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방익찬 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1995 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.19 No.-
해수면 관측자료로부터 해수면의 장주기변하를 분석해 본 결과 황해, 동중국해, 동해 해역에서 기사으이 효과는 전반적으로 해수면변화의 반 정도를 설명해 주며 나머지 반은 해수운동에 의한 것으로 보인다. 해수운동에 의하여 발생하는 해수면변화는 대마해류역에서 가장 크며 대마해류의 영향을 적게 받는 곳일수록 작아져 해수면변화가 대마해류와 관계있음을 보여준다. 장주기 해수면변화를 정성적으로 분석해 보기 위해 황해와 동중국해의 해저지형에 의해 형성되는 대륙붕파의 이론을 전개하여 분산관계를 구하였으며, 대한해협에서 강제파가 반사에 의해 자유파를형성시키는 해를 구하였다. 전개된 대륙붕파 이론을 해수면변화에 적용시켜 본 결과 쿠로시오해류의 변화에 의해 동중국해에 가해진 파동은 강제파로 대한해협으로 전파되며 대한해협에 이르러 일본연안의 파동은 동해로 계속 전파되는 반면, 우리나라 연안의 파동은 해저지형에 의해 반사하게 된다. 반사된 파동은 자유파로 동중국해 대륙붕을 따라 남서방향으로 진행하며 북동방햐응로 진행하는 강제파와 더불어 동중국해의 해수면변화를 결정하게 된다. The analysis of long-period sea level variations with tidal record data in the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the East Sea shows that about half of the variations is due to atmospheric causes and the rest half seems to be due to the water movements. The sea level variation by water movements is the largest in the coasts along the Tsushima Current. To analyze sea level variations qualitatively, the theory of continental shelf waves is developed over the bottom topography of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The dispersion relation is derived and the reflected free waves is solved for incident forced waves in the Korea Strait. The application of the theory to the sea level variations shows that the long period Kuroshio variation propaggate to the Korea Strait as forced waves. The wave continuously propagates to the East Sea through the eastern channel, but reflects in the western channel due to bottom topography. The reflected waves propagate southwestward along the East China Sea as free waves and determine the sea levels with forced waves.
방익찬,김태희,노홍길 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1994 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.18 No.-
On the northwestern sea of Cheju Island, which is important to clarifying the circulation structure of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, the circulation has been studied through analyzing the seasonal variation of water mass distributions. The data were observed in February and June, 1994. The water mass distributions in February show that Yellow Sea Warm Water (YSWW) flows into the Yellow Sea through the southern sea of Sohuksando (which can be deduced from it's wide distributions to the west), and Yellow Sea Cold Water (YSCW) flows southward through Taehuksando area between Sohuksando and the korean Peninsula. On the other hand, the water mass distributions in June show that Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) flow southward to the southern sea of Sohuksando (YSWW disappeared and YSBCW occupies the area) and YSWW flows into the Yellow Sea through Taehuksando area (the characteristics of water mass on Taehuksando area are linked to those of YSWW, not to those of YSBCW) The results agree with the circulation structure presented by Pang et al. (1992) that northly winds in winter season drive southward flows along the coasts and northward flows along the Yellow Sea trough while southly winds in summer season drive northward flows along the coasts and southward flows along the Yellow Sea trough, so that YSWW flows into the Yellow Sea along the Yellow Sea trough in winter and along the western cosat of Korean Peninsula in summer.
김익현 건국대학교 1994 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.38 No.-
The Problem of universals is one of essential problem for spinoza interpretation. Generakky, Spinoza is conceived to be a realist who admits the reality of universals. But we can observe traces of nominalistic thought in Spinoza, so he is regarded as a nominalist by scholars. It is clearly deductive that Spinoza´s method knowledge begins with God and the general axioms and definitions and proceeds to particular things. His rejection of the notiones universales and his using of the essentia particularis for each thing is clearly nominalistic. If one is affirmed, the other is, by definition, denied. Making clear notiones universales and notiones communes communes, and then the meaning od rei singularis essentia, I would like to study why the tension between realism and nominalism happened in Spinoza, what role realism and nominalism play in his thought.
방익찬,김태희 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.31 No.-
In the East China Sea, the distributions of Kuroshio system waters are extended in the north-west direction in winter, to the entrance of the Yellow Sea, and withdrawn in the south-east direction in summer, to the south and east seas of Cheju Island. This seasonal variations seem to be related with the seasonal variations of Tsushima water transport in the Korea strait. The analyses on the seasonal salinity variations in the north-west seas of Cheju Island show the necessity of water flows to and from the Yellow Sea. This could give a clue to the present arguments of the existence of Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter and also of the south-extension of Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water in summer. As upwind flows driven by seasonal wind, the water flows to and from the Yellow Sea drive another circulation in the East China Sea and thus result in the seasonal variations of water distributions.
방익찬,김태희 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1993 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.17 No.-
제주도 서부연안역의 수직 수온 염분분포의 특성은 상층용승형과 하층침강형이며 겨울철과 여릉철에는 뚜렷하지 않으나 년중 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 이런한 형태는 해류가 북상하며 오히려 약화되는 듯이 보이며, 관측 전에 북풍이 계속 불었던 11월에는 용승효과가 매우 커 저층침강형태는 사라지고 저층까지 용승형태가 나타난다. 바람은 모든 계절의 용승현ㄴ상을 설명하지는 못하지만 용승효과는 가장 큰 것으로 보이며, 시계방향의 흐름에 의한 와도변화로 용승을 설명하는 것에는 몇가지 문제점이 있다. 첫째, 하층침강이 설명되지 않으며, 둘째, 해류가 흐르며 용승효과가 약화되는 것을 설명하기 어렵고, 셋째, 그효과가 관측에 비해 너무 작은 것이다. 제주도 서부연안역의 상층용승형과 하층침강형은 해류가 간격이 넓어지는 등수심선을 따라 흐르면서 생기는 상층발산과 이를 보충하려는 하층수렴에 의해, 상층에는(-), 하층에는 (+)와도가 유도되어 발생하는 것으로 보인다. The characteristics of the vertical temperature and salinity distributions in the western sea of Cheju Island is a upper-upwelling and lower-downwelling feature. Although it is not clear in winter and summer seasons, it seems to be continued through the year. The feature is likely to be weaker, as waters flow north. The upwelling feature was very strong in November, when northerly winds had been blowing for 10 days before the observation, so that it reached to the bottom andthe lower-downwelling feature disappeared then. The year-lasting upwelling feature can not be explained by only winds, but, the effect of winds seems to be the strongest. There are acouple of problems in the explanation of upwelling by negative vorticity due to clockwise flows. First, it can not explain the lower-downwelling feature. Second, it is hard to explain why the feature is weaken, as waters flow north. Third, its estimated effect is so small compared to the observations. The upper-upwelling and lower-downwelling feature may be caused by negative vorticity in the upper layer and positive vorticity in the lower layer. Such a vorticity variation can be driven when waters flow along the isobates of which widths are widening. It will be followed by horizontal divergence in the uper layer and horizontal convergence in the lower layer.
방익찬,김태희 제주대학교 1989 논문집 Vol.28 No.-
동지나해에서의 전반적인 해수분포특성중의 하나는 겨울에 고염이며 여름에 저염이다. 이와같은 동지나해의 염분변화는 쿠로시오해류에 의해 수송되는 염분량의 차이와, 강우량이나 육수 등이 유입되는 담수량의 차이에 의해 영향을 받을 것이다. 이 중, 쿠로시오해류에 의해 공급되는 염분량은 계절에 다라 변화하더라도 년중 공급된 염분량보다 적은량이 대마해협을 통해 유출되기 때문에 쿠로시오해류에 의해서는 항상 동지나해에 염분이 공급된다. 그러므로 쿠로시오해류에 의한 염분량의 변화는 동지나해의 여름철 저염화에 근본적인 이유가 될 수 없다. 그러나 겨울에서 여름사이에 증가되는 강수량 등에 의한 담수량도 여름철에 동지나해의 염분응ㄹ 자료에서 보여지는 만큼 낮출수는 없다. 여름철 저염화를 설명하기 위해서는 다른 형태의 해수순환이 필요하며, 그것은 계절풍에 의한 연안수의 유동으로 추정된다. 이 순환에 의해 겨울철에 쿠로시오난류수 세력이 겨울철에 북서방향으로 확장되고 여름철에 남동방향으로 후퇴하는 것으로 설명될 수 있다. The salinity of the East China Sea waters shows high in winter and low summer. This is one of the general characteristics of water mass distributions in this area. This seasonal variation of salinity is probably affected by the Kuroshio waters and the fresh waters such as rain. The Kuroshio water supplies salinity to the East China Sea all the year round. The salinity of the input Kuroshio waters to the East China Sea is always higher than that of the output Kuroshio waters through the Korea Strait. Thus, the low salinity in summer can not be explained by the Kuroshio waters. The amount of input fresh water is also less than that neccesary to lower salinity as much as shown in data. A circulation of low salinity coastal waters is needed to explain the low salinity in summer. This circulation of coastal waters may probably drive the Kuroshio waters to be spread to the north-west direction in winter and to be shrinked to the south-east direction in summer.
신익호 현대문학이론학회 2005 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.24
'Metaphor of Prodigal' includes meaning about recognition and maturity of a person about ego and world as a motif of 'Voyage archetype' of 'runaway-trial-return'. First, 「Voyage of Butterfly」 by Jung Han-mo shows recognition to the world and ego, and the process of a person's spiritual maturity through the narrative structure of 'metaphor of prodigal'. The reason that the baby as a prodigal leaves his/her house is for pursuit of idea, not for comfortable real life. And the trial and pain is a opportunity to establish self-identity by give shape to the spiritual maturity of a person. Second, 「Holy Possession」 by Ku Sang shows a prodigal become new person. He/She recognize love and pleasure from daily life, everything and neighbors. The pleasure is holy thing, and the spiritual state cannot compare with worldly desires. Third, 「Again Midangli」 by Oh Jang-whan and 「Fulling Cloth」 by Her Young-Ja are all don't have concrete narrative process but focused by love of mother. The mother gives endless love and forgiveness with waiting like a father of prodigal. In the 「Again Midangli」, the speaker pursuit ideal space as a exit from real world, but he/she cannot settle in there. And finally return to the world of mother and hometown that could recover his/her identity. In the 「Fulling Cloth」, the persona confess honestly wandering of past life. The love and waiting of mother makes it possible.
『메밀꽃 필 무렵』과 『말을 찾아서』, 『날개』와 『이상의 날개』의 상호 텍스트성
신익호 현대문학이론학회 2004 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.21
Parody is conversational action that appears in the co-relations between original test and parodied text, and it is strained relations of structure that connects present and past. I will summarize this manuscript in brief. First, 'To Find Out The Horse', which is parodied [Buckwheat Blossom Time] from an imitative point of view, pursues serious search for self through the experiences of boyhood. This work is similar to creation background that is imitated, story of relations between father and son, symbolic motive of a donkey and a mule. Compared to sensuous style and the poetic mood of polished language, it is more concise and realistic style, so it shows the touching live of stepfather in the conflict which appears between a stepfather and s adopted son. Second, 'The Wings of Lee Sang' criticizes realities, and it parodied 'The Wings' from a critic point of view through the spatial background, character of a hero, symbolism of figure, and the stream of consciousness. The fantastical style of this work is intentional device to satirize all aspects of realities, although it is an absurd story that will one consciousness, which bring up the image of the steam of consciousness, should overcome the pain on talking each other and criticizing an absurd reality.
김익현 건국대학교 1993 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.37 No.-
It is generally thought that compared with Spinoza's metaphysics, his epistemological questions play a subordinate role in his philosophy. However, in fact, his metaphysical statements were not an end in itself, but rather a necessary first step in the acquisition of knowledge regarding the nature of the human mind. A matter of primary concern of Spinoza was how we can have the true knowledge(idea) and come to the highest blessedness. It is Spinoza's epistemology that justifies his metaphysical statement and, at the same time, prescribes the nature of the human highest blessedness. Making a study of the Spinoza's epistemology, first of all, it is Spinoza's use of the word "idea" that leads us to confusion. Therefore, I make clear the meaning of idea in Spinoza and study the (external and internal) character of the true idea. And I would also like to study how the human being as the finite mode can have true idea, and remedy the mutilated and confused ideas.