은어의 문화정치학과 만주국 문학

봉인영 ( Bong¸ Inyoung ) 서울시립대학교 도시인문학연구소 2021 도시인문학연구 Vol.13 No.2

만주국(1932-1945)이 건국된 1932년에 출판법이 제정되어 시행되었고, 그 여파로 검열 체제는 마이크로 층위에서도 작동하여, 문화 및 문학 생산에 직접적으로 영향을 끼쳤다. 중국 작가들은 일제에 저항하는 목소리를 낼 수 없는 상황에 처하여, 은어, 즉 특정한 하위문화(subcultures) 그룹에서 사용하는 암호화된 언어로 표현할 수 없는 것을 표현하기 위하여 분투하였다. 은어(argot)에 관한 연구는 현재까지 주로 감옥, 퀴어 및 청년 하위문화를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 이 연구는 1933년에 출간된 샤오홍(蕭紅)의 「두 청개구리」를 자세히 읽기(close reading) 방식으로 독해하고, 일본식민지 시기 중국 현대문학에서 은어가 활용된 방식을 다루어 기존 은어 연구의 외연을 확장하며, 만주국 문학에서 표현된 은어의 문화정치학 및 심층적 함의를 규명한다. 이 논문은 작가가 기아와 역병이 만연하는 식민 통치의 비참한 현실을 고발하고 내러티브의 정치적 메시지를 주제화하기 위하여 은어와 문학적 비유어를 활용한 방식 및 저항의 행위가 집약된 시골의 공간성을 분석한다. 특히 텍스트의 주제를 구현하기 위하여 동물에 관한 상징성을 활용하고, 자연 풍경 묘사와 정동(affect)이 결합하는 방식을 논한다. 요컨대, 이 논문은 텍스트에서 동물을 활용한 상징주의로 항일의 메시지를 표현하는 방식을 분석하여 문화적 알레고리가 본질적으로 정치적 알레고리로 기능함을 밝힘으로써, 식민지 시기 샤오홍 문학의 예술성과 전복성의 함의를 제시하였다. The enforcement of censorship in Manchukuo (1932-1945) directly affected the micro level of cultural and especially literary production. Thus Chinese writers were forbidden to mention anti-Japanese imperialism or anti-Manchukuo activities. The strict atmosphere of censorship soon compelled Chinese fiction writers to perform self-censorship; they strived to express the ineffable using argot, a special coded language used by particular subcultures. Studies of argot have to date been mainly limited to prison, queer, and youth subcultures. This study examines the still neglected part of the field with a close reading of the story, “Two Blue Frogs,” published in 1933 by Xiao Hong in Manchukuo. Centering on the cultural politics of argot and the aesthetic effects of tropes, the discussion further addresses the ways in which they thematize the grim reality of colonial rule and the political commitment to revolutions, as expressed by the tropes related to animal symbolism and nature. Moreover, this paper explores how the use of argot and secret codes as literary devices enabled the author to depict a more vividly diabolical, sociopolitical milieu in which the colonized waited for death from famine and pestilence. The study concludes that cultural allegory can also be political, as the anthropomorphized frogs in the story symbolize anti-Japanese revolutionary figures and voices of resistance, simultaneously cloaking and powerfully expressing key anti-state activities.

사학연금 보험료 부과소득 상·하한 기준의 문제점 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

정인영 ( Jung¸ Inyoung ) 한국사회보장학회 2021 사회보장연구 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구는 사학연금 기준소득월액 상·하한 기준을 체계적이고 심도 있게 분석하여 문제점을 파악하고 이를 해소하기 위한 중·장기적 개선방안을 제시한다. 사학연금의 기준소득월액 하한 관련 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기준소득월액 하한 수준은 낮은 편이다. 둘째, 기준소득월액 하한은 학교급별, 직능별로 5개의 하한선으로 구분하여 차등화하고 있어 사학연금 가입자간 부담금 및 급여의 형평성 문제가 발생하고 있다. 셋째, 세분화된 하한선으로 인해 사학연금 가입자들의 수용성(수요자) 측면의 문제가 발생한다. 넷째, 하한의 연동방식이 부재하다. 또한 기준소득월액 상한 관련 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기준소득월액 상한 기준 중 퇴직연금 등 연금급여 산정 시의 수준은 비교적 적절한 것으로 보이나, 일시금 산정 시의 수준은 다소 높은 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 기준소득월액 상한은 연금급여 산정 시와 일시금 산정 시 기준으로 이원화 되어 있고, 일시금 산정 시 기준은 다시 교원과 직원으로 구분되어 있어 가입자간 부담금 및 급여의 형평성 문제와 가입자의 수용성 문제가 존재한다. 셋째, 상한의 연동방식 변경에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행 하한선의 일원화 및 단계적 상향조정 방안, 이원화되어 있는 상한기준을 일원화하는 방안, 상한 및 하한의 연동방식으로 사학연금 전체 가입자 평균기준소득월액 변동률을 고려하는 방안 등을 제시하였다. This study explores mid- to long-term measures to improve upper and lower levels of monthly qualifying earnings for Teachers’ Pension by systematical and in-depth analysis. The main results related to the lower level are as follows: First, the current lower limit is relatively low. Second, the minimum earnings threshold is divided into five boundaries by school grades and occupations, causing equity problems associated with contributions and pension benefits between insured persons of Teachers’ Pension. Third, the various lower boundaries create problems in terms of acceptability of insured persons. Fourth, there is no indexation method of the lower limit. The main results related to the upper limit are as follows: First, the level of the upper limit for calculation of pension benefits including retirement pension appears to be relatively appropriate, but the level of the upper limit for lump sum is considered to be somewhat higher. Second, the upper limit is dualized into thresholds for calculating pension benefits and lump sum payments, and that for lump sum is divided again into teachers and employees, thus, there are issues of balance between contributions and pension benefits and of insured persons’ acceptability. Third, it is necessary to review the change in the indexation method. As a result, a measure that the current lower limit is unified and raised step by step, a plan to unify the dualized upper limits, and the average monthly income rate of insured persons as an alternative indexation method of the upper and lower limits were suggested.

상좌부불교의 제사의식 연구

임인영 ( Lim¸ In-young ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2021 동아시아불교문화 Vol.- No.47

인간은 살아가면서 많은 통과의례를 치른다. 그 가운데서 가장 중요하게 다루는 의례 가운데 하나가 상제례(喪祭禮)이다. 한국불교에서 행하는 의식 가운데 중요한 부분을 차지하는 것 가운데 하나도 재의식(齋儀式)이다. 불교의 제사 문화에 관한 연구는 대부분 대승불교에 치우쳐져 있고 상좌부불교의 죽음과 제사에 관한 연구는 미흡한 편이다. 본 논문은 상좌부불교 제사의 의의와 내용을 밝히고 한국불교와의 차이점을 살피고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 상좌부불교의 죽음과 재생과정을 살펴봄으로써 상좌부불교 제사의 교의적 연원을 조명하고자 한다. 상좌부불교에서는 죽음의 과정 끝에 생의 마지막 마음인 죽음의 마음이 일어난다. 죽음의 마음이 생겨나서 멸하자마자 바로 다음에 재생연결식이 생겨나 다음 생이 이어진다. 죽음의 마음과 재생연결식 사이에 어떠한 간극도 존재하지 않는다. 죽음과 재생연결 사이에 어떠한 간극도 존재하지 않기에 죽음 이후에 망자를 위한 천도의식은 성립하지 않는다. 빠알리 경전의 많은 곳에서 부처님은 조상에 대한 제사에 관하여 언급하고 있다. 상좌부불교에서도 제사의식은 존재하지만 그 효력은 제한적이다. 조상에게 올리는 제사는 그 조상이 아귀계에 태어났을 때 효력이 미친다. 다른 곳에 재생한 조상에게는 그 효력이 미치지 못한다. 하지만 우리들의 윤회는 너무나 길어서 우리 조상 가운데 아귀계에 태어난 자가 없다고 할 수는 없기에 제사는 효력을 가진다. 빠알리 불전의 이러한 가르침으로 인해서 남방 상좌부 불교권에서 제사의식은 조상의 직접적 천도에 맞추어져 있지 않다. 조상을 위한 제사에는 스님들을 초청해서 법문이나 독경을 듣는다. 이러한 의식 마지막에 스님들께 공양 올리고 그러한 공덕을 조상들에게 회향하는 방식으로 제사를 지낸다. 이처럼 한국불교의 제사의식은 대승 논서의 중유(中有) 이론에 따라서 천도 의식 등이 발달했고, 상좌부불교의 제사 의식은 무간재생(無間再生) 이론에 따라서 아귀계에 떨어진 조상에게 공덕을 회향하는 제사의식이 자리를 잡았다. A Person goes through many rituals in life. Among them, the most important ritual is funeral rituals and ancestral rituals (喪祭禮). Ritual ceremonies (齋儀式) are an important part of the rituals performed in Korean Buddhism. Studies on Buddhist ancestral rite culture are mostly focused on Mahayana Buddhism, and studies on death and ancestral rites in Theravāda Buddhism are insufficient. This study aims to clarify the significance and contents of the ancestral rituals of Theravāda Buddhism, and to examine the differences from Korean Buddhism. To this end, this study attempts to shed light on the doctrinal origins of Theravāda Buddhist ancestral rites by examining the death and rebirth linking of Theravāda Buddhism. According to the Abhidhamma, the death consciousness arises at the end of the process of death. Immediately after death consciousness has ceased, a rebirth consciousness arises, which leads to the next life. There is no gap between death consciousness and rebirth consciousness. Since there is no gap between the death and rebirth linking, there is no ceremony to lead ancestor to heaven. The Buddha states that ancestral rites are meaningful, but their effectiveness is limited in the early buddhist canon. The ancestral rites offered to ancestors take effect when the ancestor was born into the peta(hungry ghost) realm. It has no effect on ancestors that have been reborn elsewhere. However, our rebirth is so long that it cannot be said that none of our ancestors were born in the peta realm, so the ancestral rituals are always in effect. Due to these teachings of early Buddhism, the ancestral rites in the Theravāda buddhism are not aligned with the direct salvation ceremonies. In ancestral rites for ancestors, monks are invited to listen to Dhamma. At the end of these ceremonies, ancestral rituals are held in which offerings are made to the monks and the merits are dedicated to the deceased person. As such, Korean Buddhist funeral(cheondojae, 薦度齋) developed according to the theory of antarābhava(中有) in Mahayana scriptures and the Theravāda Buddhist funeral ceremonies took place to dedicate merit to the ancestors who is reborn in the peta realm according to theory of contiguity rebirth.

[PA-0007] Transcription factors regulated by LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 in triacylglycerol accumulation

Inyoung Kim(Inyoung Kim),Hyung Ju Do(Hyung Ju Do),Hyun Uk Kim(Hyun Uk Kim) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Between Reproduction and Subversion

InYoung Bong 한국중어중문학회 2013 中語中文學 Vol.55 No.-

Based on close readings of “Seeing the Train Off” (“Songche,” 送車), “Little Liu” (“Xiao Liu,” 小劉), and “Madam” (“Taitai,” 太太) by Ling Shuhua, this article examines the representations of gender relations and motherhood in the three short stories. It particularly focuses on the ways family life, schooling, mothering, and their interlocking sites are depicted, themes that are significantly implicated in the project of modernity and gender configurations. The article argues that Ling’s “feminine” writing is not limited to the representation of trivial, domestic femininity, but instead reveals that the worlds of the household and the wider society are inextricably intertwined and integrated. Moreover, it addresses how women perceive their own existence through concrete, material life practice as well as how they express their own ways of understanding the world, unrestrained by any fixed boundaries of time and time perception, a fluid sense of temporality. Through an examination of narrative style and the performance of gender roles and their meanings, the article also explores how women attempt to challenge the dominant mode of social (re)production of gender norms and values within the existing social order. The stories show that women creatively negotiate with the grim reality of managing repetitive, tedious household jobs, rather than being passively interpellated and unconsciously internalized by gender ideology and patriarchy. Thus, the stories suggest possibilities for subverting the existing male-centered social order through females’ daily and material practices and prefigure the new meanings of the social from within women themselves.

THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CONTEXT AND AROUSAL POTENTIAL CUES ON INTENTION TO ATTEND CULTURAL EVENTS

Inyoung Lee,Sang-Hoon Kim,Jisu Yi 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Organizations are increasingly implementing recommendation systems on their websites. A growing body of research is focusing on how the characteristics of online message content affect consumers’ consumption intentions, taking into account consumers’ static personal information, such as demographics. However, limited research has explored how the social context of consumers and online message content characteristics can affect the consumers’ intention to consume events. To address this gap, the present study investigates the joint effects of consumers' social context and arousal potential cues on their intention to attend cultural events. Based on the Target-arousal level theory, we suggest that people who anticipate solo consumption (i.e., accompanied by no one) will tend to attend cultural events promoted by a low arousal potential cue (A calming experience.), while those who anticipate social consumption (i.e., accompanied by one or more companions) will tend to attend cultural events promoted by a high arousal potential cue (An exciting experience”). Furthermore, we argue that anticipated enjoyment will mediate this relationship. The joint impact of the social context and arousal potential cues of a cultural event on consumers' intention to attend, as well as the mediating role of anticipated enjoyment, were demonstrated through two studies. The use of message cues and personalized recommendation algorithms as tools to target consumers and improve attendance rates is discussed. References available upon request.

English Communicative Needs of Graduate Engineering Students in Academic Situations in Korea

( Inyoung Shin ) 글로벌영어교육학회(구 호남영어교육학회) 2015 Studies in English education Vol.20 No.4

This study analyzes the English communicative needs of graduate engineering students in academic situations in Korea based on the perceptions of Korean engineering students obtained through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The research showed that participants considered English communication skills important in various academic situations such as writing theses, reading literature, presenting at conferences, listening to lectures, and conducting research. In addition, a balanced command of multi-skills in English and discipline-specific academic literacy and oracy were seen to be required for students. The implications for upgrading English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs to better meet the communicative needs of students were discussed.

The Effect of Focus-on-Form on the Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes by a Korean EFL Learner

Inyoung Kym 한국초등영어교육학회 2006 초등영어교육 Vol.12 No.2

  Although the effect of grammar instruction in second and foreign language learning has been strongly questioned since the advent of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach, recent research reveals that L2 learners develop limited grammatical competence without appropriate focus-on-form. In particular, as English learning starts at an earlier age, the role and effect of grammar instruction is again brought into discussion to prevent or minimize early fossilization by young learners. This paper aims to investigate the effect of focus-on-form on the acquisition of English grammatical morphemes by a young Korean EFL learner. For this purpose, firstly, the incremental development of the VP and NP structure was investigated using two years" writing data of a six-grade Korean boy. Then error types salient in the learner language were identified and the effect of focus-on-form was examined after corrective feedback was given six times over the period of six weeks. Focus-on-form through corrective feedback was mainly given to the use of the English article system (zero/a/the/plural -(e)s) and subject-verb agreement (third person singular -(e)s).

Emerging role of Hippo pathway in the regulation of hematopoiesis

Inyoung Kim,박태호,Ji-Yoon Noh,김완태 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.8

In various organisms, the Hippo signaling pathway has beenidentified as a master regulator of organ size determination andtissue homeostasis. The Hippo signaling coordinates embryonicdevelopment, tissue regeneration and differentiation, throughregulating cell proliferation and survival. The YAP and TAZ(YAP/TAZ) act as core transducers of the Hippo pathway, andthey are tightly and exquisitely regulated in response to variousintrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Abnormal regulation or geneticvariation of the Hippo pathway causes a wide range of humandiseases, including cancer. Recent studies have revealed thatHippo signaling plays a pivotal role in the immune system andcancer immunity. Due to pathophysiological importance, theemerging role of Hippo signaling in blood cell differentiation,known as hematopoiesis, is receiving much attention. A numberof elegant studies using a genetically engineered mouse (GEM)model have shed light on the mechanistic and physiologicalinsights into the Hippo pathway in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Here, we briefly review the function of Hippo signalingin the regulation of hematopoiesis and immune cell differentiation.

Effect of Ferrite Substrates on Antenna Miniaturization

Inyoung Kim,김종렬,Seok Bae 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.1

This study has been carried out to estimate the effect of electro-magnetic properties of soft magnetic ferrites on the performance and miniaturization of antennas operating in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range. Compared with dielectric materials, ferrites used as substrates effectively reduce the resonance frequency of tapered slot antennas without noticeable reduction of bandwidth and gain. For example, a NiZn ferrite antenna with a size of 40 mm × 10 mm × 2.4 mm showed an antenna gain of --7.9 to --3.04 dBi in the frequency range of 450 -- 700 MHz. Hence, these data suggest that magnetic antennas are applicable to terrestrial, digital, multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) and digital, video broadcasting, handheld (DVB-H) phones.