Factors Influencing the Acrylamide Content of Fried Potato Products

Jin, Yong-Ik,Park, Kyeong-Hun,Chang, Dong-Chil,Cho, Ji-Hong,Cho, Kwang-Su,Im, Ju-Sung,Hong, Su-Young,Kim, Su-Jeong,Nam, Jung-Hwan,Sohn, Hwang-Bae,Yu, Hong-Seob,Chung, Ill-Min The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2016 한국환경농학회지 Vol.35 No.4

BACKGROUND: Acrylamide (CAS No. 79-06-1) is known to be a carcinogenic compound, and is classified as a Group 2A compound by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1994). Acrylamide can be generated during the browning process via the non-enzymatic Maillard reaction of carbohydrates such as reducing sugars and of amino acids such as asparagine, both of which occur at a temperature above $120^{\circ}C$. Potato tubers contain reducing sugars, and thus, this will affect the safety of processed potato products such as potato chips and French fries. In order to reduce the level of acrylamide in potato processed products, it is therefore necessary to understand factors that affect the reducing sugar content of potatoes, such as environmental factors and potato storage conditions, as well as understanding factors affecting acrylamide formation during potato processing itself. METHODS AND RESULTS: Potatoes were cultivated in eight regions of Korea; For each of these different environments, soil physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, available phosphate, and exchangeable cation content were measured and correlations with potato reducing sugar content and potato chip acrylamide levels were examined. The reducing sugar content in potato during storage for three months was determined and acrylamide level in potato chip was analyzed after processing. The storage temperature levels were $4^{\circ}C$, $8^{\circ}C$, or $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. The acrylamide content of chips prepared from potatoes stored at $10^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ for one month was analyzed and the different frying times were 2, 3, 5, and 7 min. CONCLUSION: This study showed that monitoring and controlling the phosphate content within a potato field should be sufficient to avoid producing brown or black potato chips. For potatoes stored at low temperatures, a reconditioning period ($20^{\circ}C$ for 20 days) is required in order to reduce the levels of reducing sugars in the potato and subsequently reduce the acrylamide and improve chip coloration and appearance.

Compressive Behavior of 7xxx Series Al Composites Reinforced with

Seo Young-Ik,Min Kyung-Ho,Lee Kyu-Hwan,Kim Young-Do 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

Mechanical properties of 7xxx series Al metal matrix composite (MMC) powders containing different amounts of ceramic were investigated. The ceramic contents of the starting powders were 5 wt.% or 10 wt.%. The powders were uniaxially cold compacted using a cylindrical die with a compacting pressure of 250 MPa and were sintered at in a dry atmosphere for 60 min. For the heat treatment, sintered parts were solution treated at and aged at . Compression tests were conducted to reveal the effect of particle content on the mechanical properties of the composites. Fractography was examined using a scanning electron microscope.

가토에서 Vecuronium bromide 의 용량에 따른 근육이완 효과

김동원,이동호,민경호,전세웅,유희구,김경헌,승익상,김교상,서정국 대한마취과학회 1987 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.20 No.6

The introduction of muscle relaxants was an epoch making event in the development of clinical anesthesia and their use has hecame essential to anesthesia practice. Vecuronium, one of the newest muscle relaxants, many advantages; it is .apid acting, non-accumulating, has minimals side reactions and is promptly antagonized by anticholinesterases. However, its pharmacological effect, like other conventional muscle relaxants depends upon the dose and is influenced br many factors including body temperature, blood flow, interaction with other drugs, antibiotics, diuretics and so forth, To obtain a dose·response relationship which is important for clinical use, the effect of the vecuronium in various doses on the neuromuscular block in rabbits was investigated. The results were as follows. 1) In the vecuronium 0.025 mg/kg group, maximal twitch depression was varied between 75 to 92% with a mean value of 84,9%. The spontaneous recovery index was 141.0 seconds (2.35 min). 2) In the vecuranium 7.75 mg/kg group, thmean maximum twitch depression and spontaneous recovery index were 98.4% and 218.6 seconds (3.64 min.) respectively. 3) In the vecuronium 7.1 mg/kg group, maximum twitch depression was 100% and the spontaneous recovery index was markedly prolonged to 627.8 seconds (10.35 min).

Controlled post-sulfurization process for higher efficiency nontoxic solution-deposited CuIn_0.7Ga_0.3Se₂ absorber thin films with graded bandgaps

Jang, Jin Woo,Lee, Seung Min,Choi, Ik Jin,Cho, Yong Soo ELSEVIER SCIENCE 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.710 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A practical way of adjusting post-sulfurization process with variable durations is proposed to improve the cell-conversion efficiency of non-toxic solution driven CuIn<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.3</SUB>Se<SUB>2</SUB> absorber thin films. The degree of bandgap grading was controllable by changing the sulfurization time from 2 min to 30 min due to the dissimilar distribution of sulfur across the absorber layer. Deeper intensified distributions of Ga and S were responsible for enhancements in the open-circuit voltage and cell-conversion efficiency. A competitive efficiency of ∼8.81% for the 10 min-sulfurized CIGSSe cell was achieved with other promising parameters, i.e., short-circuit current density of 33.17 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, open-circuit voltage of 0.496 V, and fill factor of 53.5%, resulting from the improved carrier collection and reduced recombination by the bandgap grading. This improved efficiency corresponds to a ∼15.6% enhancement compared to the unsulfurized sample.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Controlled post-sulfurization process enhances cell efficiency of CuIn<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.3</SUB>Se<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Sulfur penetrates easily toward the back contact with concentration gradient. </LI> <LI> A graded bandgap structure is responsible for the improved charge collection. </LI> <LI> The achieved cell efficiency of ∼8.81% corresponds to the ∼15.6% enhancement. </LI> <LI> Actual bandgap variations are projected on the basis of elemental distributions. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of spark plasma sintering conditions on the thermoelectric properties of (Bi_0.25Sb_0.75)₂Te₃ alloys

Lim, Sang-Soon,Kim, Ju-Heon,Kwon, Beomjin,Kim, Seong Keun,Park, Hyung-Ho,Lee, Ki-Suk,Baik, Jeong Min,Choi, Won Jun,Kim, Dong-Ik,Hyun, Dow-Bin,Kim, Jin-Sang,Baek, Seung-Hyub Elsevier 2016 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.678 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>As a field-assisted technique, spark plasma sintering (SPS) enables densification of specimens in a very short period of time compared to other sintering techniques. For high performance thermoelectric material synthesis, SPS is widely used to fabricate nanograin-structured thermoelectric materials by rapidly densifying the nanopowders suppressing grain growth. However, the microstructural evolution behavior of thermoelectric materials by SPS, another important process during sintering, has been rarely studied. Here, we explore SPS as a tool to control the microstructure by long-time SPS. Using p-type (Bi<SUB>0.25</SUB>Sb<SUB>0.75</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> thermoelectric materials as a model system, we systematically vary SPS temperature and time to understand the correlations between SPS conditions, microstructural evolution, and the thermoelectric properties. Our results show that the relatively low eutectic temperature (∼420 °C) and the existence of volatile tellurium (Te) are critical factors to determine both microstructure and thermoelectric property. In the liquid-phase sintering regime, rapid evaporation of Te leads to a strong dependence of thermoelectric property on SPS time. On the other hand, in the solid-phase sintering regime, there is a weak dependence on SPS time. The optimum thermoelectric figure-of-merit (Z) of 2.93 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>/K is achieved by SPS at 500 °C for 30 min. Our results will provide an insight on the optimization of SPS conditions for materials containing volatile elements with low eutectic temperature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is used to synthesize the thermoelectric (Bi<SUB>0.25</SUB>Sb<SUB>0.75</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Liquid phase and volatile element are a key for the microstructure and thermoelectric property. </LI> <LI> Thermoelectric figure-of-merit of 2.9 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>/K is achieved at 500 °C for 30 min. </LI> </UL> </P>

RFID 휴대리더용 원형편파 마이크로스트립안테나의 크기를 줄이기 위한 한 접근방법

최익권, 강민식 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2008 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.16 No.1

-본문참고-

젊은 성인에서 신체 만족도에 따른 문제해결양식, 대인관계문제와 우울증상과 자살사고와의 관련성

차승민,김태성,강문희,권명진,김정란,왕성근,지익성 대한생물치료정신의학회 2011 생물치료정신의학 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate that problem solving styles, interpersonal problems, depression and suicidal ideation according to body image satisfaction. Methods:One hundred and nineteen young healthy normal subjects filled out administered the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report (Korean version of BDDE-SR K-BDDE-SR), Problem Solving Style Scale(Korean version PSS), Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problem(KIIP), Korean version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale(KDASS-21), Korean version of Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation(Korean version SSI) and Korean version of Reynolds Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire(Korean version SIQ) for a month. Results:Out of the 119 subjects, 39%(N=46) was male and 61%(N=73) was female. In high K-BDDE-SR group (higher than 67), helplessness was significantly higher than low K-BDDE-SR group(lower than 67), and problem-solving confidence, creative style, approach style were significantly lower than low K-BDDE-SR group. Also, Higher level of all KIIP factors in High K-BDDE-SR group was significantly differ than low K-BDDE-SR group. In High K-BDDE-SR group, K-DASS-21, SSI, and SIQ were significantly higher than low K-BDDE-SR group. Using multiple regression analysis contributing variance toward the total factor score of K-BDDE-SR of participants were K-DASS-21 and SIQ. Conclusion:Our results indicates that high tendency of dissatisfied body images have differences in helplessness, problem-solving confidence, approach style, interpersonal problems, depression and suicidal ideation compared to low tendency of dissatisfied body images. It is necessary to study body dysmorphic disorder patients group in the future.

예취빈도에 따른 무기태 질소시비가 오차드 그라스의 건물수량과 건물생산효율에 미치는 영향

조익환,김민 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2002 생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.2

오차드그라스 초지에 재배년도(1996~1998년)와 예취빈도(연간 3회, 4회 및 5회)를 달리하여 재배하였을 때, 건물수량에 미치는 무기태 질소의 시비효과를 조사하여 건물생산효율이 높은 경제적 시비수준과 적정 예취빈도를 추정하려고 하였다. 모든 예취빈도에서 1998년의 건물수량이 다른 재배년도보다 유의하게 많았다. 즉, 3회 예취구에서는 시비수준 평균 10.3 ton ha^-1, 4회 예취구에서는 10.8 ton ha^-1, 5회 예취구에서는 10.8 ton ha^-1을 나타내었다. 시비수준별 평균 건물수량은 3회예취구에서는 90~120 kg ha^-1 cut^-1수준에서 10.6~11.7 ton ha^-1을 타나내었고, 4회와 5회 예취구에서 30~120 kg ha^-1 cut^-1수준에서 각각 8.9~9.9 ton ha^-1과 8.0~9.2ton ha^-1을 나타내어 다른 시비수준보다 유의하게 많았다. 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구의 360 kg ha^-1 ^yr-1 수준에서 10.4kg, 4회 예취구의 120kg ha^-1 수준에서 18.5kg 5회 예취구의 150 kg ha^-1 yr-1 수준에서 7.3kg으로 가장 높았다. 예취빈도별 예취번초의 평균 건물수량은 3회와 4회 예취구에서 1번 초가 각각 4.6과 3.3 ton ha^-1, 5회 예취구에서는 2번초가 2.7 ton ha^-1으로 다른 예취 번초의 건물수량보다 유의하게 많았다. 상대건물수량은 3과 4회 예취구의 1번초가 각각 47.7과 36.9%, 5회 예취구의 2번초가 31.5%로 가장 높았다. 예취시기 별 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구에서는 1번초에서 10.7 kg, 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 2ㄹ번초에서 각각 18.0과 12.1 kg으로 가장 높았다. A study was made to estimate the economic level of mineral nitrogen and a proper cutting frequency for the dry matter production of Orchardgrass (Dacrlyis glomerata L.) during the harvested years in 1996∼1998. Annual mineral nitrogen was applied at the levels of 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 ㎏ ha^-1 in 3 cuttings, 0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 ㎏ ha^-1 in 4 cuttings, and 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 ㎏ ha^-1 in 5 cuttings, respectively. The dry matter yields of all cutting frequencies in 1998 were significantly higher than in the other harvested years. Mean dry matter yield were 10.3, 10.8 and 10.8 tos ha^-1 in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yields were obtained as 10.6∼11.7 tons ha^-1 at the level of 90∼120 ㎏ ha^-1 cut^-1 in 3 cuttings, and 8.9∼9.9 and 8.0∼9.2 tons ha^-1 at levels of 30∼120 ㎏ ha^-1 in 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. Higher efficiencies of dry matter production inresponse to mineral nitrogen application were recorded as 10.4 ㎏ at level of 360 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 3 cuttings, 18.5 ㎏ at level of 120 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 4 cuttings, and 7.3 ㎏ at level of 150 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 5 cuttings, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yields appeared as 4.6 and 3.3 tons ha^-1 at 1st cut in 3 and 4 cuttings respectively, 2.7 tons ha^-1 at 2nd cut in 5 cuttings. The highest values of relative dry matter yield were 47.7 and 36.9% for 1st cut in 3 and 4 cuttings respectively, 31.5% for 2nd cut in 5 cuttings. Higher efficiencies of dry matter production in response to mineral nitrogen application were recorded as 10.7 ㎏ at 1st cut in 3 cuttings, as 18.0 and 12.1 ㎏ at 2nd cut in 4 and 5 cuttings respectively.

유아교사의 과학활동에 대한 수행장애 요인의 정도에 따른 수행수준 연구

유민임,황해익 부산유아교육학회 2003 유아교육논총 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 유아교육현장 교사들의 과학활동에 대한 수행장애요인과 그에 따른 수행 수준과의 관계를 알아보는 것이었다. 연구대상은 공·사립유치원 교사 184명이었다. 연구결과 교사들이 과학활동을 하는데 가장 큰 장애요인은 현직연수나 워크샵의 부족, 그 다음으로 교재교구와 장비의 부족을 들었다. 가학활동에 있어 수행장애요인에 따른 수행수준에서 과학활동에 대한 전문지식과 자신감 부족, 교사들의 영향으로 과학활동을 하는데 방해받는다는 항목에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of kindergarten teachers’ impediments on their level of science activity. The following research questions are tested: First, What are the trends in kindergarten teachers’ impediments of science activity? Second, What are the trends in kindergarten teachers’ level of science activity? Third, Are there any differences in teachers’ level of science activity based on the impediments in teaching science? The findings of this study are as follows. First, More than fifty percent teachers report that all factors except their colleagues’ interference impede on teaching science. The lack of workshops and seminars appears to be the highest score among impediments. A deficit of materials and instruments is the following impediment teachers indicated. Second, The outcome shows that the mean score of overall level of teachers’ activity is 3.29(SD=.43) which consists of the third level(formal and mechanical). Third, There is a significant association between the level of activity and impediments, especially lacks of special knowledge and self-efficacy and their colleagues’ interference. Teachers who show lower scores in the lack of special knowledge and self-efficacy(F=5.42, p<.05) and their colleagues’ interference(F=10.71, p<.001) maintain higher level of science activity than teachers of higher scores.

시험불안과 정신병리, 기질 그리고 가정환경 간의 구조적 관계에 관한 연구 : 시험불안-우울-불안-자기개념-가정환경간의 인과적 관계분석

신민섭,조수철,유태익 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1999 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.10 No.1