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Legitimate termination of nonlocal features in HPSG
( Hywel Evans ) 한국언어정보학회 1996 국제 워크샵 Vol.1996 No.-
This paper reviews the treatment of wh-question facts offered by Lappin and Johnson 1996, and suggests that their account of certain island phenomena should be adapted by assuming that certain phrase structures license binding of inherited features. In Japanese, Lappin and Johnson`s INHER|LQUE feature appears to be dependent on INHER|QUE in order to terminate with a functional C head`s TO-BIND|QUE. For certain languages, C`s TO-BIND|LQUE feature must be null if TO-BIND|Que is null. In the spirit of Sag 1996 and Pollard and Yoo 1996, the facts can be handled by saying that TO-BIND|LQUE is licensed on a wh-clause (wh-cl). As a wh-cl requires TO-BIND|QUE, the dependence of the less robust INHER|LQUE on INHER|QUE is thus explained.
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High speed simultaneous single particle impedance and fluorescence analysis on a chip
Hywel Morgan,David Holmes,Nicolas G. Green 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3
ticles at high speed. The device uses multi-frequency electrical impedance together with single particle uorescence spectroscopy. Imped-ance is measured using microelectrodes fabricated within a microuidic channel. Optical measurements are made by focussing a beam oflight into a detection volume of the order of the size of the particle. Particles owing through the device are dynamically focussed into thedetection volume using dielectrophoresis. The operating principle of the device is demonstrated by detecting and analysing uorescent.
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Phylogenetic classification of <i>Cordyceps</i> and the clavicipitaceous fungi
Sung, Gi-Ho,Hywel-Jones, Nigel L.,Sung, Jae-Mo,Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer,Shrestha, Bhushan,Spatafora, Joseph W. CBS PUBLICATIONS 2007 STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY Vol.- No.57
<P><I>Cordyceps</I>, comprising over 400 species, was historically classified in the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I>, based on cylindrical asci, thickened ascus apices and filiform ascospores, which often disarticulate into part-spores. <I>Cordyceps</I> was characterized by the production of well-developed often stipitate stromata and an ecology as a pathogen of arthropods and <I>Elaphomyces</I> with infrageneric classifications emphasizing arrangement of perithecia, ascospore morphology and host affiliation. To refine the classification of <I>Cordyceps</I> and the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I>, the phylogenetic relationships of 162 taxa were estimated based on analyses consisting of five to seven loci, including the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunits (<I>nrSSU</I> and <I>nrLSU</I>), the elongation factor 1α (<I>tef1</I>), the largest and the second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (<I>rpb1</I> and <I>rpb2</I>), β-tubulin (<I>tub</I>), and mitochondrial ATP6 (<I>atp6</I>). Our results strongly support the existence of three clavicipitaceous clades and reject the monophyly of both <I>Cordyceps</I> and <I>Clavicipitaceae</I>. Most diagnostic characters used in current classifications of <I>Cordyceps</I> (e.g., arrangement of perithecia, ascospore fragmentation, etc.) were not supported as being phylogenetically informative; the characters that were most consistent with the phylogeny were texture, pigmentation and morphology of stromata. Therefore, we revise the taxonomy of <I>Cordyceps</I> and the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I> to be consistent with the multi-gene phylogeny. The family <I>Cordycipitaceae</I> is validated based on the type of <I>Cordyceps</I>, <I>C. militaris,</I> and includes most <I>Cordyceps</I> species that possess brightly coloured, fleshy stromata. The new family <I>Ophiocordycipitaceae</I> is proposed based on <I>Ophiocordyceps</I> Petch, which we emend. The majority of species in this family produce darkly pigmented, tough to pliant stromata that often possess aperithecial apices. The new genus <I>Elaphocordyceps</I> is proposed for a subclade of the <I>Ophiocordycipitaceae</I>, which includes all species of <I>Cordyceps</I> that parasitize the fungal genus <I>Elaphomyces</I> and some closely related species that parasitize arthropods. The family <I>Clavicipitaceae</I><I>s. s.</I> is emended and includes the core clade of grass symbionts (e.g., <I>Balansia</I>, <I>Claviceps</I>, <I>Epichloë</I>, etc.), and the entomopathogenic genus <I>Hypocrella</I> and relatives. In addition, the new genus <I>Metacordyceps</I> is proposed for <I>Cordyceps</I> species that are closely related to the grass symbionts in the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I><I>s. s.</I><I>Metacordyceps</I> includes teleomorphs linked to <I>Metarhizium</I> and other closely related anamorphs. Two new species are described, and lists of accepted names for species in <I>Cordyceps</I>, <I>Elaphocordyceps</I>, <I>Metacordyceps</I> and <I>Ophiocordyceps</I> are provided.</P>
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ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING METHODS FOR IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CELLS ON-CHIP
TAO SUN,NICOLAS G. GREEN,HYWEL MORGAN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.1
Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a noninvasive method for characterizing the dielectric properties of biological particles. The technique can differentiate between cell types and provide information on cell properties through measurement of the permittivity and conductivity of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In terms of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology, cells pass sequentially through the microfluidic channel at high speed and are analyzed individually, rather than as traditionally done on a mixture of particles in suspension. This paper describes the analytical and numerical modeling methods for EIS of single cell analysis in a microfluidic cytometer. The presented modeling methods include Maxwell's mixture theory, equivalent circuit model and finite element method. The difference and advantages of these methods have been discussed. The modeling work has covered the static case — an immobilized cell in suspension and the dynamic case — a moving cell in the channel.
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Xiaobo Wang,Jie Zhou,Caojian Jiang,Jia Wang,Keting Gui,Hywel Rhys Thomas 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.12
Mn-Ce-Ti catalysts were prepared by different precursors (including manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, and manganese chloride) and used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia. The relationships among the structure, physicochemical properties, and catalytic activity were explored by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microprobe (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The results show that the different Mn precursors play important roles in the catalytic activity. The Mn-Ce-Ti(N) catalyst synthesized by manganese nitrate precursor exhibits the best catalytic activity, while the Mn-Ce-Ti(C) and Mn-Ce-Ti(Cl) catalyst prepared by manganese acetate and manganese chloride, respectively, exhibit relatively low catalytic activity. The manganese nitrate precursor could promote the specific surface area and redox ability, enhance the amounts of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, and enrich the surface active species such as Mn4+, Ce3+ and surface chemisorbed oxygen of the catalyst, all of which will contribute to the SCR performance. Moreover, the Mn-Ce-Ti(N) catalyst possesses highly dispersed and uniform surface active species, which will result in the optimal physicochemical properties and superior catalytic performance.
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