한국건축가의 설계 가치 성향

송인식 동국대학교 대학원 1997 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.27 No.-

It is widely recognized that the human value system rules his/her thinkings and behaviors. Similarily, it may be considered that the architects' design value system affects the decision making and leads their desingning through the design process. This questionaires were distributed to 1,000 architects and about 140(about 4%) collected. From this investigation is summarized as follows: 1) Architects are likely to make a concept in the light of the properties and attributes of the design object itself. 2) The surroundings of the site and the space layout of building seem to be the most valuable things to architects in practice. 3) Architects seem to appreciate the buildings on the aspect of the design concepts and the spatial arrangement of them. 4) Architects think that they should be faithful to their own duties as designers who are to serve to the public by providing sound buildings. 5) Architects are concerned with the materials and the details of the buildings. 6) Korean architects have negative views about the participation of the clients or users of buildings in designing. 7) To architects in practice. `natural', `continuous', `open', `rational', `positive', `solid(cubic)', `simple' and `future' are prefered characteristics in design.

병원간 응급의료 전달체계에 대한 연구 : 영동세브란스 병원 응급진료센타를 중심으로

최성욱,김인병,이한식 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Transporting an emergent patient to a hospital has a crucial role in proper patient care. Objective of this study is to review the current methods and various patient transport system used between the hospital. We have conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive 753 patients who was transport-in and out from emergency department of YoungDong Severance Hospital from Sep. 1, 1994 to Feb. 28, 1995. All transferred patients were divided into two large category of trauma versus non-trauma, 363 to 390 patients, respectively. Average ISS(injury serverity score) for trauma patients were 7.31 point and average GCS score of 14.29 point for non-trauma patients. Most of the patients were trasfered-in during day and evening hours(84%), but there was no peak hours for transfer-out patients. Little more than half of all transferred patients used ambulance as a mode of transportation. Among all transfer-in patients, 65% were admitted for general care, emergency operation and ICU care. Others, 17%, 18% were discharged or transfer-out to other hospital, respectively. For transfer-out patients, 72% of transfer-out patients were for admission following recommandation by an emergency physician. Each level of hospital was divided into 4 subgroup ; private clinic, small hospital, general hospital and university hospital. ISS was also divided into score less than 10 points for mild and more than 11 points for moderate to severe injury. As a results, all of patients transferred from private clinic bad less than 4 point of ISS. Where as increasing percentage of patients with higher ISS was transferred-in from higher level of hospitals. Transfer-out hospitals were carefully selected by emergency physicians according to patient health status, speciality of referring hospital and closeness to patient residence For non-traumatic patient, GCS score was divided into GCS score 14or less and 15 point. Similar to trauma patient, there was increasing percentage of patient with lower GCS score transfer-in as hospital level increase. Patients with ISS less than 10 point and GCS score 15 point can be transferredto anappropriate level of hos-pital if EMSS operates properly. We suggest with a well organized EMSS, mandatory inter-hospital communication and good transfer record, proper patient transfer and treatment can be achieved.

요로결석 환자에서 Pethidine, Nalbuphine, Ketorolac의 진통효과 비교

장석준,박인철,정성필,최성욱,이한식 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Ureter stone cause severe flank and abdominal pain. In emergency room, these patients require rapid pain relief and diagnosis. Therefore, authors have conducted a study on the efficacy of three types of commonly used analgesics including non opioid analgesics; intramuscular ketorolac 30mg and nalbuphine 10mg was compared with pethidine 50mg in 74 patients who visited SEVERANCE hospital emergency care center with complaint of flank colicky pain from Jan1. 1996 to Mar 31. 1996. Pain was assessed before the drug administration, and then at 10min, 20min, 30min time interval after the first dose. Visual analogue scale was used to assess the pain intensity and scale was self drawn by each patient during the time of pain assessment. Additional need of rescue analgesia and adverse effecfs of first-line analgesia was also recorded. Statistical significant was confirmed using ANOVA and Chi square test. The difference in the decrease of pain intensity was not significant among the three analgesics(P=0.65). Rescue anagesia was required in 37.1% of pethidine, 42.8% of nalbuphine, 16.6% of ketorolac and totally 33.8%. The incidence of all types of adverse event of pethidine, nalbuphine and ketorolac were 14.2%, 14.2% and 5.5% in respectively. The results of this study have shown that non opioid analgesics are as effective as opioid analgesia. Therefore, non opioid analgesics can be tried first line of pain relief drug of renal coliky pain with minimal adverse effects.

병원 도착 전 사망 환자의 사인기재에 관한 고찰

강용선,이경룡,박인철,조광현,김승호,이한식 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: To the emergency physician, issuing a death certificate is becoming a burden as the DOAs(Deaths on Arrival) have increased in recent years. We analyzed the agreement on the causes of death issued by emergency physicians and attempted to find out whether emergency physicians complied with the guidelines for issuing death certificates. Material & Method: A survey questionnaire containing twelve pre-selected DOA cases which were supplemented with relevant past medical history and physical examination was used. The cases, with varying causes of death, were chosen from the medical records of DOA patients who presented to the emergency department at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from January 1997 to December 2000. The questionnaires were sent to 60 emergency physicians(22 specialists and 38 residents) at 22 university-affiliated teaching hospitals and 2 general hospitals across the nation. They were asked to identify the most probable direct cause of death for each of the 12 cases. The same questionnaire was sent to medical examiners at the National Institute of Scientific Investigation and to a Korean emergency physician at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, USA. We also included an open question about the optimal age for the use of 'senility' as a cause of death. Results: All 60 emergency physicians responded to the survey. The average number of causes of death per case was 9.7(7∼ 14). The range of concordance of causes of death was 23.3% to 66.6%. Out of a total of 720 causes of death given by the emergency physicians,35(4.9%) failed to adhere to the death certification guidelines, Also, 210 causes of death were not listed in the Korean classification of standard causes of death. Interestingly, the medical examiner answered 'unknown etiology' and the emergency physician in the USA answered 'cardiopulmonary arrest' or 'respiratory arrest' in most cases. Regarding 'senility' as a cause of death, 22 physicians(36.7%) thought the optimal age was over 80 years. Conclusion: A significant lack of agreement exists in determining the cause of death for the DOA patients arriving at emergency departments, Therefore, an all-out effort is essential to find ways to improve and resolve this situation. As the death certificate is a legal document and a basis for vital statistics, emergency physician should seek a rational consensus to improve and resolve these inconsistencies.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

NANOCAD Framework for Simulation of Quantum Effects in Nanoscale MOSFET Devices

Jin, Seong-Hoon,Park, Chan-Hyeong,Chung, In-Young,Park, Young-June,Min, Hong-Shick The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2006 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.6 No.1

We introduce our in-house program, NANOCAD, for the modeling and simulation of carrier transport in nanoscale MOSFET devices including quantum-mechanical effects, which implements two kinds of modeling approaches: the top-down approach based on the macroscopic quantum correction model and the bottom-up approach based on the microscopic non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. We briefly review these two approaches and show their applications to the nanoscale bulk MOSFET device and silicon nanowire transistor, respectively.

NANOCAD Framework for Simulation of Quantum Effects in Nanoscale MOSFET Devices

Seonghoon Jin,Chan Hyeong Park,In-Young Chuug,Young June Park,Hong Shick Min 대한전자공학회 2006 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.6 No.1

We introduce our in-house program, NANOCAD, for the modeling and simulation of carrier transport in nanoscale MOSFET devices including quantum-mechanical effects, which implements two kinds of modeling approaches: the top-down approach based on the macroscopic quantum correction model and the bottom-up approach based on the microscopic non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. We briefly review these two approaches and show their applications to the nanoscale bulk MOSFET device and silicon nanowire transistor, respectively.

구급차를 이용한 응급 환자의 중증도 분류

박인철,이경룡,이한식 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Authors performed a prospective study of patients who visited to ED of Severance Hospital via ambulance during the period of six months from April, 1, 1995 to September, 30, 1995. Our study assessed the adequate patient transfer via EMS system and to suggest more advanced guideline for patient transfer. The results were as follows: 1) Among the total 16,794 patients, 2,250 visited via ambulance ranged from age of 1 to 89 years old with an average 43yrs. 2) Among 2,250 patients, 1,122(50%) visited via 119 system, 546(24%) via 129 EMS system, and 582(26%) via other hospital ambulances 3) 270(12%) patients were classified into urgent, 894(405) into emergent, and 1,086(48.4%) into non-emergent. 4) For the patients via 119 system, 102(9.1%) patients were classified urgent and 630(56.1%) non-emergent, via 129 EMS system, 78(14.3%) urgent and 228(41.8%) non-emergent, and via other hospital ambulances, 90(15.5%) urgent and 228(39.2%) non-emergent. These results show that patients who visited level Ⅲ emergency care center via ambulances were classified into non-emergent about 50%. We conclude that if more effective classifying system which used by EMT for emergency patients is applyed, non-emergent patients can be transferred to more low grade emergency center, and the overcrowding of level Ⅲ emergency center can be improved.

감귤로부터 분리한 Sucrose Synthase 유전자 특성 분석

김인중,김찬식 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2006 방사선응용과학연구소논문집 Vol.20 No.-

中小輸出ㆍ入企業의 會計處理實態

曺廷煥,張仁植 慶北大學校出版部 1998 經商論集 Vol.26 No.1