신소설에 나타난 novel의 징후 : 「치악산」과 「쟝화홍련젼」의 비교연구 Comparative Study on "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun"

강인숙 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.1

In Korean literature, we have a genre named 'new novel' between romance and novel. To clarify the characteristic feature of new novel, 1 want to compare the structures of "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". Both of these novels share many thing in common. For example, both of them are step mother story, but they also have certain differences. In this article, I would like to demon-strate the symptoms of novel in new novel by clarifying the different phase of these two novels. 1.Character A) Similar phase (1) protagonist a) social class: yangban b) moral phase: superior class c) role in the story: good suffering step children d) typicality of characters: their assistants are also good (2) antagonist a) social class: yangban, however, economic and moral phases are inferior than protagonist. b) role in the story: bad step mother with bad assistant B) difference (1) In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," the helper of antagonist is her own son. "Chiaksan" is different. Helpers of antagonist are her servants. Unlike the blood relationship in "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," these servants help the antagonist because of the money and the land she offer. They are market oriented type, suitable characters for novel. 2.The method of characterization. In terms of character roles, there are many similarities in both stories. But the method of characterization in them are much different. In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," characters are very simple. In other word, they are one dimensional. Good person is always good and also beautiful. Morality and the beauty is unseparable in this story. "Chiakson" is different. Characters of this story has more complex dimensions as follow. (1) Protagonist has a a lot of virtues yet she also has bad side. Antagonist is bad. but also has some nice element. The good and the evil blended in each character so the characters in "Chiaksan" are more realistic than "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". (2) Beauty and the virtue of characters are not combined in this story. Antagonist of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is ugly, but the step mother of "Chiaksan" is beautiful even though she is bad. Her husband knows very well about her badness, yet he cannot help loving her. These kinds of complexity make characters more realistic. 3.Chronotopos The locational setting of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is not vague, but the name of the place has almost no meaning in this story, Same is true in terms of the temporal dimension. Chronotopos in "Chiaksan" is more realistic. The location is the place the author knows very well. So is the same in case of temporal dimension. The chronotopos in this story is "here and now" type, similar to novel, Enlargement of spatial scale, the concreteness of the locational description, interest of characters' manners and costumes and type of the chronotopos are symptoms of novel found in "Chiaksan". Unlike novel, however, where most of action happen in the 'community', locations of action in "Chiaksan" are usually outside of the 'village' touch as mountain and water mill cottage, etc. The market oriented characters are not protagonist yet in this novel, they are only assistant characters. These means the conditions of novel are not matured enough in "Chiaksan." 4. The causal relationship in the plot The author of "Chiaksan" is too conscious about the probability of the story. He explains too much for each event. This kind of expositions disturb the profess of the story, thus drive the reader's interest out from it. For example, when the father in law informed that his daughter in law has a lover, he ordered his servant bring to him some poison for punish her. In this critical scene, the author spend too much time explaining about the process of getting the poison which destroy the tension of the scene. This is common trait of new novel. Writers are too conscious about the causality of the action, so the readers become distracted. The elements of novel and romance are intermingled in new novel. Even though it is not matured enough to become novel, there are many symptoms of novel found in new novel which initiated the development of novel eventually. The writer of new novel were longing for new ara and new genre of writing, that they wanted rejecte the old narrative method.

1970년대 북한의 발전위기와 대중운동노선 재정립

장인숙 ( In Sook Jang ) 북한연구학회 2011 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.15 No.1

다른 현실 사회주의체제가 겪었던 발전위기 문제점들이 1970년대 북한에서도 표면화 된다. 이에 북한은 ``천리마운동(Chollima Movement)``과 다른 ``3대혁명운동(Three-Revolution Movement)``의 본격화로 대응한다. 이 시기 ``3대혁명운동``에 주목하는 이유는 경제 침체에서 비롯한 체제 위기에 대한 대응이 여타의 현실 사회주의 국가와 다른 북한만의 특수성을 함축하고 있기 때문이다. 현실 사회주의체제는 발전위기에 직면하여 시장원리 및 자본주의적 요소를 도입하는 실용주의의 길을 택한다. 그러나 북한은 역으로 전통적인 사회주의 발전전략을 고수하는 가운데 대중운동노선 재정립으로 발전위기 돌파를 모색한다. 1960년대와는 차별화된 1970년대식 대중운동인 ``3대혁명운동``이 추진된다. 이러한 북한의 선택은 당시 북한이 직면했던 중앙집권화된 계획경제의 구조적 문제에 대한 근본적인 처방이 아니었다. 경제적 논리로 분석한다면 합리적인 선택이라고 볼 수 없다. 오히려 발전위기 발생의 주요 요인이었던 중앙집권적 성격을 강화시키는 조치이다. 이는 효율적·합리적 선택이 가로막혔던 분단체제라는 현실적 한계 속에서 북한이 택할 수밖에 없었던 위기 대응 방식이었다. 1970년대 북한이 처해있던 분단체제의 구조적 한계는 현재까지 지속되고 있다. 또한 1970년대 확립된 대중운동노선은 북한 사회주의 경제건설방식으로 고착되어 오늘날까지 그 원칙과 방향이 지속되고 있다. 합리적 선택으로 보였던 현실 사회주의의 자본주의 요소 도입 및 실용주의의 길은 결국 개혁·개방을 거쳐 체제전환 및 사회주의 붕괴로 귀결되었다. 그러나 경제논리가 아닌 대중운동이라는 정치우위방식으로 발전위기에 대처했던 북한은 체제를 유지하고 있다. 이는 ``3대혁명운동``이 북한 계획 및 폐쇄 경제와 같은 체제 내적 한계를 보완하며 체제를 지탱하는 버팀목으로 작용하였음을 방증한다. My dissertation researches and examines the process on the reorganization and refreshment of the Mass Movement line in the 1970s which the North Korean`s prototype in the Mass Movement was set up in. Development crisis experienced in other socialist systems in history comes up to surface in 1970`s North Korean society. North Korea corresponds to such problems by hitting their strides in ``Three-Revolution Movement,`` different from ``Chollima Movement.`` The ``Three-Revolution Movement`` at that period of time gains attention in that it holds its uniqueness by reacting differently from how other socialist states has dealt with system`s crisis resulting from economic downturn. Facing development crisis, other socialist states choose a pragmatic path to adopt market principles and capitalistic elements. However, North Korea adheres to traditional socialism development strategy and seeks solution by reorganization mass movement line. Differentiated from 1960`s, 1970`s mass movement line, ``Three-Revolution Movement,`` is pushed ahead. However, at that time, North Korea`s decision was not an fundamental solution to its centralized planned economy. In economic logic, it cannot be viewed as a rational decision. Rather, it was a decision enforcing centralized nature, which was the main cause of development crisis. North Korea`s reaction to crisis was carried out under the divided status of two Koreas, limiting the country from making efficient and rational choice. The fundamental limitation of the divided system in 1970`s still remains in the present North Korean society. In addition, the mass movement line has set in and perpetuates as reconstructing strategy of North Korea`s socialist economy, preserving its principles and directions till today. Seen as rational choice, other socialist state introducing capitalist elements or taking pragmatic path has gone through reform and opening, system transition, and resulted in collapse of socialist system. However, this study is to bring attention to North Korea`s current socialist system sustained by the ``Three-Revolution Movement`` complementing the country`s inner limit of planned or closed economy and functioning as a pillar supporting the system.

1930年代의 英詩 : The New Country Group를 中心으로 with the New Country Group

秦仁淑 건국대학교 1967 學術誌 Vol.8 No.1

Over the last thirty or forty years, between the two World War and thereafter the English poetry has produced a larger body of profuse, brilliant and even uneven works in a dazzling variety of styles and a formidable range of subjects. This period developed and maintained a tone and manner idiosyncratic enough to earn the coining of the word "Modern Poets" This sense of abundance, variety and freedom derives principally from the poet's own approach to poetry and from the intercourse with the post-war Continent. The group of poets under the name of the "Modern Poets" might as well be said to be represented by "The New Country Group" headed by W. H. Auden. It is a well-known fact by now that Auden's works are sometimes beyond the comprehension of ordinals readers because the maker's views and visions are very much of his own, which has developed with some consistency and because of the difficult technical medium-the side that most reflects the poet's character ; however many critics laid much stress on Auden's "Causes", ignoring his other qualities as a poet, e. g. his technical experiments inspired by, and intimately related to T. S. Eliot. Auden's principal subject was the profound division of sympathy in the Middleclass Leftist, who was self-divided between the pure working class and the incapable middle-class he belonged to ; between his feeling for "England, Home and Beauty," and his feeling for Marxist idealism ; between fantasies of private love and facts of public service. Auden's ideal "good place" has changed in its definition in the thirty years he has been writing. Since Auden is, superficially, an extremely dogmatic poet, with a love for decisive action and assertive statesment, summarizing his different definitions is not so easy as it seems. It would be possible to talk, in very general terms, of a change from a "political" to a "religious" attitude, from Freudian Marxism to Christianity. The difficulty would be that - as far as poetry is concerned-such terminology would be very inexact. For, as a poet, Auden leaves the impression of being a man engaged in an extremely private and personal dispute, pursuit, or quest. The earlier Auden had infused a landscape of fragmentary details with a wholly personal vision, compounded of romantic excitement, social analysis, the language of Freudian psychology, and the intense pleasure of authority over words and images. The latter Auden creates an almost symbolic bird's-eyes view of life, looking at some distance from the personal. The nervous anxiety and energy that gave the earlier passages its uneven power has dwindled to a warm glance backward at a "guilt-ridden" culture. Thus, rather than changing sharply, in the course of his career, from a "political" to a "religious" point of view, attempting to reconcile the contraries and dualities. The Auden's works would remain in the history of poetry written in English as a "typical pattern" for nineteen-thirties ; though it would be more attractive for the readers of nineteen-sixties, should it haute the smiles of humour and the sparks of wits. Spender's earlier works, as the general tendency of this group of poets, are distinctively showing the socialistic ideals. The latter part has been marked by the rather private relicism which is more or less the Shelley's pattern. Spender's image and metaphor was more up-to-time than Eliot and remarkably was of his own. (like seen in the poem "The Landscape near an Aero-drome") In the technical side Spencer was fallowing in general the blank verse set in the regular stanza form; long sentences drag on, like the poet was looking for something, and suddenly settles down on a beautiful word. It was lyrical in imagery and vacabulary related to the traditional lyricism but not in its tone and movement. Spender was abstract and vague while Auden was of facts and reality; however he was so skilled in making a poetical beauty by merely put together these abstract notions that the readers would visualize the scenes and situation behind the abstractness, In the above mentioned poem "The Landscape near an Aero-drome" and the following poem "I think continually of those who were really great", the poet has never manifested who, how, when and what on those who were truly great as the objective of Spender's admiration; the truly great man was the poet's ideal in his notion. Day Lewis early wrote poems after the Auden's pattern; the styles of his own appeared after his trip to Italy. Spender's Poems was concerned with a "mood" while Day Lewis's are of "situations" like Audens. The poem "Conflict" is a picture of a fear-striven liberalist attacked from both sides, fascism and communism, Though Day Lewis's situations are concrete and detailed, its images are vague and abstract; its languages are old and conventional; thus the old metaphor is not employed in making a new context that would be able to widen the areas of common feeling between the maker and reader, Day Lewis technic was, so to say, to link an abstract notion with another abstract word related to ; finally he has mastered the poetical handlings of a metaphysical wit. MacNeice is very much similar to Auden in his moralized tone, citizenlike imagery and plain conversational languages but MacNeice's works are more visually sensitive. Among this group of poets, MacNeice is the only one who has not paid much concerns on the politics and society ; his images are usually expressed through the external symptoms of nature (as seen in the poem "June 1st") ; nature in MacNeice's poems never appeared without clad in his designs and patterns, thus the rainfall in June is to wash out his expectations and anxieties accumulated. MacNeice's technique is direct and personal, extremely of his own and yet there is always a very common standard of humanistic moral underneath the personalized imagery.In the light of pure personality, MacNeice might be the poet among the group who has had a sound and well balanced characters.

병원자체심사가 의료보험 입원진료비 청구에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구 : 일 대학병원의 퇴원전 심사를 중심으로

김인숙,박래희 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the institutional predischarge self-review process for medical insurance claims of inpatient treatment in a university hospital in Kwangju and thereby to suggest the ways of improvement, and the necessity for education of preventing the errors which frequently occurred during the claim process in the medical insurance system. The subjects were 810 medical insurance patients who have been in the university hospital in Kwangju for one month from June 1 through 30. 1995. Their service charge records were examined through a self-review process by the hospital, and among them 728 patients with changes in their medical service costs after the self-review process were finally selected and reviewed for a detailed survey. The major results were summarized as follows: 1. As a result of the self-review conducted by the hospital, total insurance medical costs to be claimed before the self-review were 779,926,360 won, and those of after the self-review were 806,412,100 won which resulted in an increase of 26,485,740 won. The mean of increased costs per each case after the self-review was 36.382 won, which was a statistically significant difference (t= 5.04, P<0.001). 2. The result of the self-review showed the highest increase of medical costs was in the medical department with the amount of 5,757,210 won. 3. The analysis of the causes of errors in the departmental treatment showed the hightest occurrences were 2,755(45.7%) cases in additional claims of charges, followed in order by the errors of medical personnel in applying insurance costs were 2,007(33.3%), input errors and so on were 913(15.2). 4. In the distributions of performed or not-performed operations in accordance with causes of errors, the total causes of errors were 6,029 cases. The hightest was 2,755 case in additional claims of charges, Among those. 1.480 cases occurred in performance of the numbers operations, and other errors in applying insurance costs occurred from the 1,131 performed operations. 5. The comparison of the increased amounts of medical cost items after the self-review showed 36.5% of the changes are the highest in treatment and operation costs, followed by 8.7% in injection costs. 6. Intervews of numbers and increased amounts in departmental treatment and operation costs, the highest were 5,750,324 won(25.8%) in the general surgery department.

各種 疾患 患者의 血淸 및 組織에서의 Carcino-embryonic Antigen (CEA)에 關한 硏究

李賢淑,金仁仙,白承龍 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.3

Carcino-embryonic antigen is a tumor-associated antigen whose testing has been considered to have a significant value in monitoring the patients with a variety of cancers. However, all the patients with malignant tumors do not reveal the elevation of serum CEA. Thus, to evaluate the relationship between serum and tissue CEA concentration, the author has studied serum CEA levels in 76 mailgnant and 89 nonmalignant diseases and demonstrated tissue CEA in 47 malignant and 13 nonmalignant diseases, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and immunoperoxidase technique. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The positivity in patients with malignant diseases was 89% in pancreatic, 80% in pulmonary, 67% in hepatic, 64% in colorectal, 64% in gastric and 25% in genitourinary cancers. 2. The positivity in patients with nonmalignant diseases was 53% in gastrointestinal, 63% in hepatobiliary and pancreatic, 69% in pulmonary, 27% in genitourinary tract, 67% in cardiac and 67% in miscellaneous diseases. 3. The positivity of serum CEA in patients with gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers was dependent upon the extent of the diseases process. 4. The positive staining for CEA in the tissues of malingnant diseases was 81% as a whole, the staining was high in gastric, colorectal and pancreaic cancers but was low in genitourinary tract cancer, revealing correlation with the degree of staining and tumor differentiation. 5. The positive staining for CEA in the tissues of nonmalingnant diseases was 54%, but the degree of staining was weak. 6. Most of the cases, the negative staining for CEA, had serum CEA levels less than 5.0ng/ml; whereas there was no constant relationship between serum CEA levels and the degree of staining for CEA in tissues. To be brief, the findings suggested that the estimation of the serum CEA levels would be useful to aid in the diagnosis of a variety of cancers and evaluate the extent of the disease process. Also the immunohistochemical identification of CEA in tissue sections might have histopathological diagnostic implications and provide a solid basis for use of CEA in the follow-up management of cancer patients.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

韓國石塔의 佛舍利 安置位置와 莊嚴內容에 對한 考察

李仁淑 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1988 韓國學論集 Vol.13 No.-

The Pagoda (in Sanskrit, "Stupa") is the place in which sacred remains of Buddha are enshrined. Pagoda is classified into three kinds according to the materials of which it is built; wood, brick or stone. The stone pagodas are the most prevailed type of pagoda in Korea. The stone pagoda in the Unified Silla period is elieved to have been derived from the wooden pagoda and also was preceded by brick pagodas, as shown in the formers which retain elements of wood or brick pagoda styles. The famous early examples of stone pagodas which were built after the style of wood and birck are stone pagoda in Miruksa temple, five story stone pagoda in Jeongrimsa temple and stone pagoda in Punwhangsa temple. After that, a unique style of stone pagodas emerged from the time when Silla unifed the Tree Kingdoms, the style became the typical Korean Stone pagoda whch is Characterized in several aspects. From the first period of the stone pagods which were built in Korea, we could notice the style f pagoda changed, besically, in the numbers of corner and center pillars of the double platform and in the types of roofing stone of each story which is supported by a reversed staircase of five, four or three steps. So we are able to classify the stone pagoda style according to these two eminant elements into Ⅰ, Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ period from the beginning of the stone pagoda in Korea untill the end of the Unified Silla. I here studied in which story of the stone pagoda Sarira Case was put, and concluded the places where Sarira cases were installed were changed according to the period. Before the Korean typical three story stone pagoda style prevailed. Sarira cases were placed underground of the wooden pagoda that might be-the chinese idea of underground burial. From the I to the Ⅱ period Sarira cases were enshrined at the upper story of stone pagoda. And the-tendency began from the Ⅲ period that Sarira Cases were installed in the first story of the stone pagoda was dominated in the Ⅳ Period in general. About Sarira Case itself, I can notice that Sets of vessels made of gold, silver, gilt-bronze and crystal or glass bottles in the manner of putting one-upon another were prevailed until the Ⅲ period. These Sarira Cases made-of metal or glass were the representative examples of Korean ancient craftsmanship, because they were the finest arifacts on which were extrmely reflected their religious mind and sense of art. But from the Ⅳ period, one bowl with a lid made of steatie, in a very simplified way com-paring with the preceding period became the popular Sarira Case type. I hope this small research should be helpful for the more future researches about these related topics.

에밀 졸라의 理論으로 照明해 본 金東仁의 自然主義

姜仁淑 건국대학교 1982 學術誌 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to examine Kim Tong In's naturalism compared with Emile Zola's theory of literature who has established theoretical foundation of naturalism. The reason I discuss on Zola's theory is that his theory has been served as a universal reference in the study of the literature of naturalism. Since in Korean literature the term "naturalism" itself was imported from Europe, therefore we can not discuss it without referring to it's original sense established by Zola. There seem to be several factors which distinguish Zola's naturalism from realism. The first is his belief in science. This is verified from the fact that he himself claimed to base his "The experimental nobel" on Claude Bernard's Medical theory. Zola is a novelist who tried to practice writing in a scientific method. Naturally what he aims at in his works is truth, not beauty, and the faithful reproduction of facts. He values above all objective data which serve as supporting evidences of facts, and employs a method of analysis and anatomy as natural scientists do. The second factor is Zola's materialism and determinism. Resulted from his attitude to regard human brain of the same substance as that of a stone, his materialistic view of man totally denies lyricism and religion. His determinism to refuse to admit man's free will inevitably leads him to describe the process of man's depravity and use the characters that belong to the low mimetic mode. Examined from the viewpoint of objective, analytical, anatomy, resuled from Zola's belief in science, Kim Tong In appears to have some similarities to Zola in many ways such as objectivity, faithful reproduction of facts, serious consideration of evidences, and analytical approaches‥‥etc. However, the dissimilarities are more predominant than the similarities. First, Tong In's extremistic disposition seems to contradict the naturalist's attitude of evaluating universal objectivity highly. Second, his narcissism involves a danger of exposing subjective judgments. Third, his aestheticism conflicts with naturalistic high esteem for "truth". Two other factors might be added as negative elements in Tong In's naturalism. One is immaturity of the modern Korean society, and the other the conflict of the genre of short story with naturalism. On the other hand, examined from the viewpoint of determinism, has more similarities in reverse. Denial of lyricism and religion, belief in the power of heredity and environment, and use of low mimetic mode omnipresent in his naturalistic works. However, his stories, possess many elements which are in discore with determinism and can be classified into four different groups in this connection. (1) in "감자"(Potatoes) and "태형" (Flogging), only environment is considered. (2) materialistic view of man seems to be ambiguous in "김연실전"(The Story of Kim Yun Shil) and "광염소나타"(Passionate Sonata) though both environment and heredity are dealt with in them. (3) in "태형" the first person narrator is used and free will is admitted. (4) indifferent attitude towards society is seem throughout his works. In conclusion, it can he said that between Kim Tong In's naturalism and Zola's theory, there are some similarities; however, far more striking dissimilarities between them make us hesitate to treat Kim Tong In a simple naturalist. Although he might be regarded as a naturalist when compared with such an emotive writer as Lee Kwang soo, with Zola, Tong In is a writer with a mere tinge of naturalism. This conclusion could also lead us to infer that the situations peculiar to Korea of 1920's such as the lack of positivistic thought, the social change of the period, and the short story-centered state of Korean novel did work as negative factors against the establishment of naturalism in Korea.

제주도내 농어민의 건강상태와 보건의료기관의 이용실태에 관한 조사연구

玄仁淑 제주한라대학 1992 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This investigation analyzes the health conditions and the existence of diseases, and grasps the actual use of medical institutions of farmers and fishermen in Cheju-do, aiming to provide the basic data for the spread of medical instituitions and for the medical service of good quality. The object people of this investigation are the redents over twenty who live in the farming and fishing villages of Cheju-do. The total number of the object people is 2, 400 in 48 villages, among whom 2, 238 people have been chosen for data. The means of this investigation is a question-paper made by pre-investigation. In order to give confidence and to get stright answers, the writer has measured blood pressure and glycosuria value. The gathered data has been processed with the frequency average, standard deviation, Chi-squre test and Anova by spss/pc^(+) The results of this investigaition are as follows. 1) General Characteristics of the Subject People The average age of the object residents is 42.6 and considering the distribution of sex, the male come to 44.9%(1024 people) and the female 55.1%(1258 people). Accoring to the investigation, 616 people live in Cheju city, 547 people in the north Cheju county and 545 people in the south Cheju county. Thirst nine point nine percent of the people and 14.45 percent of the people surpass college graduates in sholarly attainments, which shows that the level of scholarly attainments is improving in the villages. The people engaging in agricuture come to 45.9% and 16.0% engagein fisheries. The average total income amount to 784, 200 won per month and average family number is 4. The people who join the communuty medical insurance come to 58.6%, Twenty five point two percent join the workers' medical insurance, 10.9% join the officials and teachers' medical insurance and 3.5% are medical beneficiaries. 2) Health Conditions and Existence of Diseases. The writer has measured "Self-assessed health", and set it into a 5-point scale where quite good health is marked "5 point" and quite had health is marked "1 point". As a result, the health conditions have turned out to be comparatively good judging from the average point "3.3". Considering the existence of deseases, the people who are sill now come ro 24.6% and the most frequant diseases are the nervous-sensory organ one (33.7%), the muscular-skeletal one (18.9%). The average length of hospitaligation is 20.52 days and the most numerous diseases which led to hospitalization are the digestive system one (30.0%), and the muscleskeletalone (12. 1%). 3) Utilization of Medical Institutions and It's Frequency The most important standard of utilizing a medical institution is the symptoms of disease (60. 5%) and the most preferable medical institution is a hospital. During the last months (after the year 1992), according to the utilize a pharmacy (2. 1 times) and a hospital (1.26 times). The residents in a county utilize a pharmacy (1.92 times), those in a subcounty also utilize a pharmacy (2. 03 times) and the residents in a village where there's a hospital utilize it (1. 53 times). 4) Degree of Perceptions of the Public Health Center and Its Utilization With regard to the degree of perceptions of health conter, this investigation has maxed "knowing-case" 2 point and "not-knowing-case" 1 point. Among the works of a public healthe center, the most popularly recongnized work is vaccination (1.69). The average marks about the eight works take 12.88 from the full marks 16. The most utilized work in a public health center is vaccination (47.4% of all), and in a health branch office and a health medical office it is general medical service. 5) The Case of Using the 3rd Medical Facilities in Other Regions The percentage of using the 3rd medical facilities except Cheju is 16.5%. Its concrete cases are as follows the diseases of nevous-sensory organ(24.5%). The use of the facilities is due to more special midical treatment (41.5%), the advice of the 1st and 2nd medical facilities(25.7%), and lacks of equirments of medical facilities within Cheju (18.0%).

공단지역과 청정지역에서 재배되는 농작물과 토양중 중금속함량 비교

이인숙,김동현,조영채 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This study was performed to investigate the degree of pollution and the relationship of heavy metal contents in crops and soils collected from unpolluted area of Cheong yang-gun and industrial complex areas of Taejon-city, Cheong ju-city, Cheon an-city, On yang-city from 1, August to 30,September, 1994. 4 industrial complex areas were divided into the area within industrial complex, the area of 1Km and 2Km distant from the industrial area. The author collected 6 kinds of crops(perilla leaf, chinese cabbage, radish, sweet potato, guinea pepper, and egg plant) and their soils from each areas and measured 7 items of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu) by I.C.P. (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy). pH was also measured in soil samples. 1. In the crop samples, the average contents of Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Cu were significantly increased in the industrial complex areas as compared with those in the unpolluted area. In the perilla leaf(Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu), chinese cabbage(Cr,Ni,Cu), radish(Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu), sweet potato(Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu), guinea pepper(Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn) and egg plant(Pb, Cr, Cu) the content of heavy metals of industrial complex areas were significantly increased as compared with those in unpolluted areas, Cheong yang-gun. 2. In the soil samples, the average contents of Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu were also significantly increased in the industrial complex areas as compared with those in the unpolluted area, and Mn was significantly increased in the unpolluted area as compared with those in the industrial complex areas. 3. In the crop and soil samples, the average contents of Cd, Pb, Mn, and Cu were significantly increased in the soils as compared with those of the crops. However, the concentration of Cr in the crops was higher than that in the soils. 4. The contents of heavy metals in crops and soil showed decreasing tendency acording to the distance from the industrial complex area. There was a significant positive correlation beteen the contents of Zn, Mn and Cr in crops and soils. 5. The pH did not show a large difference by geographical location, and it maintained between pH 5.0 and pH 8.0.