일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

김인아(In Ah Kim),최일봉(Ihl Bhong Choi),강기문(Ki Mun Kang),장지영(Jie Young Jang),문한림(Han Lim Mun),송정섭(Jung Sub Song),이선희(Sun Hee Lee),곽문섭(Mun Sub Kuak),신경섭(Kyung Sub Shinn) 대한방사선종양학회 1997 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.15 No.1

목 적 : 국소진행된 III기 비소세포성 폐암에서 방사선감작제로서의 저용량 Cisplatin과 방사선 동시병합요법의 효과를 알아보고자하여, 관해율, 전체생존율, 무병생존율 및 치료에 따른 부작용을 방사선 단독치료군과 후향적으로 비교분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 4월부터 1994년 3월까지 32명의 III기 비소세포성 폐암환자(IIIa 12명, IIIb 20명)가 항암제 및 방사선동시병합요법을 받았다. 방사선치료는 3000cGy/ 10회를 2주간에 걸쳐 시행한 뒤 3주후에 2500cGy/ 10회를 추가하였으며, 방사선감작제로 cis platin 6mg/m2를 매일 방사선치료 전에 정맥주사하였다. 추적관찰기간은 13개월에서 48개월로 중간값은 24개월이었다. 방사선단독치료군 32명(IIIa 13명, IIIb 19명)은 매일 170- 200cGy씩 총 5580- 7000cGy (중간값 5960cGy) 치료받았으며, 추적관찰기간은 36개월에서 105개월로 중간값은 62개월이었다. 결 과 : cis platin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선 단독치료군에 비해 유의하게 높은완전반응률(18.8% vs . 5.6%)및 낮은 조사야내 재발율(25% vs . 47%)을 나타내었다. 2년 전체생존율은 Cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 17%, 방사선단독치료군이 9.4%로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다.국소재발 없는 2년 무병생존율(16.5% vs. 5.3%) 및 원격전이 없는 2년 무병생존율(17% vs. 4.6%)도 두군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 Karnofsky performance scale 80 이상인 환자군만을 대상으로 분석한 결과, cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 유의하게 높은 2년 전체생존율을 보였다(62.5% vs. 15.6%). 전체생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자로 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군에 있어서는 performance status 및 조직학적 진단유형(상피세포암 vs. 비상피세포암)으로 나타났고, 방사선단독치료군에 있어서는 performance status 및 병기(IIIa vs. IIIb)로 나타났다. 치료에 따른 급성부작용으로 RTOG/ECOG grade 2 이상의 오심, 구토는 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독치료군 (22% vs. 6%)에 비해 유의하게 높은 빈도를 나타내었다. Gra de 2 이상의 혈액학적 독성은 Cis platin- 방사선동시요법군에서 방사선단독치료군에 비해 높은 빈도를 나타내었다(25% vs. 15.6%). 방사선단독치료군에 비해 cis platin- 방사선동시요법군에서, RTOG/ECOG Grade 2 이상의 폐독성의 빈도(31% vs. 19%)나 WHO Grade 3 이상의 폐섬유화의 빈도(38% vs. 25%)의 유의한 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. 방사선치료부위의 면적이 200cm2 이상이었던 경우, 두군 모두에서 폐독성 빈도의 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결 론 : cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 높은 국소제어율을 나타내었으나, 전체생존율이나 무병생존율의 유의한 증가는 보이지 않았다. KPS 80이상인 환자군에 있어서는 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독군에 비해 높은 전체생존율을 보였다. cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법군에서 급성부작용이 증가되는 경향을 보였으나, 방사선에 의한 폐독성의 유의한 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법군이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 1년 이내에 조기사망율이 높은 반면, 2년이상 장기생존율이 높은 경향을 보여, 이러한 환자군에 대한 장기적인 추적조사를 통해 생존율에 대한 본 치료의 영향을 좀더 명확하게 평가할 수 있을것으로 기대되며, 향후 치료효과를 증가시키기위해 large fraction size의 split course RT 대신 continuous course의 conventional RT 혹은 hyperfractionated RT와 Cisplatin의 동시병합요법 등이 고려되어야할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : This study was tried to evaluate the potential be nefits of concurrent chemoradiation therapy (low dose daily cisplatin combined with split course radiation therapy) compared with conventional radiation thera py alone in stage III non- small cell lung cancer. The end points of analyses were responserate , overalls urvival, survival without locoregional failure , survival without distant metastasis , prognostic factors affecting survival and treatment related toxicities. Materials and Methods : Between April 1992 and March 1994, 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Radiation therapy for 2 weeks (300cGy given 10 times up to 3000cGy) followed by a 3 weeks rest period and then radiation therapy for 2 more weeks (250cGy given 10 times up to 2500cGy) was combined with 6mg/M2 of cisplatin. Follow-up period ranged from 13 months to 48 months with median of 24 months . Historical control group consisted of 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were received conventionally fractionated (daily 170- 200cGy) radiation therapy a lone. Total radiation dose ranged from 5580cGy to 7000cGy with median of 5940cGy. Follow-up period ranged from 36 months to 105 months with median of 62 months . Results : Complete reponse rate was higher in chemoradiation therapy (CRT) group than radiation therapy (RT) group (18.8% vs. 6.3%). CRT group showed lower in-field failure rate compared with RT group(25% vs. 47%). The overall survival rate had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group(17.5% vs. 9.4% at 2 years). The survival without locoregional failure (16.5% vs. 5.3% at 2 years) and survival without distant metastas is (17% vs. 4.6% at 2 years) also had no significant differences . In subgroup analyses for patients with good performance status (Karnofsky performance scale 80), CRT group showed significantly higher overall survival rate compared with RT group (62.5% vs. 15.6% at 2 years). The prognostic factors affecting survival rate were performance status and pathologic subtype (squamous cell cancer vs. nonsquamous cell cancer) in CRT group. In RT alone group, performance status and stage (IIIa vs IIIb) were identified as a prognostic factors . RTOG/EORTC grade 2-3 nausea and vomiting(22% vs. 6%) and bone marrow toxicities (25% vs. 15.6%) were significantly higher in CRT group compared with RT alone group. The incidence of RTOG/EORTC grade 3-4 pulmona ry toxicity had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group (16% vs. 6%). The incidence of WHO grade 3-4 pulmonary fibrosis also had no significant differences in both group(38% vs . 25%). In analyses for relationship of field size and pulmonary toxicity, the patients who treated with field size beyond 200cm2 had s ignificantly higher rates of pulmonary toxicities. Conclusion : The CRT group showed significantly higher local control rate than RT group. There were no significant differences of survival rate in between two groups. The subgroup of patients who had good performa nce status showed higher overall survival rate in CRT group than RT group. In spite of higher incidence of acute toxicities with concurrent chemoradiation therapy, the survival gain in subgroup of patients with good pe rformance status were encouraging. CRT group showed higher rate of early death within 1 year, higher 2 year survival rate compared with RT group. The refore, to evaluate the accurate effect on survival of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, systematic follow-up for long term survivors are needed.

Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Stage Ⅲ Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Song, Jung Sub,Jang, Jie Young,Shinn, Kyung Sub,Lee, Sun Hee,Choi, Ihl Bhong,Kim, In Ah,Kang, Ki Mun,Park, Jae Gil,Kuak, Mun Sub THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF KOREA 1997 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.25 No.-

This study was tried to evaluate the potential benefits of concurrent chemoradiation therapy(low dose daily cisplatin combined with split course radiation therapy) compared with conventional radiation therapy alone in stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer. The end points of analyses were response rate, overall survival, survival without locoregional failure, survival without distant metastasis, prognostic factors affecting survival and treatment related toxicities. Between April 1992 and March 1994, 32 patients who had stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Radiation therapy for 2 weeks (300 cGy given 10 times up to 3000 cGy) followed by a 3 weeks rest period and then radiation therapy for 2 more weeks(250 cGy given 10 times up to 2500 cGy) was combined with 6㎎/M^2 of cisplatin. Follow-up period ranged from 13 months to 48 months with median of 24 months. Historical control group consisted of 32 patients who had stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer were received conventionally fractionated(daily 170-200 cGy) radiation therapy alone. Total radiation dose ranged from 5580 cGy to 7000 cGy with median of 5940 cGy. Follow-up period ranged from 36 months to 105 months with median of 62 months. Complete reponse rate was higher in chemoradiation therapy(CRT) group than radiation thernpy(RT) group(18.8% vs. 6.3%). CRT group showed lower in-field failure rate compared with RT group(25% vs. 47%). The overall survival rate and no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group(17.5% vs. 9.4% at 2 years). The survival without locoregional failure (16.5% vs. 5.3% at 2 years) and survival without distant metastasis(17% vs. 4.6% at 3 years) also had no significant differences. In subgroup analyses for patients with good performance status(Karnofsky performance scale≥80), CRT group showed significantly higher overall survival rate compared with RT group(62.5% vs. 15.6% at 2 years). The prognostic factors affecting survival rate were performance status and pathologic subtype(sqamous cell cancer vs. nonsquamous cell cancer) in CRT group. In RT alone group, performance status and stage (Ⅲa vs. Ⅲb) were identified as a prognostic factors. RTOG/EORTC grade 2-3 nausea and vomiting(22% vs. 6%) and bone marrow toxicities(25% vs. 15.6%) were significantly higher in CRT group compared with RT alone group. The incidence of RTOG/EORTC grade 3-4 pulmonary toxicity had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group(16% vs. 6%). The incidence of WHO grade 3-4 pulmonary fibrosis also had no significant differences in both group(38% vs. 25%). In analyses for relationship of field size and pulmonary toxicity, the patients who treated with field size beyond 200㎠ had significantly higher rates of pulmonary toxicities. Conclusions: The CRT group showed significantly higher local control rate than RT group. There were no significant differences of survival rate in between two groups. The subgroup of patients who had good performance status showed higher overall survival rate in CRT group than RT group. In spite of higher incidence of acute toxicities with concurrent chemoradiation therapy, the survival gain in subgroup of patients with good performance status were encouraging. CRT group showed higher rate of early death within 1 year, higher 2 year survival rate compared with RT group. Therefore, to evaluate the accurate effect on survival of con- current chemoradiation therapy, systematic follow-up for long termsurvivors are needed.

어깨 근막통 증후군에서 어깨 관절운동범위에 대한 분석

김정수,김인아,이수진,김용규,박시복,고재우,송재철 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate if the measurement of range of motion(ROM) could be applied in the diagnosis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome(MPS) and to determine the severity by analyzing ROM in MPS patients. Methods: The study subjects were 476 female telephone number information service workers. Southampton Protocol and Pittsburgh Protocol were used to diagnose MPS and to measure ROM. ROMs were measured by 2 inclinometers exercising each shoulder passively and actively in 5 directions ; abduction, forward flexion, extension, external rotation, and internal rotation. Results: Compared to the normal group (n=147), the mean of right side ROM in the subjects (n=270) with same side MPS was 2.1˚ (SD=11.5) lesser in active extension and 1.7˚ (SD=10.4) lesser in passive extension. Compared to the mild group (n=210), the mean of right side ROM in the patients with same side severe MPS (N=58) was lesser in all directions. Especially in active forward flexion, passive forward flexion, active extension, passive extension and active external rotation, ROM in the subjects with severe MPS was lesser by 6.5˚ (SD=13.1), 5.1˚ (SD=12.8), 5.9˚ (SD=11.8), 5.0˚ (SD=10.6) and 3.9˚ (SD=9.8), respectively, than those of the subjects with mild MPS. Compared to the subjects with left side mild MPS(n=172), ROM in the subjects with left side severe MPS (n=59) was 5.3˚ (SD=13.3) lesser in active forward flexion. Conclusions: In this study, ROMs in the subjects with severe MPS tended to be lesser than those in mild patients. This tendency was more prominent in the right side than the left, active range of motion than passive and forward flexion and extension than others. The results of this study are expected to help diagnose shoulder MPS and determine severity.

HPLC를 이용한 지역 농산물의 비타민 B₆ 함량 분석

최소라 ( So-ra Choi ),송은주 ( Eun-ju Song ),송영은 ( Young-eun Song ),최민경 ( Min-kyung Choi ),한현아 ( Hyun-ah Han ),이인석 ( In-sok Lee ),신소희 ( So-hee Shin ),이기권 ( Ki-kwon Lee ),최용민 ( Young-min Choi ),김행란 ( Haeng-r 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

Contents of water soluble vitamin B6 in a total of 62 agricultural products cultivated in local areas in Korea were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD). To verify the method of vitamin B6 analysis, a quality control chart was formulated with in-house control using a mixture of broccoli and shiitake mushrooms. Among cereals, high content of vitamin B6 measured 234.3~260.3 μg/100 g in dried mung bean and soybean. Vitamin B6 content of non-glutinous and glutinous black rice measured 105.0 μg/100 g and 129.7 μg/100 g, respectively. In vegetables, high content of vitamin B6 were measured in passion fruit (104.3 μg/100 g), gat (55.7~84.3 μg/100 g), gomchwi (31.3~88.0 μg/100 g) and garlic (72.7~98.3 μg/100 g). Among fruits, gold kiwi 'Zespri' and green kiwi 'Hayward' revealed high vitamin B6 content of 116.3 μg/100 g and 78.7 μg/100 g, respectively. In persimmons, daebongsi had high vitamin B6 content (36.0~72.7 μg/100 g) than bansi and sweet persimmon. Vitamin B₆ content in dried jujube and persimmon increased more than 86.7 μg/100 g compared to fresh materials. Among specialty crops, green tea powder (64.7~251.0 μg/100 g) and sansuyu (172.3 μg/100 g) revealed high content. Of mushrooms, vitamin B6 content of Sparassis crispa (139.3 μg/100 g) was the highest. Vitamin B6 content information of agricultural products in local areas in Korea collected from this experiment will be used as valuable preliminary data for grasp national nutritional status.

초등 과학 생명 영역 내용에 대한 학생들의 의문 유형과 해결방법에 관한 연구

임채성,최은아,박정인,이수진 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2004 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

In this study, the frequencies and types of questions about LIFE areas of the Science Curriculum of elementary school students were investigated through in-depth interviews with twelve 4th and 5th graders. The results of the research can be summarized as follows: (1) In conjectural question, the proportions of 'object exploration question' and 'object verification question' were high in all of the 4th graders and the students of low achievement level. (2) The numbers of causal questions generated by the 4th graders were much higher than those of the 5th graders. (3) The frequencies of the predictive, methodological, applicative questions were very low both in 4th and 5th grade students. (4) The numbers of conjectural questions were more in all students except the low achievement level of 4th graders at not-yet-taken contents than at already-taken ones. (5) The numbers of causal questions were more in all students except the low and middle achievement levels of 4th graders at not-yet-taken contents than at already-taken ones. (6) The numbers of the predictive, methodological, applicative questions of the 4th graders were more at not-yet-taken contents than at already-taken ones, whereas opposite trend in the 5th graders. (7) The numbers of students' curriculum-related questions were more in all students except the low and middle achievement levels of 4th graders at not-yet-taken contents than at already-taken ones. (8) As ways for solving or seeking answers about questions, the 4th graders suggested methods of consulting experts or teachers (23.9%), internet searching (21.6%), and books or science-related encyclopedia (20.3%), while the 5th graders suggested the internet searching (36.5%), consulting experts or teachers (24.8%), and books or science-related encyclopedia (17.7%). Based an these results, we suggest several ways for improving the question-posing abilities of the students and adequate use of students' questions in the process of science teaching learning.

국소재발된 두경부종양의 무고정틀 정위적 분할방사선치료

김인아(In Ah Kim),최일봉(Ihl Bhong Choi),장지영(Ji Young Jang),강기문(Ki Mun Kang),조승호(Seung Ho Jho),김형태(Hyung Tae Kim),이경진(Kyung Jin Lee),최창락(Chang Rak Choi) 대한두경부종양학회 1998 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Background & Objectives: Frameless fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy(FFSRT) is a modification of stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) with radiobiologic advantage of fractionation without losing mechanical accuracy of SRS. Local recurrence of head and neck cancer at or near skull base benefit from reirradiation. Main barrier to successful palliation is dose limitation secondary to normal tissue tolerance. We try to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FFSRT as a new modality of reirradaton in these challenging patients. Materials & Methods: Seven patients with recurrent head & neck cancer involving at or near skull base received FFSRT from September 1995 to November 1997. Six patients with nasopharyngeal cancer had received induction chemotherapy and curative radiation therapy. One patient with maxillary sinus cancer had received total maxillectomy and postoperative radiation therapy as a initial treatment. Follow-up ranged from 11 to 32 months with median of 24 months. Three of 7 patients received hyperfractionated radiation therapy(1.1-1.2Gy/fraction, bid, total 19.8-24Gy) just before FFSRT. All patients received FFSRT(3-5Gy/fraction, total 15-30Gy/5-10fractions). Chemotherapy(cis-platin 100mg/m(2)) were given concurrently with FFSRT in four patients. Second course of FFSRT were given in 4 patients with progression or recurrence after initial FFSRT. Because IF(irregularity factor; ratio of surface area of target to the surface area of sphere with same volume as a target) is too big to use conventional stereotactic RT using multiple arc method for protection of radiation damage to critical normal tissue, all patients received FFSRT with conformal method using irregular static ports. Results: Five of 7 patients showed complete remission in follow-up CT &/or MRI. Three of these five patients who developed marginal, in-field, and out-field recurrences, respectively. Another one of complete responders has been dead of G-I bleeding without evidence of local recurrence. One partial responder who showed progressive disease 15 months after initial FFSRT has received additional FFSRT, and then he is well-being with symptomatic improvement. One minmal responder who showed progression of locoregional disease 9 months after 1st FFSRT has received 2nd FFSRT, and then he is alive with stable disease. Five of 7 case had showed direct invasion to skull base and had complaint headache and various symptoms of cranial nerve involvement. Four of these five case showed improvement of neurologic symptoms after FFSRT. No significant neurologic complicaltion related to FFSRT was observed during follow-up periods. Tumor volumes were ranged from 3.9 to 50.7 cc and surface area ranged from 16.1 to 114.9cm(2). IF ranged from 1.21 to 1.74. The average ratio of volume of prescription isodose shell to target volume was 1.02 that indicated the improvement of target coverage and dose distribution with FFSRT with conformal method compared to target coverage with FFSRT with multiple arc method. Conclusion: Our initial experience suggests that FFSRT with conformal method was relatively effective and safe modality in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer involving at or near skull base. Treatment benefit included good palliation of symptoms and reasonable radiographic response. However, more experience and additional follow-up are needed to better assess its ultimate role in treating these challenging patients.

치조골 상실에 따른 상악 치아군 저항중심의 변화에 관한 유한요소해석

성상진,김인태,국윤아,전윤식,김성훈,모성서 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.5

효과적인 교정치료계획의 수립을 위하여 치열군의 저항중심의 위치에 대한 평가는 필수적이다. 이번 연구의 목적은 상악 치열군(4전치, 6전치, 14치아)에서 치조골 손실에 따른 저항중심의 위치변화를 조사해보고자 하였다. 상악 전치열 14개 치아와 치주인대 및 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm 손실된 치조골의 3차원 유한요소 모델을 제작하였고 각 치아군(4전치, 6전치, 14치아)별로 치관부를 협측, 설측호선 및 splint wire로 고정하여 치아군 모델을 제작한 후 상악 중절치의 절단연 중점에서 연장된 splint wire에 4전치와 6전치군에는 200 g, 14치아군에는 400 g의 후방 견인력과 압하력을 적용하여 저항중심의 수직적, 수평적 위치를 분석하였다. 4전치군에서 저항중심의 수직 위치는 치조골 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm 손실에 따라 중절치의 절단연에서 치근방향 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm, 수평 위치는 후방 12 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 6전치군에서는 치근방향 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15.5 mm, 후방 14 mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm, 14치아군에서는 치근방향 11 mm, 13 mm, 14.5 mm, 후방 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 25.5 mm에 위치하였다. 모든 치아군에서 저항중심은 치조골 손실에 따라 치근첨 방향으로 이동하였으나, 치조정과의 거리는 가까워졌고, 4전치군과 6전치군에서 저항중심은 치조골 손실에 따라 후방으로 이동하였으나, 14치아군에서는 치조골 2 mm 손실 시에는 후방으로 이동하였으나, 4 mm 손실 시에는 전방으로 이동하였다. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the center of resistance of the maxillary teeth in relation to alveolar bone loss. Methods: A finite element model, which included the upper dentition and periodontal ligament, was designed according to the amount of bone loss (0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm). The teeth in each group were fixed with buccal and lingual arch wires and splint wires. Retraction and intrusion forces of 200 g for 4 and 6 anterior teeth groups and 400 g for the full dentition group were applied. Results: The centers of resistance were at 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm apical and 12 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm posterior in the 4 incisor group; 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm apical and 14 mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm posterior in the 6 anterior teeth group; and 11 mm, 13 mm, 14.5 mm apical and 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 25.5 mm posterior in the full dentition group respectively according to 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm bone loss. Conclusions: The center of resistance shifted apically and posteriorly as alveolar bone loss increased in 4 and 6 anterior teeth groups. However, in the full dentition group, the center of resistance shifted apically and anteriorly in the 4 mm bone loss model.

제1형 당뇨병 환자에서 췌도세포 동종이식의 반복시행

양태영,정인경,서인아,오은영,조건영,오승훈,김성주,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원,도영수,주성욱 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.4

연구배경:췌도세포 이식은 시술이 간편하고 안전하기 때문에 반복이식이 가능하여 그 동안 여러 센터에서 반복이식의 성공을 보고한 바 있다. 국내에서도 본 병원을 비롯하여 몇몇 센터에서 췌도세포 이식이 활발히 시도되고 있으나 사람에서의 동종이식 및 동종 이식의 반복시행은 보고된 바 없는 실정이다. 저자 등은 국내 최초로 췌도세포 동종이식을 시행하여, 혈청 C­펩타이드가 증가하고 인슐린 요구량이 감소하였으며, 혈당농도와 당화혈색소의 안정을 보였다. 그러나 이식 70일 후 다시 인슐린 요구량이 증가하고 C­펩타이드가 감소하여 췌도세포 이식을 다시 시행한 바 있다. 2차 이식 후 70여일이 지난 현재 다시 혈청 C­펩타이드가 증가하고, 인슐린 요구량이 더 감소되어 췌도세포 이식에서 반복 시행의 유용성을 보고하는 바이다. 방법:환자는 32세 남자로 17년전 당뇨병 진단 후 인슐린 치료 중이었으며, 3년전 부터는 만성신부전증으로 혈액툭석을 하고있었다. 1999년 12월 25일 신장이식을 하였고 3일 후 췌도이식을 하였으며, 두번째 이식은 70일 후 시행하였다. 췌도분리는 변형된 Recordi방법과 비연속성 자당 농도차(discontinuous density gradient)를 이용하였으며 분리한 췌도는 배양 후 환자의 신장기능이 정상화되고 미생물학 검사에서 음성을 확인한 후 경피경간으로 간문맥을 접근하여 16G 폴리 에틸렌 카테터를 이용하여 간실질에 이식하였다. 결과:1차 췌도이식시 순수분리전 췌도수는 210,000개, 순수분리후 획득한 췌도수는 90,000개, 순도 95%, 세포양 1.0mL 이었고, 2차 췌도이식시 순수분리전 췌도수는 420,000개, 순수분리후 획득한 췌도수는 370,000개, 순도 95%, 세포양 1.5mL 이었다. 1,2차 모두 간문맥을 통해 약 20분에 걸쳐 간실질에 주입하였다. 췌도이식전 인슐린요구량은 75∼75U/일, HbA1e 8∼10%, C­펩타이드 0.6ng/mL 였으며, 1차 췌도이식수 7일째 인슐린 요구량은 40U/일, C­펩타이드 1.5ng/mL, FPS 109mg/mL 였고, 40일 추적관찰 후 인슐린 요구량이 36U/일, C­펩타이드 1.8ng/mL, HbA1e 6.5∼7.0%로 안정되었다. 그러나 이식 50일째부터 인슐린 요구량이 50∼56U/일, C­펩타이드 0.6ng/mL, FPS 130∼200mg/dL로 혈당 조절이 불안정하여 다시 췌도이식을 시행하였다. 2차 이식후 50일이 경과한 현재, 인슐린 요구량은 26U/일, C­펩타이드 1.8ng/mL, FPS 90∼120mg/dL로 다시 안정되었다. 결론:췌도이식은 반복이식이 가능하며, 본 환자의 경우 인슐린요구량 감소, 혈당의 안정화 및 C­펩타이드가 상승하여 이식한 췌도의 기능을 확인할 수 있었고, 향후 스테로이드 등 면역억제가 유지 용량으로 감량되면 인슐린 요구량은 더 감소될 것으로 기대된다. Over the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in human islet transplantation. However, cases of prolonged insulin independence after islet allotransplantation have rarely been reported and over time, a slight, gradual decrease in insulin secretion appears to occur, as suggested by the lower C-peptide. Although preliminary clinical success achieved over the past few years has been considerably higher with whole pancreatic transplant than with isolated islet grafts, both approaches remain experimental. Islet grafts might gain, over time, increasing credibility and might eventually provide an easier alternative in terms of grafting procedures and patient management, as compared with the more "traumatizing" whole-pancreas transplantation. Also, using islet, re-transplantation is possible. But it is not known whether re-transplantation of islet could be suitable for those patients who lost grafted islet function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the benefits of re-transplantation of islet in previously simultaneous islets-kidney transplant (SIK) patient who have lost graft function. Methods : The recipient was a 32 year old male. First islet transplantation was underwent at December 25, 1999. However, the grafted islets lost function after 70 days. So we performed re-transplantation of islets. The isolation of islet was conducted sterilely on a laminarflow hood and isolated by a modified Recordimethod. The islet was injected slowly into the liver via a cannular placed in the potalvein for 20 minutes. Results : Transplanted islets were 90,000 IEq at first islet transplantation, 370,000 IEq at second islet transplantation. The insulin requirement was reduced from 75-85 to 35-40 U/day, the basal C-peptide level was 1.5 ng/mL at 7 days posttransplant Unfortunately, the grafted islets lost function after 70 days. After second transplantation, the insulin requirement was reduced to 26 U/day. Conclusions : Despite the continuous need for exogenous insulin therapy, islet transplantation can prevent wide glucose fluctuations, thus resulting in normalization of glycemic control and improvement in HbAlc, and also, show that islets can be successfully and safely re-transplanted intraportally in patients who have lost previously grafted islet function (J Kor Diabetes Asso 457~466, 2000).

DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF CARBON NANOTUBES DISPERSED IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

YOUNG HEE LEE,SANG YOUN JEON,KYUNG AH PARK,IN-SU BAIK,SEOK JIN JEONG,SEOK HO JEONG,안계혁,SEUNG HEE LEE 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2007 NANO Vol.2 No.1

The alignment and dynamic response of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in nematic liquid crystal (NLC) medium induced by strong electric field have been observed through polarizing optical microscope. Density-functional calculations suggest that LC molecule anchors helically to the CNT wall to enhance π-stacking with a binding energy of nearly -2.0 eV due to a considerable amount of charge transfer from LC molecule to CNT, resulting in the formation of excess charges and permanent dipole moment in CNTs. Under strong electric field, the motion of CNTs distorted the director of adjacent LC molecules. Our detailed analysis of dynamics revealed that the four-lobe textures in vertical cell and two vertical stripes in in-plane switching cell were strongly correlated, i.e., the side view of textures by the vertical motion of CNTs in vertical cell was similar to the textures in in-plane switching cell. Interestingly, the magnitude of textures in microscope was strongly dependent on the size of CNTs and theapplied field strength. The statistical size distribution of textures similar to that of CNTs provided information for the degree of dispersion of CNTs.