Commercial Presence in the Hospital Sector under GATS - A Case Study of India

Indrani Gupta,Bishwanath Goldar 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2004 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.11 No.2

  The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is the first multilateral agreement under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) relating to trade in services. India is a member of WTO and a signatory to GATS. India is also the only country in the South-East Asia Region which has in its schedule of specific commitments included Hospital Services. This paper looks closely at the implications of GATS for India under the mode of supply called commercial presence. Specifically, this research attempts to understand whether foreign investment in the hospital sector is going to be consistent with the health sector goals of the country, in terms of access, availability and affordability of quality health care.

The Mutation that Makes Escherichia coli Resistant to λ P Gene-mediated Host Lethality Is Located within the DNA Initiator Gene dnaA of the Bacterium

( Indrani Datta ),( Sarbani Banik Maiti ),( Lopa Adhikari ),( Subrata Sau ),( Niranjan Das ),( Nitai Chandra Mandal ) 생화학분자생물학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.1

Earlier, we reported that the bacteriophage λ P gene product is lethal to Escherichia coli, and the E. coli rpl mutants are resistant to this λP gene-mediated lethality. In this paper, we show that under the λ P gene-mediated lethal condition, the host DNA synthesis is inhibited at the initiation step. The rpl8 mutation maps around the 83 min position in the E. coli chromosome and is 94% linked with the dnaA gene. The rpl8 mutant gene has been cloned in a plasmid. This plasmid clone can protect the wild-type E. coli from λ P gene-mediated killing and complements E. coli dnaAts46 at 42℃. Also, starting with the wild-type dnaA gene in a plasmid, the rpl-like mutations have been isolated by in vitro mutagenesis. DNA sequencing data show that each of the rpl8, rp112 and rp114 mutations has changed a single base in the dnaA gene, which translates into the amino acid changes N313T, Y200N, and S246T respectively within the DnaA protein. These results have led us to conclude that the rpl mutations, which make E. coli resistant to λ P gene-mediated host lethality, are located within the DNA initiator gene dnaA of the host.

The impact of nutrition literacy on the food habits among young adults in Turkey

Indrani Kalkan 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of 20.0 ± 1.60 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as 22.4 ± 3.76 (23.6 ± 3.63 males 21.3 ± 3.57 females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were 22.49 ± 5.71, 17.45 ± 4.84, and 28.28 ± 7.13 respectively (total 64.98 ± 10.15). For females the values were 24.66 ± 5.13, 20.17 ± 4.28, and 32.20 ± 5.65 (total 69.72 ± 8.59) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were 9.26 ± 4.18 whereas for females it was 10.37 ± 3.40 significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.

Firm Size, Synergy and Joint Ventures

Indrani Roy Chowdhury,Prabal Roy Chowdhury 서울대학교 경제연구소 1999 Seoul journal of economics Vol.12 No.3

We develop a synergy based theory of joint venture formation. We find that an increase in firm size affects the incentive for joint venture formation. Furthermore, firm size also crucially affects the impact of market size on the incentive for joint venture formation. We also perform some interesting welfare analysis.

The Bacteriophage λ DNA Replication Protein P Inhibits the oriC DNA-and ATP-binding Functions of the DNA Replication Initiator Protein DnaA of Escherichia coli

( Indrani Datta ),( Subrata Sau ),( Alok Kumar Sil ),( Nitai C. Mandal ) 생화학분자생물학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.1

Under the condition of expression of λP protein at lethal level, the oriC DNA-binding activity is significantly affected in wild-type E. coli but not in the rpl mutant. In purified system, the λP protein inhibits the binding of both oriC DNA and ATP to the wild-type DnaA protein but not to the rpl DnaA protein. We conclude that the λ P protein inhibits the binding of oriC DNA and ATP to the wild-type DnaA protein, which causes the inhibition of host DNA synthesis initiation that ultimately leads to bacterial death. A possible beneficial effect of this interaction of λ P protein with E. call DNA initiator protein DnaA for phage DNA replication has been proposed.

The Effect of Business Risk on Capital Structure of Indian Corporate Firms: Business Groups vs. Stand-alone Firms

Indrani Chakraborty 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2015 Global economic review Vol.44 No.2

This study estimates the relationship between leverage and business risk for Indian corporate firms by applying semi-parametric regression method for three time points, namely 2001, 2007 and 2012. We observe that the relationship is non-linear for all the three measures of RISK in 2001 and 2012. Since we get different results for different measures of risk, we lay more emphasis on RISK2 as the better measure of risk here. From the graphical plots, we find that the relationship between leverage and RISK2 appears to be a polynomial of degree 5 or more. Thus, it invalidates the previous argument of a quadratic relationship between leverage and risk. We then check if the quadratic specification between leverage and risk, as proposed in the existing studies, is appropriate by applying Hardle and Mammen’s test. We observe that the relationship varies over the measures of risks and it differs between group-affiliated firms and stand-alone firms. Moreover, the relationship changes over time. Thus, our findings raise questions about the predictions of Castanias, Kale et al. and others on the relationship between capital structure and business risk as a U-shaped one. We conclude that the generalization of a U-shaped relationship between capital structure and business risk is not true.

The impact of nutrition literacy on the food habits among young adults in Turkey

Kalkan, Indrani The Korean Nutrition Society 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of $20.0{\pm}1.60years$. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as $22.4{\pm}3.76$ ($23.6{\pm}3.63$ males $21.3{\pm}3.57$ females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were $22.49{\pm}5.71$, $17.45{\pm}4.84$, and $28.28{\pm}7.13$ respectively (total $64.98{\pm}10.15$). For females the values were $24.66{\pm}5.13$, $20.17{\pm}4.28$, and $32.20{\pm}5.65$ (total $69.72{\pm}8.59$) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were $9.26{\pm}4.18$ whereas for females it was $10.37{\pm}3.40$ significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.

Unexpected effects of the alteration of structure and stability of myoglobin and hemoglobin in ammonium-based ionic liquids

Jha, Indrani,Attri, Pankaj,Venkatesu, Pannuru The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.12

<P>The nature of solvent–biomolecule interactions is generally weak and non-specific. The addition of ionic liquids (ILs), which have emerged as a new class of solvents, strengthen the stability of some proteins whereas the same ILs weaken the stability of some other proteins. Although ILs are commonly used for the stabilization of biomolecules, the bimolecular interactions of their stabilization–destabilization is still an active subject of considerable interest and studies on this topic have been limited. To reveal the impact of ILs on the stability of proteins, a series of protic ILs possessing a tetra-alkyl ammonium cation [R<SUB>4</SUB>N]<SUP>+</SUP> with a hydroxide [OH]<SUP>−</SUP> anion were synthesized. In this study, we report the structural stability of heme proteins such as myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) in a series of ammonium-based ILs such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>N]<SUP>+</SUP>[OH]<SUP>−</SUP> (TMAH), tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide [(C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>N]<SUP>+</SUP>[OH]<SUP>−</SUP> (TEAH), tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide [(C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>7</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>N]<SUP>+</SUP>[OH]<SUP>−</SUP> (TPAH) and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide [(C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>N]<SUP>+</SUP>[OH]<SUP>−</SUP> (TBAH) by fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic studies. Our experimental results reveal that less viscous ILs carrying smaller alkyl chain such as TMAH are strong destabilizers of the heme proteins as compared to the ILs carrying bulkier alkyl chains which are more viscous ILs, such as TBAH. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the addition of these ILs to the heme proteins decreases their thermal stability allowing the protein to be in an unfolded state at lower temperatures. Further, we describe the molecular–structural interaction of the heme proteins with the ILs (molecule like a ligand) by the PatchDocking method.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Ammonium-based ILs are shown to have a denaturing and destabilizing effect on heme proteins. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cp54398f'> </P>

The Mutation that Makes Escherichia coli Resistant to λ P Gene-mediated Host Lethality Is Located within the DNA Initiator Gene dnaA of the Bacterium

Datta, Indrani,Banik-Maiti, Sarbani,Adhikari, Lopa,Sau, Subrata,Das, Niranjan,Mandal, Nitai Chandra Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.1

Earlier, we reported that the bacteriophage $\lambda$ P gene product is lethal to Escherichia coli, and the E. coli rpl mutants are resistant to this $\lambda$ P gene-mediated lethality. In this paper, we show that under the $\lambda$ P gene-mediated lethal condition, the host DNA synthesis is inhibited at the initiation step. The rpl8 mutation maps around the 83 min position in the E. coli chromosome and is 94% linked with the dnaA gene. The rpl8 mutant gene has been cloned in a plasmid. This plasmid clone can protect the wild-type E. coli from $\lambda$ P gene-mediated killing and complements E. coli dnaAts46 at $42^{\circ}C$. Also, starting with the wild-type dnaA gene in a plasmid, the rpl-like mutations have been isolated by in vitro mutagenesis. DNA sequencing data show that each of the rpl8, rpl12 and rpl14 mutations has changed a single base in the dnaA gene, which translates into the amino acid changes N313T, Y200N, and S246T respectively within the DnaA protein. These results have led us to conclude that the rpl mutations, which make E. coli resistant to $\lambda$ P gene-mediated host lethality, are located within the DNA initiator gene dnaA of the host.

ANALYSIS OF ABSORPTION EFFECT DUE TO SEDIMENT LAYERS ON DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF DAM-RESERVOIR SYSTEM

GOGOI INDRANI,MAITY DAMODAR 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1