절차적 효용을 반영한 학급자치활동이 초등학교 6학년 학생의 행복감에 미치는 영향

박현석 ( Park¸ Hyunseok ),신우진 ( Shin¸ Woojin ) 한국사회과교육학회 2021 시민교육연구 Vol.53 No.1

본 연구는 학생들 개인의 행복감에 미치는 요인으로 절차적 효용에 주목하였고, 이를 참여형 학급자치활동의 개발 및 적용을 통해 검증하였다. 분석은 초등학교에 재학중인 6학년 학생을 대상으로 실험집단과 통제집단을 구성하여, 차이 분석(t검증)을 통해 학급자치활동 프로그램이 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 절차적 효용을 경험할 수 있는 학급자치활동 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단의 학생들이 통제집단의 학생들보다 행복감에 유의한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 개인특성 변인에서는 자아존중감에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났고, 학교특성 변인은 교사관계, 친구관계, 소외감 및 위협관련 친구스트레스 등 모든 변인에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 통계 검증을 보완하기 위해 반구조화된 질문을 통해 면담을 실시하였으며, 이를 통해 절차적 효용을 담보하는 학급회의방식은 학생들이 느끼는 행복감에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 절차적 효용을 담보한 학급자치활동이 기존의 학생자치활동에서 나타나는 문제점을 극복하여 올바른 민주시민교육을 견인하면서도 동시에 학생의 주관적 행복감에도 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 점을 밝힌데 그 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of student self-governing activities reflecting procedural utility on the happiness of 6th graders. In this study, both experimental and the control groups were composed of 25 students each and the former group was programmed. A Happiness Test was used as pretest and posttest to measure the sense of happiness of the subjects. Average and standard deviation were calculated and t-test was used to verify the difference in the experiment group between the pretest and the posttest. To complement statistical verification, interviews were conducted through semi-structured questions to the experimental group. As a result of the interview, it was found that the class self-governing method reflecting the procedural utility had an effect on the happiness felt by students. So, the results of this study were that the students in the experimental group had a significantly higher positive correlation regarding their happiness than the students in the control group. It is expected that the study will be able to provide theoretical ideas and foundations to explore the relationship between factors regarding students and their education levels for determining how democratic citizenship can improve student happiness.

Coronoidectomy for reduction of superolateral dislocation of mandible condyle

Hyun Seok,Seung-O Ko,Jin-A Baek,Dae-Ho Leem 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

Superolateral dislocation of the condyle is a rare mandibular fracture. The treatment goal is to return the dislocated condyle to its original position to recover normal function. This study reports on superolateral dislocation of the condyle with mandibular body fracture. The mandibular body was completely separated, and the medial pole of the condyle head was fractured. The condyle segment was unstable and easily dislocated after reduction. The temporalis muscle on the condyle segment might have affected the dislocation of the condyle. A coronoidectomy was performed to disrupt the function of the temporalis muscle on the condyle segment in order to successfully reduce the dislocated condyle. Coronoidectomy is a simple procedure with minimal complications. We successfully performed a coronoidectomy to reduce the superolateral displaced condyle to its original position to achieve normal function. Coronoidectomy can be effectively used for reduction of superolaterally displaced condyles combined with severe maxilla-mandibular fractures.

Comparative study on bone regeneration between silk mat incorporated 4-hexylresorcinol and collagen membrane

( Hyun Seok ),( You-young Jo ),( Haeyong Kweon ),( Dong-heon Baek ),( Seong-gon Kim ) 한국잠사학회 2017 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of this study was (1) to demonstrate the anti-microbial properties of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) loaded silk mat and (2) comparison of bone formation between 4HR incorporated silk mat and collagen membrane. Anti-microbial properties of 4HR incorporated silk mat was done after sterilization of silk mat (autoclaving and ethylene oxide gas). For the evaluation of bone formation, bilateral bony defects (size: 8 mm) were prepared in the parietal bone of the rabbits (n=10). 4HR incorporated silk mat (size: 10 x 10 mm) was applied on the right defect. For the comparative purpose, the same size of commercial collagen membrane was applied on the left defect. The anti-microbial properties of 4HR incorporated silk mat were maintained after sterilization process. When compared bone mineral density and bone volume, there was no statistically significant difference between groups at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation (p>0.05). In conclusion, 4HR incorporated silk mat could be autoclaved without concern of anti-microbial properties loss. In addition, 4HR incorporated silk mat showed similar bone regeneration to collagen membrane. Therefore, 4HR incorporated silk mat might be considered for the application of open membrane technique.

Role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in treating oral cancer

Hyun Seok 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.6

Correction of post-traumatic anterior open bite by injection of botulinum toxin type A into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle: case report

Hyun Seok,Yong-Tae Park,Seong-Gon Kim,Young-Wook Park 대한구강악안면외과학회 2013 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Post-traumatic anterior open bite can occur as a result of broken balance among the masticatory muscles. The superior hyoid muscle group retracts the mandible downward and contributes to the anterior open bite. Denervation of the digastric muscle by injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) can reduce the power of the digastric muscle and help to resolve the post-traumatic anterior open bite. A patient with a bilateral angle fracture had an anterior open bite even after undergoing three operations under general anesthesia and rubber traction. Although the open bite showed some improvement by the repeated operation, the occlusion was still unstable six weeks after the initial treatment. To eliminate the residual anterior open bite, BTX-A was injected into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Following injection of BTX-A, the anterior open bite showed immediate improvement. Complication and relapse were not observed during follow-up. Long-standing post-traumatic open bite could be successfully corrected by injection of BTX-A into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle without complication.

Reconstruction of partial maxillectomy defect with a buccal fat pad flap and application of 4-hexylresorcinol: a case report

Hyun Seok,Min Keun Kim,Seong Gon Kim 대한구강악안면외과학회 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common type of malignant neoplasm in the minor salivary gland. The hard palate is a frequently involved site of MEC. The treatment of low-grade MEC on the hard palate is wide local resection with a tumor-free margin. In the present case, the maxillary defect was reconstructed using a buccal fat pad (BFP) flap, followed by application of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) ointment for 2 weeks. The grafted BFP successfully covered the tumor resection defect without tension and demonstrated complete re-epithelialization without any complications.

Proliferative periostitis of the mandibular ramus and condyle: a case report

Hyun Seok,Seong-Gon Kim,Ji-Young Song 대한구강악안면외과학회 2015 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Proliferative periostitis is a rare form of osteomyelitis that is characterized by new bone formation with periosteal reaction common causes of proliferative periostitis are dental caries, periodontitis, cysts, and trauma. While proliferative periostitis typically presents as a localized lesion, in this study, we describe an extensive form of proliferative periostitis involving the whole mandibular ramus and condyle. Because the radiographic findings were similar to osteogenic sarcoma, an accurate differential diagnosis was important for proper treatment.

The Effect of Silk Membrane Plus 3% 4-hexylresorcinol on Guided Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model

( Hyun Seok ),( Sang Woon Lee ),( Seong Gon Kim ),( Dong Hyun Seo ),( Han Sung Kim ),( Hae Yong Kweon ),( You Young Jo ),( Tae Yeon Kang ),( Myung Jin Lee ),( Weon Sik Chae ) 한국잠사학회 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.27 No.1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration capability of silk membrane plus 3% 4-hexylresorcinol (3% 4-HR plus SM) in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Bilateral round shaped defects were created in the parietal bone (diameter: 8.0 mm). And the defects were covered with (1) 3% 4-HR plus SM, (2) collagen membrane (CM), (3) no graft material. After surgery, the animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Bone regeneration was analyzed in each section by micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT). And Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used for histological analysis. As measured by μ-CT analysis 4 weeks after surgery, the average of new bone formation in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM was greater than that of animals treated with CM. and the difference was statistically significant. And well organized lamella bones were observed in the histological view of the 3% 4-HR plus SM group. Therefore, more bone regeneration was seen in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM than in those treated with CM or uncovered control.

조약문의 ‘통상적(通常的) 의미(意味)’에 대한 말뭉치 언어학의 접근방법

朴賢錫 ( Park¸ Hyun-seok ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2021 홍익법학 Vol.22 No.3

ICJ가 여러 차례 진술한 바와 같이, 조약의 해석에 관한 국제관습법 규칙이 조약법에 관한 비엔나 협약(‘조약법협약’) 제31조와 제32조에 반영되어 있다. 조약법협약 제31조에 따르면, 조약의 용어에 특별한 의미가 부여되는 경우가 아닌 한 조약은 조약문의 문맥 및 조약의 취지와 목적으로 보아 조약의 문면에 부여되는 통상적 의미에 따라 성실히 해석하는 것이 원칙이다. 적도 기니와 프랑스 간의 ‘면제와 형사소송’ 사건에서 ICJ는 외교관계에 관한 비엔나 협약(‘외교관계협약’) 규정의 통상적 의미가 한 부동산에 “사절의 공관” 지위가 부여되는 상황을 결정하는 데 거의 아무런 도움이 되지 않는다고 판시했으나, 이 사건에 관여한 16명의 판사 가운데 거의 절반에 육박하는 7명은 이 판시에 이견을 보였다. 이 사실은 조약 규정의 통상적 의미가 원어민의 직관을 통해서가 아니라 객관적으로 식별되어야 한다는 것을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. ‘통상적 의미 규칙’은 미국 제정법 해석에서 중심적인 역할을 해 왔으며, 미국 법원은 제정법상의 용어가 법에 정의되어 있지 않은 한, 그 용어에 그 통상적 의미를 부여해야 한다. 지난 10여 년 동안 말뭉치 언어학은 사전을 대신할 만한 것으로서 미국 제정법 해석을 위한 도구로 인정받아 왔다. 문언의 통상적 의미를 식별하기 위한 말뭉치 분석의 객관성에 비추어, 말뭉치 언어학은 조약 해석을 위한 유망한 도구이기도 할 것이다. 둘 이상의 언어가 정본인 다국어 조약을 해석할 때도 병렬 말뭉치나 비교 말뭉치와 같은 다국어 말뭉치를 분석함으로써 도움을 받을 수 있을 것이다. The International Court of Justice (“ICJ”) has repeatedly stated that the customary rules of treaty interpretation are reflected in Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (“VCLT”). Article 31 of the VCLT, inter alia, provides to the effect that a treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose unless a special meaning shall be given to a term. In Immunities and Criminal Proceedings (Equatorial Guinea v. France) case, the ICJ finds, by a bare majority, that the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (“VCDR”), in their ordinary meaning, are of little assistance in determining the circumstances in which a property acquires the status of “premises of the mission”. This seems to suggest that the ordinary meaning of the provisions of a treaty should be discerned in some objective way, not by a native speaker’s intuition. The “ordinary meaning rule” has played a prominent role in statutory interpretation in the United States, and courts should assign to a statutory term its ordinary meaning unless that term is defined by the law. Over the past decade, corpus linguistics has become a respected tool for statutory interpretation in the United States ― one that provides an alternative to dictionaries. Given the objective character of corpus analysis for finding the ordinary meaning of words, it is submitted that corpus linguistics would be a promising tool for treaty interpretation as well. Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more languages could be assisted by analyzing an appropriate comparable or parallel corpus, or both.

국제위법행위에 대한 ‘司法的’ 대항조치

朴賢錫 ( Park¸ Hyun-seok ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2020 홍익법학 Vol.21 No.3

일반 국제법상 이른바 ‘사법적’ 대항조치, 특히 국내법원에 의한 대항조치의 허용 여부는 비교적 최근까지도 거의 논의되지 않았다. 명시적으로 ‘사법적’ 대항조치를 금지하는 일반 국제법규는 없지만, 국가가 자국 법원의 결정을 대항조치로 정당화한 사례는 찾아보기 어렵다. 만약 일반 국제법상 사법적 대항조치가 허용되지 않는다면 왜 그러한 대항조치가 허용되지 않는지 물을 수 있을 것이고, 또 사법적 대항조치가 허용되지만 단지 실제 사례가 없는 것일 따름이라면 왜 그런 사례가 없는지 물을 수 있을 것이다. 이 글의 목적은 이 질문에 대한 답을 찾아보는 데 있다. 현행 국제법상 ‘사법적’ 대항조치가 금지되지는 않은 것으로 보이고 또 그러한 대항조치로 볼 수 있는 사례가 전혀 없지는 않지만 드문 것이 사실이다. 사법적 대항조치로 볼 수 있는 사례가 드문 까닭은 다음과 같은 몇 가지 사정 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 첫째, 입법부나 행정부의 협력 없이는 특히 해당 외국의 선행 국제위법행위가 확인되지 않으므로 대항조치의 요건이 충족되지 못한다는 점이다. 둘째, 사법적 결정, 특히 외국이나 국제기구의 관할권 면제를 부인하는 법원의 결정은 적어도 부분적으로는 비가역적이라는 점이다. 셋째, 일반적으로 국가는 자국이 취하는 조치가 국제법상 적법하다고 주장하며, 그것을 대항조치라고 명시하기를 꺼린다는 점이다. 한편 Kadi 사건이 시사하는 바와 같이, 예컨대 유럽연합 법원은 유엔의 국제의무 위반에 해당하는 안전보장이사회의 결정을 이행하기 위해 양 기구의 회원인 국가가 취한 조치를 위법이라고 판시하거나 이를 취소하는 결정을 내릴 수도 있을 것이다. 일반 국제법상 피해국 이외의 국가 또는 국제기구에 의한 대항조치의 허용 여부는 아직 불분명하지만, 그러한 국가나 국제기구도 DARSIWA 제54조와 DARIO 제57조의 의미에서 ‘합법적 조치’를 취할 수는 있을 것이기 때문이다. Until recent days, it has been rarely discussed whether or not the so-called “judicial” countermeasures are permitted under general international law, especially countermeasures by domestic courts. There is no rule of general international law that explicitly prohibit “judicial” countermeasures, but it is difficult to find cases in which a State justified the decisions of its own courts as countermeasures. If judicial countermeasures are not permitted under general international law, you may ask why such countermeasures are not permitted; if such countermeasures are permitted but just real cases do not exist, you may ask why there are no such cases. This paper aims at finding the answer to this question. It does not appear that “judicial” countermeasures are prohibited under current international law, but there are few examples that can be regarded as such. There seems to be several reasons why such instances that may be regarded as judicial counter- measures are few. First, without the cooperation of the legislative or the executive, the requirements of countermeasures would not be satisfied, as no previous internationally wrongful acts by other States or international organizations could be confirmed. Second, judicial decisions including those denying jurisdictional immunities of other States or international organizations, are irreversible at least in part. Third, a State usually argues that the action it takes is lawful under international law and is reluctant to specify it as a countermeasure. On the other hand, as the Kadi case suggests, the European Union courts, for instance, could decide the legality or illegality of the measure taken by a State member of the the EU, which is also a member of the UN, to implement such Security Council decisions that are allegedly in violation of the UN’s international obligations. While it appears to be still controversial whether countermeasures by States or international organizations other than the injured are permitted, such States or international organizations may take “lawful measures” within the meaning of Article 54 DARSIWA and of Article 57 DARIO.