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윤형구 大韓神經精神醫學會 1979 신경정신의학 Vol.18 No.3
The author made a clinical study of 112 inpatients with organic brain syndromes who had been admitted at the neuropsychiatric department of In Je Medical College, Paik Hospital during the past 4 years from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1978. The results were as follows: 1. The proportion of organic brain syndrome was 12.4% of all hospitalized patients. The sex distribution was 63.4% (N=71) of male and 36.6%(N=41) of female. 2. The most common age was in the twenties. The highest frequency was seen in 40's in male, occupying 17% of all, and 20's in female, 12.5%. 3. The most frequent disease entity was idiopathic epilepsy (30.5%), and followed by brain trauma (15.2%), alcoholic psychosis (14.2%), senile and presenile dementia (8.0%), CO-intoxication (8.0%) and cerebrovascular disorder (7.1%). 4. The acute onset of symptoms (few minutes to several hours) occupied 58.0% of all cases, subactue form (within several days) 9.8%, and chronic form (more than several weeks) 32.1%. 5. Regarding to the clinical course, 55.4% of all cases showed clinical improvement and the rest were sustained, aggravated or resulted in death. 6. According to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅱ, 42.9% of all cases were found to be psychotic. 7. Among the neurololgical symptoms, the most frequent was convulsion, occupying 37.5% of all, and headache and dizziness (15.2%), incontinence (9.8%) were followed in successive order. On the other hand, acute delirious state was identified in 37.5% of all cases, behavior disorder was seen in 36.6%, and disorientation 26.0%. 8. The cases who were thought to be involved more than two etiological factors in their past history were 10.7%, and 14.3% of all was superimposed with functional mental disorders in the present clinical pictures. 9. Lesser than half (44.6%) of all cases were released from the hospital with the mutual consent between staff and patient. In this clinical study, it was intended to asertain the clinical findings in these patients by comparing with others' reports and to make them available to others for more advanced clinical subgrouping which is essential for specific diagnosis and adequate treatment.
윤형식 외 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.3
팽이버섯 병재배에서 재배사 내의 탄산가스 농도를 조절하여 소비자 요구에 맞는 버섯을 안정적으로 생산하고, 생육과 수확에 관련하여 적정기준 설정을 위해 실험을 수행한 결과이다. 공시균주 특성 값을 종합해보면 탄산가스 농도가 높아지면 초발이소요일수, 생육일수, 수확일수는 증가하는 경향이고, 백색계열보다 갈색계열이 탄산가스 농도에 상관없이 초발이소요일수, 생육일수, 수확일수가 전체적으로 짧으며, ASI 4103 균주와 같이 균주의 유전적 형질이 재배적 특성에 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다. 병당 수량성은 균주에 따라 처리농도에 따른 증감의 차이는 있으나, 전반적으로 탄산가스 농도가 높아지면 수확량은 감소하였다. 개체중은 균주에 따라 약간씩 차이는 있으나 대체적으로 탄산가스 농도가 증가하면서 약간씩 감소하는 경향이다. 병당 개체수에서는 균주간의 차이가 커서 탄산가스 농도 증가에 따른 일정한 경향을 확인 할 수 없었다. 자실체의 수분함량은 균주에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 탄산가스 농도의 증가에 따라 수분함량이 감소되었다. This study was performed to determine the optimal concentration of carbon dioxide, which effects mushroom growth and yield. It was shown that the periods for fruiting initiation, growth and harvest of Flammulina velutipes were increased when the CO₂ concentration was raised. In general, those characteristics were less affected in brown strains than in white ones. Especially brown strain ASI4103 was susceptible to changes in CO₂ concentration. Yields per bottle and individual mushroom weight also decreased in most strains when CO₂ levels increased. We were unable to designate any tendency in the number of fruiting bodies due to the large variation within each respective strain. Finally, water contents in the fruiting bodies were found to decline under high CO₂ concentrations.
김도윤,박형민,오상태,이성욱 韓國交通大學校 2022 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.57 No.-
After a period of tourism stagnation due to the corona virus epidemic, Korea is preparing to lift self-isolation and PCR results. Accordingly, we designed a platform application that can connect consumers and suppliers of travel guides that can respond to the influx of domestic and foreign tourists. DB design and client design were made using NoSQL-based Firebase server, Android Studio, and Java language. The suggestion app provides location-based tourist recommendation and tourist information output using GPS, and tour guide matching service using user information.
일측성 질폐쇄 및 동측 신장 무발생을 동반한 중복자궁 2예
윤일영,여소진,김형문,김정식,김태희,이해혁,남계현,이권해,김준모,김민의 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
Uterus didelphys with unilateral obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis usually presents after menarch with progressive abdominal pain during menses secondary to hematocolpos, and indeed a very rare congenital anomaly due to Mullerian duct malformation. An accurate and prompt diagnosis is of importance to permit treatment and to assure the future fertility of the patient. Pelvic ultrasound, physical examination and pelvic MRI established a diagnosis of hematometracolpos secondary to uterus didelphys with unilateral imperforate hemivagina. An incision in the vaginal septum allowed drainage of the hematocolpos, providing relief of the patients symptoms. We report two case of uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina with brief review of the literature.
윤형모 韓獨經商學會 1993 經商論叢 Vol.11 No.-
Die Analyse des Kapitalmarktes zeigt, daβ eine optimale Sparquote[(S/Y)M] existiert, und daβ diese Sparquote die maximale Investitionsquote erzeugt, Deshalbist die Sparquote [(S/Y)M]] ein Ziel der Wachstumspolitik. [(S/f)M] hat den Wert [r (1-R)/l+r]] in der Gleichung (4). Diese Relation besagt, daβ die maximale Invfstitionsquote steigt, wenn der Wert von "r" (Beeinflussung des Konsums auf dir Investitionen groβer wird. Aber das obige Ergebnis muβ modifiziert warden, wunn das wirtschaftspolitische Instrument fur die Korrektur der Sparquote die Einkommensverteilung beeinfluβt. Durch die Senkung der Sparquote kann die Regierung die zweifinanzpolitischen Ziele, Wirtschaftswachstum und Umverteilung zugunsten der Bezieher niedriger Einkommen, gleichzeitig erreichen, wenn die Sparquote groβor als [(S/Y)M] ist Aus dissem Grund muβ die optimale Sparquote[(S/Y)Q], die die finanzpolitischen Ziele von Wirtschaftswachstum und Umverteilung bezuglirh der Wohlfahrt optimal kombiniert, kleiner als [(S/Y)M] sein. Die Gewinnsteuer loβt sich als Instrument fur die Korrektur der Sparquote einsetzen. Mit der Zunahme des Gewinnsteuersatzes sinkt der Nettogewinn und damit die Sparquote, Bei der Ausgabe der Gewinnsteuer steigt die Sparquote nur im kleinen Ausmaβ, wenn die Regierung die Gewinnsteuer fur die Umverteilung zugunsten der Bezieher niedriger Eiukommen benutzt, Denn die Sparquote der Bezieher niedriger Einkommen ist sehr klein. In diesem Fall besteht eine negative Korrelation zwischen den Gewinnsteuersatz und der Sparquote. D. h. die Gewinnsteuer ist als Instrument fur die Herstellung der optimalen Sparquotef[(S/Y)Q] einzusetzen. die Moglichkeit dafur hangt von der Groβe des Existenz-Bereichs fur die Sparquote[(S/Y)Ql ab. Weil 0< [(S/Y)Q]<[(S/Y)M] ist, sinkt der Existenz-Bereich mil der Abnahme des Wertes von [(S/Y)M], der gleich [r(1-R)/(1+r)] in der Gleichung (4) ist. also, wenn der Wert von "r" (Beeinflussung des Konsumsauf die Investitionen) kleiner wird, sinkt der Wert [(S/Y)M] und damit steigt die Moglichkeit, daβ die optimale Gewinnsteuer eingesetzt wird, die Sparquote[(S/Y)Q] herstellt.
순수 Titanium주조체의 기계적 성질에 미치는 소둔온도와 유지시간의 영향
윤일,김형일,최석규 大韓齒科器材學會 1993 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.20 No.2
The effect of annealing temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties of pure titanium castings was investigated by means of microhardness test, compression test, microscopic observation, and EDS. Casting process was carried out under argon gas and the heat treatment was carried out under air. The results were as follows : 1. The mechanical properties of the specimens heat-treated at 500, 750℃ were slightly increased, but those of specimen heat-treated at 1,000℃ were remarkably increased by prolonged holding time. 2. The microstructures of specimens heat-treated at 500, 750℃ were bluntly serrated α structure, but that of specimen heat-treated at 1000℃ showed the mixture of acicular α and platelike α structures with a great number of fine precipitates. 4. The surface reaction layer was gradually thinned away by prolonged holding time at 1,000℃, Al and Si elements of the surface reaction layer were homogeneously diffused to the inside of the specimen.
윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1
일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.
흰쥐에서 음경발기 평가의 척도로서 음경해면체내압측정술 확립
송윤섭,김용준,이광우,김준모,문기혁,박영호,민영기,유형균,김형건 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: Because studies about the control of penile erection at the entral nervous system was dependent on the animal experiments, establishment of measuring penile erection is important to evaluate the effects changes at the central nervous system on the penile erection. Intracavernous pressure measurement in rats has been introduced as a suitable index for the evaluation of penile erection but this method is invasive and technically difficult. So, we established the intracavernous pressure measurement in rats as the experimental index for penile erection. Materials and Methods: 42 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300gm) were divided to saline or papaverine treated group. Rats were placed on a heating table to maintain their body temparature and anesthetized with 50mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium by intraperitoneal injection. A cannula was inserted to the left carotid artery to measure systemic blood pressure. Saline (0.05, 0.1ml), papaverine(0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0mg) were injected intracavernously via 26 guage needle filled with saline or papaverine which connected to pressure transducer and polygraph was inserted into the corpus cavernosum on one side to inject the drug and to measure intracavernous presure. Results: Properly executed insertion and intracavernous administration produced a instantaneous but transient rise in intracavernous pressure that substantially stabilized and maintained at 5.4±0.4mmHg. Intracavernous pressure and duration of penile blood flow following intracavernous injection of papaverine are increased comared to those of saline. Conclusions: Monitoring intracavernous pressure in rats represents a suitable index for the evaluation of penile erection in small laboratory animals.
백서에서 Depulpin®과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응
문형인,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,황인남,김선헌,정선와,윤창,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4
One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However, the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it may also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immumologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin®(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49% paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier. But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue, in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present. it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin® group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers , was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nucleli. A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resorption and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall. was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.