real-time non-surfactant emulsion fuel supply system (RTES), a water/diesel emulsifying device without surfactants, to produce water-in-diesel emulsion fuel in a common rail direct injection diesel engine powered vehicle. In this study, RTES was installed near to the diesel fuel pump to ensure water-in-diesel emulsions were continuously fed to the engine. The test vehicle was set up on a roller dynamometer and operated following a modified West Virginia University (WVU) 5-Peak cycle. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions were measured to determine the optimum water percentage of emulsion fuel and suitable timing for emulsion fuel to be introduced into the fuelling system based on the vehicle speed. The results revealed that the optimum water percentage of the emulsion fuel for the test vehicle is 10 wt%, as it was capable to reduce fuel consumption as well as nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions of a common rail direct injection diesel engine powered vehicle.