In₆S₇ nanoparticle-embedded and sulfur and nitrogen co-doped microporous carbons derived from In(tdc)₂ metal-organic framework

Choi, In-Hwan,Jang, So-Young,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Huh, Seong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Dalton Transactions Vol.47 No.4

<P>Indium sulfide nanoparticle (NP)-embedded microporous carbons co-doped with S- and N-dopants are easily prepared by a direct carbonization of the as-prepared In(iii)-based metal-organic framework (In-MOF), [Et2NH2][In(tdc)2]·DEF, containing ditopic S-containing 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate (tdc<SUP>2−</SUP>) bridging linkers as a potential source of S-dopant. The charge on the anionic framework of [In(tdc)2]<SUP>−</SUP> is balanced by Et2NH2<SUP>+</SUP>, which is also a potential N-dopant. Simultaneous embedding of In-based NPs, S-, and N-co-doping is achieved in a simple single step carbonization of In-MOF. Three porous carbon materials (PCMs), PCM-700, PCM-800, and PCM-900, are obtained from the carbonization of In-MOF at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The gas sorption analysis indicates them as good CO2 sorbents. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by PCMs under visible light irradiation is also effectively operable owing to the photocatalytically active semiconducting indium sulfide NP with a small bandgap. The main component of indium sulfide NPs is revealed as In6S7 based on the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Small amounts of metallic In and In2S3 are also observed. The specific capacitances of PCMs are also estimated from the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves. PCM-900 exhibits the highest gravimetric specific capacitance of 99.0 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 0.05 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>

소아의 연령별 Propionibacterium acnes에 대한 균체응집항체 및 동종혈구응집항체간의 비교연구

정화영,정상인,최철순,양용태 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

In general, the concentration of maternal IgG globulin in serum of the neonates falls rapidly within the first few months after birth and the production of IgM globulin develops in the maturing infants during the course of exposure to various antigens in the environment. The development of natural antibodies, ie., isohemagglutinins, IgM class, to ABO blood group substances and agglutinins, Ig class, to normal flora, in the early stage of life is important since not only they may act as bactericidal substances in nonspecific manners, but also could be immunological barometers on the normal function of humoral immune system. The high concentration of isohemagglutinins to human A or B blood group antigens and agglutinating antibodies to some of normal flora such as Propionibacterium acnes or Staphylococcus aureus were observed in normal human sera. It has been known that the serum concentration of IgM globulin usually reached adult levels by one year of age, while that of IgG globulins by five to six years of age. However, the levels of isohemagglutinins to A and B group substances and agglutinating to Propionibacterium acnes in children's sera and the ages in which the concentrations of their antibodies reached to abult levels are not clarified. In this study, the concentrations of isohemagglutinins to A and B blood group antigens and agglutinating antibodies to P.acnes serotype Ⅰ and serotype Ⅱ in the sera of 163 normal children, ranged from 0 day to 15 years of age, were measured by means of microtitration technique. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the sera of 163 children under 15 years of age, there observed no significant difference in the titers of agglutinating antibodies to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ andⅡ. 2. Of 75 sera of children under one year of age, the numbers of sera in which agglutinating antibodies were not detectable or less than 1:4 to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ were 67(89.6%) and to serotype Ⅱ 53(70.7%), respectively. 3. Agglutinating antibody to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ in the children's sera reached adult levels by 7 years of age, but 100 percentages of antibody detection was observed only in the age group of 15 years old, whereas the adult levels of isohemagglutinins to A and B blood group antigens were observed in the age group of 6 months old. 4. No correlation were observed in normal children's sera between agglutinating antibody titre to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ and isohemagglutinin titre. These results indicated that the isohemagglutinins to ABO blood substances appeared in the earlier stage of life than did agglutinating antibodies to P. acnes.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

35세 이하에서의 결장 및 직장암 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

송인철,윤충,이행철,이양삼 대한대장항문학회 1996 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.12 No.3

본교 신입생의 자아개념 특성에 관한 연구

전인철 용인대학교 학생생활연구소 1993 학생생활연구 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of the study is to investigate characteristics in self concept of the fresh-man in Youngin University, 1993. The study revealed conclusions as followings ; 1. Scores of freshmen are 5 points higher as compared with norm in sum of self-positiveness, self-identification, physical concept, and personality-concept, while total variability scores are 4 points lower in the above sections. This results reveal that the freshman in the University perceive themselves positive in physical concept and personality concept with high self-esteem whereas students in the 2nd, 3rd, and 3th year in school show self-defense and low consistency. 2. In the average scores of 14 factors, students in the school of physical education get higher scores in most of factors whereas those in the school of art and the school of natural science get lower scores. Getting high scores in self-behavior and physical self-seems to have close relations to the characteristics of the University which has developed with strong emphasis on sports science and martial arts. 3. Differences in 5 of 14 factors are revealed among 3 departments in the school of physical education, while few differences are revealed in the rest of schools. Results in detail were discussed in the study. And, finallly, implications and suggestions for further study are discussed.

Sarcoma 180 유발생쥐의 생존시간에 대한 Cyclophosphamide 및 Typhoid Vaccine 의 단독 및 병합투여의 영향

신인철,서대규,김윤원 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1989 環境科學論文集 Vol.10 No.-

체중 25mg내외의 ICR계 웅성생쥐에 복수암인 sarcoma 180을 유발시킨 후 48시간 경과후부터 격일로 1일 1회씩3회에 걸쳐 체중 kg당 8ml의 생리적 식염수를 복강내에 투여한 군을 대조군으로 하고,체중 kg당 100 mg의 cyclophosphamide를 복강내에 단독 투여한 군과 체중 kg당 4ml의 typhoid vaccine을 복강내에 단독 투여한 군 및 체중 kg당 100mg의 cyclophosphamide와 4ml의 typhoid vaccine을 복강내에 병합 투여한 군으로 나누었다.숙주의 수명은 잔존하는 악성종양 세포의 수와 반비례하는 것으로 알려져 있음으로 sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 생존시간 및 암세포수에 미치는 cyclophosphamide 및 typhoid vaccine의 단독 또는 상호 병합투여에 대한 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Sarcoma 180 유발생쥐의 생존일수의 평균치는 대조군에서는 13.8일이었으나, cyclophosphamide 단독 투여군에서는 20.2일, typhoid vaccine 단독 투여군에서는 18.1일 이었고, cyclophosphamide와 typhoid vaccine 병합 투여군에서는 23.4일로서 생존일수의 언장효과를 보여주었다. 2. Sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 복수에서의 암세포 수는 대조군에서는 암세포 수가 점차증가되었으나, cyclophosphamide 단독 투여군, typhoid vaccine 단독 투여군 및 cyclophosphamide와 typhoid vaccine 병합 투여군에서는 대조군에서 보다 적은 범위로 암세포 수가 증가되어 암세포 증식의 억제효과를 보여 주었는데 cyclophosphamide 와 typhoid vaccine 병합 투여 군에서 가장 큰 폭으로 암세포 증식의 억제효과를 보여 주었다. Sarcoma 180 bearing mice, averaging 25gm of body weight, were divided into 4 groups of animals, animals administered 8ml/kg of normal saline as control group, group administered 100mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, group administered 4ml/kg of typhoid vaccine and group administered 100mg/kg of cyclophosphamide and 4ml/kg of typhoid vaccine. Treatment was initiated 48 hours after tumor implantation and repeated three times once a day. All the agents given were administered intraperitoneally. This study was made to elucidate the effects of cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine on the survival days and tumor cell count in sarcoma 180 bearing mice. The results were as follows. 1. Average survival days was 13.8 days in control group, 20.2 days in group administered cyclophosphamide in alone, 18.1 days in group administered typhoid vaccine in alone and 23.4 days in group administered cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine in combination. 2. Tumor cellcount in ascitic fluid was increased in control group and increased to smallerextents than control group in groups administered cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine in alone or combination.Consequently,it is suggested that cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine have the effects of prolongation of survival days and inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells in sarcoma 180 bearing mice.

中學生의 運動生活 實態에 관한 調査硏究

劉仁鉉,李鍾喆 단국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This thesis intends to grasp the reality of sport activities of middle school students in school, out of school and at home after school. For this purpose a research has been conducted over four middle schools of 608 boys and 605 girls on five sides of sports: interest in activities of sports, sport environment, participant's eagerness, sport club affiliation and activities in seasonal sports. These are examined through analysis of students' activities by sex and school grade. This research has adopted the methods of thoretical research as well as of questionair. The questionair is composed of 124 questions and is distributed directly by the author to students. A total of 1211 copies, which is 99% of the distributed, was collected. 1. Interest in activies of sports To the interest in sports, boys showed more interest in sports than girls. To the participation in sports at school, girls are a little more active. To the participation in sports on Sunday and holidays, boys showed more active participation than girls. Lowere graders are more active and interested. 2. Sport environment High percentage of both boys and girls avails of the vacant lots in their nighbourhood. The use of open grounds in parks showed higher percentage, too. Many boys showed that they had to come back to school for sports after school, but few girls took the trouble. The number is not big, but there are some boys and girls who go to sport-centers. To desired places for sports, a large number of boys and girls wish to enjoy sports at sport-centers. Many boys and girls also want to enjoy sports at home. A conside able number of boys and girls prefer to enjoy sports at nearby grounds in the neighbourhood. More boys preferred nearby grounds for sports than girls did. To conditions which have caused disinterests in sports, boys pointed out unfavorable sport facilities, individual problems, family matter and the lack of play-mates, while girls pointed out individual problems, unfavorable facilities, the lack of play-mates and family matter, respectively. 3. Participant's eagerness To the purpose of sport, the boys' is for the maintenance of health and promotion of physical strength, provision of joyous atmosphere with friends, mastery of skills, enjoying the momentary happy mood and the winning the games, respectively. To the attitude towards sports, high percentage of boys and girls enjoy sports with interest and pleasure. To the family concern on Students' sports, no special concern of the family is given to 57.8% of boys and much concern given to 31.4% of boys. 61.3% of girls is given no special concern of the family and 29.3% of girls given much concern. This figure indicates that much family concern has been given to both boys and girls. To the preference for sports, boys preferred baseball, soccer, swimming, table tennis and shooting, respectively, while girls preferred swimming, skating, baseball, volleyball and basketball, respectively. This figure indicates that individual playing games are more preferred to group playing games. It is also noted that baseball is preferred by the third large numbered girls an swered in this item 4. Sport club affiliation To the question of the membership of sport club, both boys and girls appeared to be interested in being the member of any club. To the membership club outside school, both boys and girls showed low interest in membership of the club outside school. To the particpation in sport events, their participation is rather irregular. To friends to play with, boys showed more positive activity in this point. Boy's play-mates are school friends, friends in the neighbourhood, members in the family and persons met at the sport-center, respectively. Girl's play-mates are members in the family, school friends, friends in the neighbourhood and persons met at the sport-center, respectively. To the team organization, the boy's case is in a team with several friends, in no team organization, but individual and free play in and the team of large group, respectively. Girls follow boy's pattern. 5. Seasonal sport activities To swimming during the vacation, both boys and girls showed active participation. To skiing, both boys and girls showed almost no activities in skiing, but skating is rather actively enjoyed, particularily among girls.

國民學校 實科敎育의 變遷過程과 現行課程에 對한 考察과 展望

崔哲仁 서울 敎育大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

1. Introduction It has become a surprising internal and external matter of concern that our earnest desire has been able to be realized in advance as the government anounced that the export for 10 billion dollars and the income per capita of 1,000 dollars which were due in 1980's have been made to be the end for 1977, the first year of the Fourth Five Year Economic Development Plan, and the income per capita will be enhanced to some 1,300 dollars as formerly scheduled for the year of 1981. The great problems we have now are the educational problems to meet the rapid economic and social development, the maintenance of the continual economic development, the sense of participation in the international society side by side with other developed countries, and the social life fit for the industrialized society. Now. under the government's revitalizing system, we must stay predominant over other nations in this international society, lay emphasis on increasing national power based upon self-support and self-help spirit in order to cope with the changes of the international situation, and promote our national prosperity. Our education had to follow such a proposition of this country and that is why the school curriculums have been reorganized three times since the establishment of our government. It is certain, therefore, that we can promote our educational efficiency by means of studying how our school curriculums have undergone changes making sure that we have attained the educational efficiency our country and society require and finding out what is the most desirable vocational education in the course towards 1980's. 2. The Transition since the Liberation from Japan In the history of our education, it was originated from So Hak Hoe Reyong (the elementary) ordnance proclaimed in 1895 (32nd year of King Gojong of Yi dynasty) and Jung Hak Gwan Jae (the middle school organization of the government) in 1899 (3rd year of King Gwangmu of Yi dynasty) that the subjects belonging to the vocational curriculums were first provided by a modernized school. At that time, the expressions such as "vocational course" and "home economics" were not used, but only as the educational major points, "embroidery" "handicraft" "agriculture" and "commerce" were provided, two of which were compulsory during a se mester. The curriculums of those days includede embroidery, handicraft, agriculture and, what were essential to everyday life, the subjects like knitting and sewing. It was intended to form a good habit of thrift and saving, and finally to develop the ability of making the things essential to everyday life. However, it was not until the Senior High School Ordinance and the Enforcement Ordinance were proclaimed as the Proclamation No. 42 in August 1906 that these subjects reached at the level of a vocational course and this course became to be supported by the Vocational School Ordinance proclaimed as the Proclamation No. 56 in April 1909. After the curriculums proclaimed on August 1, 1955 were enforced, such subjects were at the level of a course as we call today vocational course or home economics course. As the second step, in the revised curriculums proclaimed on February 15, 1963, a great emphasis was placed on abolishing several faults and conservative aspects, promoting productive capacity and overcoming the poverty of our country. In short, the curriculums were revised in order to satisfy the desire of our country and society. 3. A Study and View of the Current Transition As the curriculums mentioned above became difficult to cope with the changes of our social life caused by pur rapid economic development in 1960's and became more difficult in 1970's towards 1980's they were revised again on February 14, 1973. The revision is especially intended to reorganize the importance of the vocational education, and to establish the spirit of independenc, self-support and self-help through industry, thrift and saving on the basis that the basic living attitude should be to love labor even from the time when we begin to receive a basic education. In order to achieve this intention, the revised curriculums provide nine major units of 1970's to the earlier part of 1980's should maintain a higher living and cultural standard, make a foundation of a civilized people joining in the rank of the developped countries in the world, make a living in the modern industrial society our country requires, and satisfy the social demand of manpower. But it must be considered how to make effective use of the educational characteristic aiming at experiments and practical exercises, because the vocational text books used now are simple and cannot take the regional characteristics of vocational education into its account. 4. Conclusion Consequently the present curriculums can be thought to have made a step forward to be systematized in forming an independent unit; so called vocational course. But in order to fortify the social and economic developments, far more fundamental theories and techniques connected directly with our everyday life must be generalized and systematized. And therefore, our school education should be developped on the basis of the scientific life; today's school textbooks should be compiled so as to be evenly applied to the practical living conditions in our cities, interiors and fishing villages; the head teacher system should be set up in order to secure the teachers who take exclusive charge of vocational education; the talent of teachers should be improved by enforcing the special lectures in favor of vocational education. And also self-supporting school system should be extended and every school be converted to a self-supporting school in accordance with its actual circumstances so that school children may have the spirit of hard work, labor and co-operation making the foundation of national integration spirit. School children should be educated to use the daily necessaries by their own making and to be accustomed to the habit of reasonable thrifty living. Above all the systems of junior high school admission without examination and the equalization of senior high school require these kinds of educational effects. Through such educational system, the assignment of the right man in the right place and the reckless competition of entrance examination will be refined, and a sound social development will be secured. What is more, these educational effects will be increased as they are inseparably related to the new-community education.

DMBA 유도 햄스터 협낭암 발생과정에서 방사선 조사가 증식세포핵항원(PCNA)의 발현과 apoptosis 유발에 미치는 영향

전인성,허민석,최항문,이삼선,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2000 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.30 No.3

Purpose : This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irradiation on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis induction during the carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouch. Materials and methods : Three months old Syrian golden hamsters were divided into control and 2 experimental groups, Hamsters in control group were left untreated on buccal pouchs. Twenty four hamsters were treated with 0.5% DMBA tri-weekly on the right buccal pouch. Forty eight hamsters were treated with 0.5% DMBA tri-weekly and irradiated with the dose of 5 Gy and 10 Gy at 6,9, 12, 15 weeks after DMBA application. Resected buccal pouches were sectioned and examined for potential expression pattern of PCNA and apoptosis. Results : The PCNA index was increased with the stages of buccal pouch epithelium carcinogenesis except the hyperplasia stage in control group (p< 0.05). The irradiation did not effect on the PCNA index in the dysplasia and the carcinoma in situ stage, but in the hyperplasia stage, the PCNA index was increased with 10 Gy radiation and decreased in the carcinoma stage (p< 0.05). The apoptotic index was significantly decreased from the carcinoma in situ stage and the lowest in the carcinoma stage, The apoptotic index was significantly decreased in the hyperplasia and dysplasia stage with the 5 Gy irradiation and significantly increased only in the carcinoma stage with the 10 Gy irradiation (p< 0.05). Conclusion : The PCNA and apoptotic index were varied according to the irradiation period and dosage in each carcinogenesis stage. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2000; 30: 207-216)

한국사회에서의 도서와 육지간의 접합에 관한 연구 : 제주도의 경우 A Case of Cheju Island

유철인,고남욱,고창훈 제주대학교 1986 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

Recent introduction of citrus cultivation causes the growth of Cheju regional economy with the inflow of external captial under the influnce of external market. These processes result in the Cheju regional economy dependent upon the national economy. Since the advent of large-scale tourism often necessitates the transfer of local control to a central government, Cheju society as a touristic place is more dependent on national society with the national development projects on Cheju island. These tourism and citrus cultivation cause rapid urbanization, more access to education, more exposure to mass communication, and the increase in the mobility of both of Cheju islander and mainlander, As a result, Cheju culture becomes more assimilated into mainland or national culture. We call these recent phenomana the social articulation between Cheju island and mainland as a larger society. The term articulation is the congruence or working together of differrent strata or different levels such as the articulation of modes of producction. Paticularly, as used in this paper, it describes the process by which the local island society becomas in corporated more fully into the larger society. This paper examines (1) the phenomena social articulation between Cheju island and mainland in terms of regional economy and policies, (2) the response of community to this articulation, and (3) its impacts on the development of Cheju island and the prospects of desirable relationship between local island society and the center. First of all, Cheju industry structure consists of 34.9% in the primary, .3% in the secondary, and 60.8% in the itertiary industry,in terms of vaules added as of 1981, while in 1971 the primary industry dominant. Employments by industry In Cheju region as of 1981 consist of 71.7% in the primary, 3.2% in the secondary, and 25.1% in the tertiary industry. Cheju regional economy is articulated with national economy because of citrus cultivation and products of fishery under influendces of domestic and foreign markets as well as a tourism industry as a leading industry for regional development. People in Cheju island feel the state of alination with these overwhelming changes, which is followed by outsider's speculation on land, the leakage of benefits resulted from outside capital investment, and the evnvironmental pollution. These phenomena may be discovered in the transformation from the closed socioeconomic system to the open socioeconomic system. Seocond, the articulating process of structual dependency of political, economic, and social fields is reavealed concretely in the process of formulation, making, and implementation of polities. The philosopical foundation of policy is not the philosophy of Small-is-beautiful, but the philosophy of Big-is-good. And the goal of policy is sought out without conscideration of the basic problems such as openess and closedness, national-oriented and international-oriented development and conservation, and active participation and passive alination of islanders. We learn that the formulation, content, and implemantation by national elites affected by not the volition of residents in Cheju-Do, but the vested interest of large firms and international capital investment. Its effects are expressed in terms of the alination, the powerlessness, and the suffering of Cheju islanders. Third, under the vast process of acculturation, these overwhelming waves of change do stimulate the Cheju society as a so-called periphery in acquiring a consciousness of the degree of exploitation it is subjected to. As an adaptive action, Cheju cultural identity is maintained and/or invented with the emphasis on its own traditional spirits, which may be considered as the revitalization movements in Cheju culture. Ambivalance toward mainland as an outer world is expressed in everyday life in Cheju society. Ambivalance toward an outer world is thought to be discovered in any society articulated with and dependent upon the lager society. Cheju islanders also miss tat Cheju culture becomes more assimilated into mainland or national culture. We consider the social articulation of Cheju island and mainland amid historical context of the contacts with mainland as sociocultural forces which operate to create Cheju cultural identity. The aura of Cheju cultural identity and traditionalism is one of the devices which insures the continuance of boundaries between Cheju islander and non-islander (mainlander) within a tourism and the migration of mainlanders, Cheju islanders' perception of what mainlanders think about Cheju islanders operates to create the meaning and content of their cultural identity is maintained may consist of the contacts with mainlandsers and the formation of an image on them. We concluded that the articulation must be transformed from total dependency into the equity through the structual autonomy, changes in policies, and cultural autonomy This means the balance of everyday ilife in an island and a mainland, and further, in the center and peripheries. Alternatives for this desirable articulation are as follows. First of all, the decentralized and autonomous political-administrative structure, the active and intensive regional economy, and social cultural development focused on community must become to be interrelated in order to be an intergrated development from within. Secondly, the development policies must be fundamentally changed in terms of basic philosophy, content, and implempentation. Lastly, the cultural diversity is to be fully appreciated, based on the understanding of local cultures or subcultures.