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IL-β의 인슐린 분비 자극효과와 그 과정에 관여하는 인자들
정인경,오승훈,강동묵,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.4
연구배경: IL1β는 용량과 노출시간에 따라 인슐린분비에 대해 상반되는 효과를 가지고 있다. IL1β의 인슐린 분비 억제효과는 제1혁명 당뇨병의 자가면역 기전과 관련되어 잘 알려져 있으나 인슐린 자극효과에 대해서는 아직 명백히 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 저자 등은 IL1β의 다양한 농도에 따라 백서의 췌도세포에서 인슐린 분비에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 그 기전으로 인슐린 생합성, iNOS의 발현, 칼슘통로의 활성도 변화여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:200∼300g인 수컷 SpragueDawley 백서의 췌도를 변형된 Lacy&Kostianovsky's 방법으로 분리한 후 IL1β의 다양한 농도(0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500pmol/L)에 2, 6, 24시간 노출시켜 췌도세포의 형태, 생존능을 관찰하고 인슐린 분비능 및 췌도세포내 인슐린 함량을 측정하였으며, 전전구 인슐린 mRNA발현, iNOS mRNA발현을 RTPCR을 통해 확인하였고, 세포의 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화 여부를 측정하였다. 결과:1) IL1β에 노출되 췌도의 생존능:2시간 노출시는 대조군과 차이가 없었으나, 6시간 고농도군과 24시간 모든 군에서 생존능이 감소되었다. 2)인슐린 분비능은 IL1β를 2시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도와 6시간 0.5pmol/L 저농도 처리시 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였으나, 6시간과 24시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서는 의미있게 인슐린의 분비가 억제 되었다. 3)췌도내 인슐린양의 변화는 IL1β의 시간과 농도에 따라 배지내의 인슐린 변화와 비슷한 경향을 보였으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 4)전전구인슐린의 mRNA발현은 2시간 50pmol/L이상 고농도의 IL1β에서 의미있게 증가하였고, 6시간 처리군에서는 의미있는 차이는 없었으나, 24시간에서 IL1β의 용량의존적으로 억제되었다. 5)iNOS mRNA는 IL1β 처리 후 2시간부터 발현되기 시작하여, 6시간에 최고에 달한 후 24시간에는 점차 감소하였다. IL1β의 처리시간과 무관하게 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서 용량에 따라 발현이 증가하였다. 6)칼슘통로 활성도는 IL1β의 농도나 시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: IL1β는 단시간 고용량이나 장기간 저용량에서 인슐린 분비와 생합성을 증가시키며, 이런 효과는 iNOS나 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화와는 무관한 것으로 생각된다. Background : The inhibitory effort of IL-1β on the insulin secretion has been validated in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, but complex results about the stimulatory effect of IL-1β have been reported. The aims of this study are to clarify the effects of IL-1βon insulin secretion of pancreatic islets and to investigate the mechanisms in terms of preproinsulin synthesis, inducible NOS expression, and calcium channel activity. Method : Islets were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat by modified Lacy-Kostianovsky's method. After islets were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 pmol/L) and exposure time (2, 6, 24 hours) of IL-1β, morphology, viability, static stimulation of insulin to glucose, insulin content, preproinsulin mRNA expression, iNOS mRNA expression and calcium channel activity were measured. Results : 1) Viability o islets was reduced in high concentrations of long term exposure of IL-1β. 2) Insulin secretion was stimulated in islets treated with 5, 50, and 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. 3) Insulin content was not significantly different regardless of concentration and exposure time of IL-1β. 4) Preproinsulin mRNA expression increased in islets treated with 50, 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. After 24 hours, it decreased in dose dependent manner. 5) iNOS mRNA expression was detectable after 2 hours in the presence of IL-1β, peaks at 6 hour and decreased after 24 hours. It was increased above 5 pmol/L of IL-1β in dose dependent manner. 6) Activities of the voltage-dependent Ca^2+ channels were not different among groups. Conclusion : IL-1β plays a positive role in terms of insulin secretion and insulin synthesis in high concentration of short term or low concentration of long term. These effects of IL-1β might be neither dependent of iNOS pathway nor Ca^2+ channel activity (J Kor Diabetes Asso 431~443, 2000).
점성토(粘性土)의 시간의존적(時間依存的) 응력(應力) - 변형(變形) 특성(特性)에 관한 연구(硏究)
지인택 ( Chee In Taeg ),강예묵 ( Kang Yea Mook ) 한국농공학회 1988 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.30 No.4
This paper was carried out to investigate the existence of a unique stress- strain behavior by obtaining some factors influencing the time dependent stress- strain behavior of clay. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The relationship between stress ratro and strain in normally consolidated clay was in- dependent on pre-shear consolidation pressure. Therefore, shear strain could be expressed as a function with stress ratio. 2. The constitutive equation of shear strain on Modified Carn Clay Model coincided better with the observed value than Cam Clay Model. 3. The relationships between deviator stress and shear strain, between pore water pressure and shear strain were unified by the mean equivalent pressure. 4. The shear strain contour in norrnally consolidated clay was increased linearly through origin, but that in overconsolidated clay was not in accordance with the result of the former. 5. Because the effective stress path of normally consolidated clay was unified by the mean equivalent pressure, state boundary surface in (e,p,q) space was transformed into two dimensional surface. But it was considered to be suitable that the unified stress- strain in overconsolidated clay be expressed by a function with overconsolidation ratio. 6. The deviator for constant strain was increased linearly with increment of strain rate (ε) on semi-log scale, but pore water pressure was decreased. 7. The behavior of stress relaxation was transformed from linear to curvilinear with increment of strain rate before stress relaxation test, and pore water pressure was increased in total range. 8. The strain of creep was increased linearly with increment of time on semi-log scale. The greater the strain rate before creep test became, the greater the increment of strain of creep became. And the pore water pressure during creep test was increased generally with increment of time on semi-log scale. 9. The phenomena of stress relaxation and creep of clay were influenced greatly with strain rate before stress relaxation and creep test. Therefore, it is considered that the strain rates (ε) before stress relaxation and creep test should be dealed with a new factor in constitution equation of soil.
치은섬유아세포와 치은인대세포의 형태와 화학주성에 미치는 대조추출물의 효과에 관한 연구
양창호,류인철,최상묵,정종평,Yang, Chang-Ho,Ryu, In-Chul,Choi, Sang-Mook,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1995 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.25 No.2
The most important object of periodontal treatment is the perfect regeneration of destructed periodontal tissue. The healing of periodontal lesion is affected by several cells & factors, which result in formation of long juntional epithelium, root resorption, bony ankylosis or connective tissue attachment. And ideal healing is enhanced by epithilial exclusion or periodontal ligament cell activation. In this investigation, I studied the effect of Zizyphus Fructus extract which enhances biologic activity& collagen synthesis, on the chemotaxis & cell nature. The cells were obtained from interdental area & middle third area of the freshly extracted teeth for the orthodontic purpose. And they were fully incubated in${\alpha}-MEM$ solution containing $100{\mu]g/ml$ penicillin & $100{\mu]g/ml$ streptomycin followed by 6 generation incubation. The test cells were collected by trypsin-EDTA & centrifuge in the fully incubated cells, counted by Hernacyotmeter, incbated $5{\times}10^5/ml$ cells for 24 hours, re-incubated 24 hours in media containing natural extract and photographed. The cells were incubated for 4 hours in 48 well microchemotaxis chamber bisecting upper & lower chamber by 8ug/m pore polycarbonate membrane coating 5mg/ml gelatin solution. The migrated cells in microscope were counted, which meaned cell chemotaxis activity. The study had shown that the morphology of cell was spindle-shaped as the control group, and the subextract test groups were not significantly different. In gingival fibroblasts, the chemotaxis effect of PDGF was statistically significant compared to control group. The Zizyphus Fructus extract was more or less enhanced chemotaxis effect and in $1{\mu}g/ml$ concentration the chemotaxis effect was slightly elevated compared with $10{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. But, among the subextracts, it was not significantly defferent. In PDL cells, the chemotaxis effect of PDGF in statistically significant, and the zizyphus Fructus extract had shown the enhanced effect. The effect was slightly higher in $1{\mu}g/ml$ concentration than 10g/ml concentration,and no significance among the subextracts.
박상현,한승민,최상목,구영,류인철,한수부,이학모,김문무,김상년,정종평,Park, Sang-Hyun,Han, Seoung-Min,Choi, Sang-Mook,Ku, Young,Rhyu, In-Chul,Han, Soo-Boo,Lee, Hak-Mo,Kim, Moon-Moo,Kim, Sang-Nyun,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1999 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.29 No.1
Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) is a hydrophilic gall bladder acid and has been used as a effective drug for liver disease related to in1munity. This drug inhibits secretions of IL-2, IL-4, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ from T-cells and production of immunoglobulin from B-cells. Also it has been reported that UDCA inhibits production of IL-1 related to the progression of periodontal disease and activation of collagenases. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of UDCA on inhibition of periodontal disease progression using clinical, microbiological and histometrical parameters. Twelve pure bred, 16 month-old-beagle dogs were used in the study. After ligature-induced periodontal diseases were formed, experimental drugs were applied twice a day and then the results of clinical, microbiological, and histometrical parameters were measured at baselie(initiation of experiment) , 4weeks and 8weeks. The gel with UDCA(concentration 0.5%, 5% 3 dogs in each) was applied to experimental group, chlorhexidine to positive control group(3dogs) and the gel without UDCA(base) to negative control group. After induction of general anesthesia, the maxillary 2nd, 3rd premolars and 1st molar and the mandibular 2nd, 3rd, 4th premolars and 1st molar were ligated in one side selected randomly and were not ligated in the opposite side. The plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI), pocket depth(PD) and gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) volum were measured clinically. The PI and GI were measured at 3 buccal points of all experimental teeth and the GCF was measured only at the 3rd premolar in the maxilla and the 4th premolar in the mandible. In the microbiological study, the samples extracted from the 3rd premolar of the maxilla and the 4th premolar of the mandible at the center of buccal surface were analyzed aerobics, anaerobics and Streptococcus colony forming units, After clinical and microbiological examination at 8weeks, the dogs were sacrificed by carotid artery perfusion. The samples were fixed and sectioned including interproximal area, and the distance from cementoenamel junction(CEJ) to alveolar crest was measured. The results were that PI, GI and PD increased until 4 weeks and decreased at 8 weeks in three groups but the differences between all the groups were not significant. The 0.5% UDCA in non-ligated group showed remarkable decrease of GCF. The experimental group applied 5% UDCA decreased the number of aerobics and anaerobics. The distance from CEJ to alveolar crest was greater in the negative control group on both ligated and non-ligated sides, but the differences were not significant stastically.
김순선,최기환,김학림,황인창,김동섭,신윤용,류항묵,장영섭 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-
본 연구에서는 만성간염둥 간낄환 01방 및 치료제로서 오래전부터 널러 사용죄고 있으나 그 작용기전이 화실히 밝궈져있지 않은오미자에서 추출한 을hisandrin C의 합성 동족체, biphenf·1 dimethrt carboxylate(ODB)의 간장 보호자용 기전 연구의 일환으로 DDB를 시간(I~T일) 및 용량(25, 50, 100, 200mg/kg)별로 랫드에 투여한 훌 간장내 약물대사효소, CYPtAl과 CYPEBI mRNA 합량을 PolyrEerasff chain reation(PCR)밟법으로 측정하고 CfPIAl에 특이한 ethoxyruesorfin-o-deethylase(EROD)와 CYPaBt에 특이한 benzyloxyresorufin-o- dealkrlase(BROD) 활성을 측정한 결꽈, DDB가 CYPIAI mRNA 힘·량 및 EROD활성에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 CYPfBl 유전자 발현을 유도시키고 CYPEBI에 특이한 fiROD 될성을 증가시켰다. DD8의 이러한 CYPEBI 유전자 발현유도 효과는 투여시간, 용량에 비례하여 3일, 200rag/kg투여시에 극대치를 나타내었으며 BROD찰상 역시 투여시간, 용량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 또한 DDB의 간보호 효과를 평가하기 위해 DDB를 용량(25, 50, 100,200mgJkg)별로 4일간 연속 길구투여하고 DDB 최종투여 3시간후 CCI,(0.3mJ/kg, i.p)를 처치하여 간독성을 유발 시킨 후, CYPfBl mRNA 함량과 BROD 활성을 조사하고 간조직 검사를 실시하였으며 혈청내 aminotransferase 꽉성 및 간소포체내 lipid perflxidation을 측정하였다. DOB 전투여는 CCI, 처치에 의왜 감소된 CYPBBI mRNA 함량자 BHOD 활성을 용량의콘적으로 증가시켰으며 CCI, 처치에 의해 증가된 혈청내 ALT 활성과 간 소포체 막의 lipid peroxidation을 감소시켰다. 혈청내 ALT 활성같 간 소포체 막치 lipid peroxidation에 근거하면 DDB는 CCI, 처치로 유발된 간독성에 럴호효롸를 나타내며 그 효과는 50mg/kg;투여시에 최대인 것으로 보인다. 반면, CCI, 처치에 의해 유발된 간 표면의 섬유화, 간세포 괴사 및 공포화 변성은 DDB 투여에 의해 통계적으로 유의성있는 개선 효과를보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 DDB가 CYP2린1 유전자 발현 및 BROD 활성을 시간 및 용량의존적으로 증가시킴을 나타내며 DDB의 free radical scavenger가능성을 제시한다. 미와 더불어 전년도 시험물질, 대황 및 마황의 환셩성분인 rhein, eptledrine과 황금의 지표성분인 baicalin이 간 대사 및 독성에 미치는 영향을 비교평가 하기 위해 rhein 및 ephedrinr·을 각각 20, 10mg/kg 용량으로 랫드에 4일간 복강주사하고 baicalin은 4mg/kg 용량으로 7일간 경구투여한 후, 간장내 약물대사 효소 CYPIAI과 CYPaBl 유전자 발현정도를 조사하고 애들에 특이한 EROD 와 BROD활성, 혈청내 ALT, AST 활성 및 간소포체내 지질과 산화물(rnslondialdehyde) 함량을 측정한 결과, ephedrine은 만성간염지표인 ALT/AS? ratio을 증가시키고(p (0.03) rhein은 MDA함량을 증가시켰는데,(p(0.01) 이는 대황 투여에 의한 간 소포체 막의 lipid peroxidation증가는 rhein에,마황에 의한 혈청내 ALT/AST ratio증가는 ephedrine에 기인함을 시사해주는 결과이며 금의 지표성분인 baicalin투여에 의해서는 혈청중 ALT 및 AST 활성이 재조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되어(p(0.05) baiealin의 간보호 가능성을 제시하였다. Biphenyl diinethyl dicarboxylate(DDB) is a synthetic analogue of SchiBandrin C isolated from SchiBandrae Fructus and has been widely used for its hepatic protective effect. This study has beenundertaken to examine the effect of DDB on rat liver drug metaboliEing enzymes and to understand theprotective mechanism of D:DB against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) -induced hepatic toxicity in rat liver.After DDB was administered into male rats for different periods of time(1 ~7 days) ana with differentdoses(25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg), mRNA levels of CYPIAI and CYPaHl were measured by polymerasechain reaction (PCR) and also assayed the activities of CYP IAI specific ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase(EROD) and CYPfBl sf)ecific benzyloxyresorufin-o-dealkylase (BROD) . Furthermore, rats werepretreated with DDB 25, 5() and 100 mg/ltg daily for 4 days, 3-hours after final treatrneBt on the 4thday, CCI, 0.3mf/kg was intraperitonially injected into the rats. Activities of serum aminotransferaseswere assayed and determirled lipid peroxidation(production of ualondialdehyde) in hepatic microsomeand done histopathological examination. DDB treatment resulted in increase in CYPaBl mRMA leveland BROD activity whereas there was no change in CYPIAI niRNA level and EROD activity. This ef-fect of DDB was time and dose dependent reaching maximal level by 3 day and 200mg/kg treatment.Based oi?'studies of serum ALT level and lipid peroxidation, D:DB SOmg/kg pretreatinent appeared themost effective protection against CCI,-induce4 hepatotoxicity. :However, histopathological examinationdid not significantly show any improving effect on balloning degeneration and necrosis caused by CCI,treatment. These results in.dicate that DDB stimulates CYPEBI ruRNA level and BROD activity in timeand dose dependent manner and suggest protective effect of DDB against CCI,-induced hepatotoxicitymight be exerted through free radical scavenging. In addition, we have also investigated the effects ofrhein, ephedrine and baicaBin on hepatic toxicity and metabolism in rat liver in order to compare withtheir natural products f·hick are Rhei Rhizoma, Ephedrae Hel·ba and Scutellariae Radix, respectively.After rhein 20 and ephedrine 10mg/kg were intraperitonially injected into the rats daily for 4 daysrespectively compared as bacaBin was treated orally for 7 days, the expression of CYPIAI and CYPfBlwere examined and tlleir dependent EROD and BROD activities were assayed. The levels of serumaainotransferases and hepatic rnaiondialdehyde(MDA ) were Beasured as well. Ephedrine treatment in-creased in CYPIAI specific EROD activity and the ratio of serum ALT/AST ratio, a marker of chronichepatitis(p <0.01). MDA level was enhanced by rhein treatmentfp < 0.01), but baicalin reduced serumALT and AST levels compared to control group (p < 0.05) .
기능성 Zeolite-KCIO₃ 복합체에 의한 Chlorothalonil의 분해
최충렬,박만,이동훈,이병묵,이인구,최정,김장억 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Salt occlusion in zeolite is a unique phenomenon that takes place only when the salt size is similar to the window size of host zeolite. KClO₃-occluded zeolite, as an environment-friendly oxidant, has a high potential for effective removal of various organic pollutants. This study was carried to investigate the characteristics and the removal kinetics of fungicide chlorothalonil by zeolite-KClO₃ complex. About 10% of KClO₃ was occluded in zeolite pores synthesized by salt-thermal method from fly ash, although the occlusion amount was relatively less compared to that of nitrate salts. By occlusion with KClO₃, no remarkable changes were found in X-ray diffraction patterns of cancrinite, whereas some decrease of overall peak intensities was found with those of sodalite. Different releasing kinetics of ClO^(-)₃ ion were observed in distilled water and soil solution from zeolite-KClO₃ complex. Two reactions, hydration and diffusion, seem to be related with the release of KClO₃. Therefore, the release isotherm of ClO^(-)₃ ion well fitted to the power function model which indicate the release was made by hydration and diffusion. The removal of chlorothalonil by zeolite and KClO₃ reached at reaction equilibrium within 6 hours by 18% and 47%, respectively. However, the chlorothalonil removal by the zeolite-KClO₃ complex increased slowly and steadily up to 92% in 96 hours. These findings suggested that zeolite-KClO₃ complex could be applied for effective removal of organic contaminants in the soil and aqueous environment.
고에너지 물질 시뮬란트의 분산도의 In-Line 모니터링
이상묵(Sang Mook Lee),홍인권(In Kwon Hong),안영준(Young Joon Ahn),이재욱(Jae Wook Lee) 한국고분자학회 2014 폴리머 Vol.38 No.3
고온용 초음파 측정 시스템을 장착한 이축압출기를 이용하여 고에너지 물질 시뮬란트의 분산도를 실시간으로모니터링하는 연구를 하였다. 결합제 수지 및 충전제로 ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA)와 Dechlorane plus 25를 각각사용하여 고에너지 물질 시뮬란트 현탁계를 구성하였다. 충전 부피분율이 증가함에 따라 현탁계의 초음파 속도는전혀 변화를 보이지 않았으나 초음파 감쇠는 선형적으로 감소하였는 바 고르게 분산된 현탁계를 대상으로 초음파감쇠를 측정하면 충전함량을 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 60 v% 이상으로 충전된 고농축 현탁계에서는 반복압출실험을 수행한 결과 초음파 감쇠의 편차가 감소하여 직선값에 접근하는 경향을 보이는 바 분산도의 증가하는것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 on-line 및 in-line으로 측정된 초음파 감쇠와 off-line으로 SEM 및 Image Analyzer 그리고 열중량분석을 병행함으로써 분산도 및 충전 함량을 평가할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. We studied in-line monitoring the dispersion of highly energetic material simulant by a twin screw extruderhaving a high temperature ultrasonic system. The simulant suspension system consisted of ethylene vinyl acetate andDechlorane plus 25 as binder and filler, respectively. With increasing filling fraction, the ultrasonic velocity was notchanged but the attenuation linearly decreased. It was possible to estimate the solid fraction of well dispersed suspensionsystem by measuring ultrasonic attenuation. The ultrasonic attenuation of samples filled over 60 v% approached straightline with increasing filling fraction when the samples was extruded repeatedly. It was due to the enhanced dispersion ofsolid particles in the suspension system. It was believed that the degree of dispersion and filling fraction could be obtainedby combination of on-line measurement like ultrasonic attenuation and off-line analysis like TGA and SEM with imageanalyzer.