정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

3-(Sbustitued phenyl)iminomethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline류의 합성

鄭謚朱,金浩植 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1997 연구논문집 Vol.56 No.2

3-Methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroguinoxaline(10), obtained by condensation of o-pheny-lenediamine with methyl pyruvate, was used as a starting material for the synthesis of Schiff bases containing the quinoxaline ring. the oxidation of compound 10 with substituted anilines provided 3-(substituted phenyl)iminomethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines(12).

NH₃가스 미량첨가 분위기에서의 CO-H₂혼합가스에 의한 과탄화철의 합성

정성실,정우창,강흥원,박응열,정원섭,박익민 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.11

The synthesis process of iron carbide was proceeded in two stages of reduction of hematite fines by H₂ gas, and carburization of the reduced metal by CO-H₂ gas mixture at 600℃. The surface of reduced iron was pre-treated with an addition of 0.05 vol% NH₃-Ar before carburization. The synthesized iron carbides were comprehensively explored by C/S analyzer (Low C/S determinator), Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy at various reaction times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min. By addition of a small amount of NH3 gas, the super iron carbides contained 10 wt% carbon were made, and such addition stabilized iron carbides. It was found that addition of NH3 gas played a major role in the formation of iron carbide without decomposition (Fe₃C→ 3Fe+C) of iron carbides and precipitation of free carbon. From these results, we succeed in synthesis of super iron carbide, Fe_(5)C₂, with a stable single phase without Fe and Fe₃C phases. (Received August 2, 2004)

실측응력 및 시뮬레이션에 의한 트러스 철도교의 피로피해도 분석

정영화,김익겸,김지훈,김은성 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.A

After measuring actual stress by two measurements(Dynamic Strain Meter, Histogram Recorder)on truss rail road bridge, we could perform time history analysis by 3-D beam element method on modelling bridge. And then,after analyzing bridge structure in static by 3-D modelling, we estimated degree of fatigue damage in main member, secondary member of tie zone,cutting area of base metal cross section for confirming the result. In case that the simulate stress is carried out on medeling bridge, most of those simulation mainly is performed by main members.But in real bridge fatigue damage problems generally caused by junctions, connections, joints in which especially local stress is activated. Therefore, in this paper actual stress on critical area was estimated through the analysis result by simulation. With this study, we can estimate the degree of fatigue damage from a safety point of view and comparative accuracy.

鎔接이음한 構造用鋼의 疲勞龜裂進展擧動

정영화,이형근,김익겸,정진석 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究 Vol.18 No.-

In recently, according to increase the construction rate fo steel bridge, it is necessary to develop the high strength, high toughness steel. Thus, this study show to evaluate the fatigue characteristic of SWS 570 B first used within a country. With the weld-joined compact tension specimens compared with each other, that is, transverse and lengthwise about the crack propagation, high and low in the imput heat level, the fatigue test were performed. The log-log curves between the fatigue crack propagation rate da/dN and the transition range of the stress intensity factor △K ahead the crack tip were drawed, with these data. By using this curve, we obtained C and m which is material constant from Paris-Erdogan power law. The opbtained resutls from this study indicate that fatigue crack growth rate of SWS 570 B is not heat input weld is carried out. Softening effects, which affect fatigue properties, are shown that it is not affected to the fatigue growth rates significantly.

글로벌 SCM 환경에서의 통합 생산계획 모델에 관한 연구

정호상,송익수,정봉주 한국로지스틱스학회 2002 로지스틱스연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 논문은 글로벌 SCM(Supply Chain Management) 환경에서 생산 연계 비용의 최소화를 목적으로 하는 생산 계획 수립 알고리즘을 제안한다. 글로벌 SCM환경은 지역적으로 분리된 여러 개의 공장에서 각각 부분품 및 완제품의 생산이 이루어지는 환경이다. 이러한 환경에서 완제품의 주문량 또는 수요 예측량을 만족하지 위해 제품의 BOM(Bill-Of-Material) 구조를 고려하여 각 부분품의 생산계획량을 결정해야 한다. 각 공장에서는 제한된 생산 능력을 가지면, 특정 부분품 또는 완제품을 생산한다. 부분품의 생산은 특정 공정 시간을 가지며 완성된 부분품은 이후 공정을 위해 다른 공장으로의 이동시간을 갖는다. 본 논문의 목적은 공장의 생산능력을 만족시키면서 제품의 공장별 생산 비용, 재고 비용, 공장 간 물류 비용을 최소화 시키는 생산 계획을 수립하는 문제의 해를 구하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 글로벌 SCM 네트워크를 정의하고, 주어진 네트워크의 생산 계획문제를 혼합 정수 계획법을 이용하여 모델링한다. 효과적으로 문제를 해결하기 위해 계산 시간면에서 효율적인 발견적 기법을 제안하고 실험을 통해 해법의 성능을 검증한다. This paper presents a production planning algorithm for minimizing the costs of production and distribution in Global SCM(Supply Chain Management) environments. In the Global SCM environment, the several local plants produce parts and products. In this environment, we have to decide the production volumes of both parts and products considering the BOM(Bill-Of-Material) structure to meet the fixed order quantity or forecasted demand quantity. Each plant produces the specified parts of product and has a certain production capacity. There exist a fixed production lead time to make products and transportation lead time to move parts to different plants for subsequent processes. The objective of this study is to solve the production planning problem, which minimizes the total costs of production, inventory, and transportation under constraints of production capacity. For this problem, the integrated production planning model was formulated as a mixed integer programming, and an efficient heuristic algorithms was proposed. The experimental investigation shows that the proposed heuristic generates quite good solutions at very low computation costs.

ADSP-2106x SHARC를 이용한 실시간 MPEG/Audio Layer-3 Encoder/Decoder 시스템 개발에 관한 연구

정익주,김승현 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신논문지 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper, we implemented stand-alone MP3 encoder/decoder system. MP3 is a part of MPEG/audio and Layer-III. MPEG/audio Layer-III is the standard to compress a high-quality audio data. Rscectly, MP3 is widely being used in consumer electronics. A lot of people use the stand-alone MP3 system like a walkman or general-purpose audio system. According to the current environment, we have realized the necessity of development of the stand-alone MP3 encoder/decoder system. We use DSP(Digital Signal Processor) to implement the MP3 encoder/decoder system. DSP is widely used in telecommunication, multi-media applications, etc. In this system, we use Analong Device ADSP-2106x DSP as a main processor.

등간격 병진스프링으로 지지되는 단순곡선보의 고유진동수해석

조정래,이용운,윤한익 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2000 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

The transfer matrix method is used to study the influence of the translational spring support on the transverse vibration of the simple curved beam. The translational spring supports are constituted by the middle point and the nine points at regular interval on the curved beam. The influence of the translational spring constants on the natural frequency of the simple curved beam is very much at 1st and 3rd mode and the natural frequency is augmented as increasing of the translational spring constants. Since the amplitude of the curved beam is small at high mode, the translational spring constant has a little influence on the transverse vibration of the simple curved beam. The simple curved beam supported elastically at middle point has high frequency than that supported elastically at nine points at regular interval. If the translational spring constant supporting the simple curved beam become very large, and then since the elastic support is similar to the rigid support, the transverse natural frequencies increase very much at the each mode of the simple curved beam.

ULSI DRAM의 BIST 알고리즘을 위한 패턴발생회로 설계

온정근,김대익,도경주,이영훈,이창기,전병실 전북대학교 전자산업개발연구소 1991 전자산업연구 Vol.2 No.-

Lately, more developed semiconductor technolgy is, higher integration per one chip is rapidly. Mow 64 Mb DRAM is used 0.3㎛ techonology. This very large integration is caused faults of new type, and exhaused much time for test. So algorithms which distiguish at higher faults coverage. less time and cost of test is reported. In this paper control circuit of Built-In Self Test(BIST) Algorithm was designed for ULSI DRAM. This circuit generates patterns of the algorithm by input clocks.

유아용 체력검사도구 개발을 위한 기초연구

최중근,황해익 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2002 영유아보육연구 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to present materials on the development of physical assessment for young children when early childhood education facilities like kindergartens and nursery schools conduct physical exams. The following were the process and main findings of the study: First, the level of necessity for the development of physical assessment for young children was examined with kindergarten teachers the subjects. The subjects were 50 teachers from private and public kindergartens in city U. For the question "the necessity for the development of physical assessment", "very necessary" and "necessary" accounted for 83% of the respondents, which meant most teachers share the necessity and demand the development and popularization of the physical assessment. Second, the selection of exam items and their suitability were examined with experts the subjects. Among the 37 experts were 6 professors of early childhood education departments, 6 professors of physical education departments, 5 presenters in the academic journals of the associations related with young children' physical education, 10 trainers with over 3 years' experience in young children' physical education, and 10 kindergarten teachers with over 10 years' experience and the selection of exam items associated with the factors of young children' physical exam and their suitability were examined. The exam items selected by the experts were flexibility-trunk flexion sitting position test, speed-20-meter dash, balance-stork standing, body composition-body mass index(BMI), agility-zigzag run, muscular strength and muscular endurance-extended arm hanging, and power-standing broad and long jump. As for the suitability of the selected items, more than 70% of the experts replied "very suitable" and "suitable." Third, the trial plan of "physical assessment for children" chosen by the experts was applied on 78 infants attending S kindergarten in city U : 15 full 3-year-olds, 33 full 4-year-olds, and 30 full 5-year-olds. The "physical assessment for young children" turned out to be suitable in general. Fourth, "the application outline of convenient physical assessment for young children" and "the record card of convenient physical assessment for young children" were presented for the convenience of the field use by analyzing the results from the field test. As the teachers in the field required, convenient physical assessment for young children should be developed and popularized and the development of young children' physical strength needs to be promoted by devising evaluation criteria of the national level.