흉골 골절의 의의에 관한 임상적 연구

원형섭,황성연,박정배,이준형,박철완,이근 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

It has been known that sternal fracture increases the risk of potentially life-threatening injuries, such as myocardial, pulmonary, and thoracic vascular injuries, and it has 25% to 45% of mortality, primarily resulting from these underlying injuries. The authors reviewed retrospectively the medical records and radiographic findings of the patients who admitted with sternal fracture at Chung Ang Gil Hospital from 1 June 1994 to 31 December 1995 to evaluate the significance and clinical course of sternal fracture. The results were followings: 1. The male to female ratio was 3:2 and the mean age was 43.1 and 45.4 years old in male and female, respectively. 2. Motor vehicle occupant accident was the most common cause of sternal fracture. 3. Of 33 cases, there was no death, but common associated injuries which were rib fracture, hemothorax, lung contusion, vertebral fracture, penumothorax, long bone fracture, myocardial contusion, flail chest, facial chest, facial bone fracture, and pericardial effusion, in order. 4. The clinical course of sternal fracture was determined primarily by associated injuries except for communited sternal fracture. 5. The patients with isolated sternal fracture, who had an otherwise normal chest x-ray, normal electrocardiogram, no other significant associated injuries and are hemodynamically stable, had a benign clinical course.

모노머비에 따른 MMA/EA 합성 라텍스 폴리머 시멘트 모르터의 성질

형원길,김완기,소양섭 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the monomer ratio on properties of the polymer-modified mortars using methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate latexes, and to obtain basic data necessary to develop appropriate latexes for cement modifiers. This paper deals with the effect of the monomer ratio on the typical properties of polymer-modified mortars with methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate latexes. The polymer-modified mortars using MMA/EA latexes are prepared with various polymer-cement ratio, and tested for strengths, water absorption, and chloride-ion penetration depth. The test results indicate that the monomer ratio is very important factors to characterize the strength properties of polymer-modified mortars, but the water absorption and chloride-ion penetration depth are influenced by polymer-cement ratio rather than monomer ratios.

사지의 주요 동맥손상의 처치: 23증례에 대한 분석

원형섭,김상은,배성만,박철완,이 근,조상훈,김상일,우병완 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Extremity vascular trauma is common in most emergency centers, and controversy remains about the optimal management of arterial injuries. Retrospectively we reviewed the records of 23 patients who had upper or lower extremity arterial trauma from July 1994 to December 1995. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our department`s management policy to major arterial injuries. The leading cause of major arterial injuries was penetrating trauma. We found that there were clinical findings such as absence of or decreased strength of pulsation(82.6%), cool ischemic extremity(69.6%), large expanding hematoma(43.5%), major bleeding(17.4%) and bruit or thill(8.7%). We gave the priority to management of life-threatening injuries and applied the pressure dressing to wounds as early as possible. There were 18 men(78.3%) and 5 women(21.7%); the mean age was 35(range 20-56 years old) years. There were 12 arterial injuries(52.2%) in the upper extremity and 11 arterial injuries(47.8%) in the lower exteremity. The most commonly injured artery was the brachial artery in the upper(34.8%) and the femoral artery in the lower(30.4%) extremity. The etiology included knife stabbing in 10 patients(43.5%), motor vehicle accidents in 6(26.1%), industrial accidents in 4(17.4%), falls in 2(8.7%) and a farm equipment accident in 1 patient(4.3%). The associated injuries were muscle injuries(78.3%), fracture(56.5%), nerve injuries(52.2%), vein injuries(43.5%), shock(17.4%) and dislocation(13.0%). All patients with arterial injuries were given a preoperative prophylactic antibiotic and TIG(tetanus immunoglobulin). We used Doppler technique as a means of detecting the blood flow. Fourteen patients(60.9%) underwent preoperative arteriography in the radiology department. We performed surgical exploration as soon as major arterial injuries were suspected. The most common methods of treating major arterial injuries were interposition vein graft(69.6%) and end to end anastomosis(21.7%). Systemic or locally infused heparin was used for all vascular repairs. In many of our patients(56.5%), fasciotomy was performed before the vascular repair, as a part of the exploration of the distal arteries. There were 2 amputations(8.7%) but no death. The reason for secondary amputation were wound infection in one and failure to achieve sufficient arterial flow to the involved extremity with resulting gangrene in the other. As the time factor is vitally important in the management of arterial injuries, we advocate prompt and early surgical treatment within 6 hours of the trauma. In conclusion, we believe that the crucial factorsin successful management of major arterial injuries of the extremities are early diagnosis, prompt treatment, complete debridement, fasciotomy when indicated, and simultaneous treatment of concomitant injuries.

誘發된 侵害에 대한 正當防衛

元瀅植 건국대학교 1998 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.46 No.1

Die Fa¨lle der provozierter Notwehrlage lassen rich nach der subjektiver Seite des Provokateurs in drei Konstellationen teilen: 1) Absichtsprovokation, 2) Vorsa¨tzliche Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage, 3) fahrla¨ssige Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage. Diese Fa¨11e ko¨nnen loch je nach der objektiven Qualita¨t des provoziernden Verhaltens in drei Foemen geteilt werden: Das provoziernde Verhalten int a) rechtma¨ßig odter sogar rechtlich geboten, b) rechtswidrig, c) rechtma¨ßig, abet sozialethisch mißbilligenswert. Die Ergebnisse der U¨berpriifu¨ng der Grundmuster, die lurch Kombination der objektiven unto suhjektiven Gegebenheiten erhalten werden, lassen rich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: ① Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Rechtssicherheit ist die relativ klare Abgrenzung zwischen rechtma¨ßig/rechtswidrig der wenig griffigen Differenzierung in sozialethisch gobilligt/mißbilligenswert vorzuziehen . ② Es entspricht den allgemeinen Grundsa¨tzen des Strafrechts, daß Absichtsprovokation und vorsa¨tzliche Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage derselber Beurteilung unterliegen, weir unser Strafrecht grundsa¨tzlich zwischen Absicht und Vorsatz nicht unterscheidet, und bedingte Vorsatz als eine Art des Vorsatzes vie andere Arten des Vorsatzes gleich behandelt wird. ③ Wenn der Angriff durch rechtma¨ßiges Verhalten provoziert wird, ist die Verteidigung gegenu¨ber dem Angriff kein MiBbrauch des Notwehrrechts und wird deshalb gerechtfertigt, unabha¨ngig davon, ob der Angriff absichtlich, vorsa¨tzlich odor fahrla¨ssig provoziert wird. ④ In Fa¨11e der Angriffsprovokation durch rechtswidriges Verhalten kommt es bei der BeruteilBung des Rechtsmißbrauchs darauf an, ob der Angriff vermeidbar oder nicht. Wenn der Angrifr vermeidbar, stellt die Verteidigungshandlung einen Mißbrauch des Notwehrrechts dar und somit unangemessen. Wenn der Angrif unvermeidbar, wird die Vetorteidigung gerechtfertigt. ⑤ Ein entgu¨ltiges Urteil u¨ber die Tat des Provokateurs wird noch nicht gefa¨11t, wenn such die Verteidigung gegenu¨ber unvermeidbarem Angriff lurch Notwehr gerechtfertigt ist. Sein Vorverhalten, also provozierendes Verhalten muß noch nach dem Gedanken der actio illicita in causa gepru¨ft werden. Wenn der Provokateur den unvermeidbaren Angriff mix Absicht oder bedingtem Vorsatz provoziert, ist er wegen vorsa¨tzlicher Tat strafbar. Wenn der Provokateur die Herbeifu¨hrung der Notwehrlage nicht bewußt hat, aber diese voraussehbar war, so int or wegen Fahrla¨ssigkeit zu bestrafen.

응급실로 내원한 장중첩증의증 환아의 진단방법에 대한 임상적 고찰

원형섭,박정배,표창해,김형수,박철완,이근 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriate diagnostic methods for the patients with suspected intussusception. Intrssusception is a state that a portion of alimentary tract is telescoped into a segment just caudad to it, and has a characteristic symptoms of cyclic irritability, vomiting, bloody stools and palpable mass, It is the most common cause of acute or acquired intestinal obstruction in infants and children, and needs early diagnosis and immediate treatment. Authors reviewed retrospectively medical records of 411 infants & children with suspected intussusception from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1994 and report the results with literature reviews. The results were as followings; 1) 263 cases were definite intussusception(DI) out of 411 suspected intussusception(SI). 2) The male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1 in SI and 2.8 : 1 in DI. 3) The distribution of age revealed that 85% of SI and 84% of DI were under 24 months old, and the most common age was 8 months in SI and 10 months in DI. 4) There were upper respiratory infection in 84 cases(2)%), gastroenteritis in 32 cases(8%) and bronchiolitis in 8 cases(2%) as preceding diseases. 5) The simple X-ray showed gaseous bowel distension in 212 cases(52%). 6) The most common symptoms and signs were cyclic irritability and abdominal pain(94%), bloody stools(72%), palpable abdominal mass(47%), in order. 7) Of 411 patients, 252 cases(61%) were diagnosed and treated by air enema(228 cases) and/or exploration(24 cases). Among 296 cases(72%) who showed bloody stools in digital rectal examination and glycerin enema, 245 cases(83%) were confirmed as intussusception through air enema and/or operative intervention, and that corresponds to 93% of DI. 8) Intestinal perforation as complication occurred in 3 of 393 cases who underwent air and barium enema, but all of them recovered without any sequelae after operation. Conclusively, it is thought that air enema preceded by digital rectal examination and glycerin enema is safe and useful method in diagnosis and treatment of infants and children with SI.

緊急避難에 있어서 利益較量

元瀅植,崔秉文 尙志大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

1. Es gibt zwei Notstandsarten, also den rechtfertigenden und entschuldigenden Notstand(Differenzierungstheorie). Der rechtfertigende Notstand nach §22 StGB begrundet sich auf dem Prinzip des uberwiegenden Interesses, das eins von den allgemeinen Prinzipien der Rechtfertigungsgrunden ist. Wer zur Abwendung einer gegewartigen Gefahr fur sein Leben einen anderen totet, handelt nicht in rechtfertigendem Notstand nach §22 StGB, weil das geschutzte und beeintrachtigte Interesse gleichwertig sind. Aber wenn ihm normgemaβes Verhalten nicht zumutbar ist, wird die Tat entschuldigt werden. Den ubergesetzlichen Entschuldigungsgrund, der sich auf den Grundgedanken der Unzumutbarkeit normgemaβen Verhaltens begrundet, nennt man entschuldigenden Notstand. 2. Es gibt einige Falle des rechtfertigenden Notstands, also agressiven und defensiven Notstand und Pflichtenkollision. Bei dem agressiven Notstand greift der Notstandstater zur Abwendung von Gefahr in das Rechtsgut eines unbeteiligten Dritten, wahrend beim defensiven Notstand wehrt er sich gegen eine von Opfer ausgehende Gefahr. Und eine Pflichtenkollision liegt vor, wenn zwei verschiedene Handlungspflichten bestehen, von denen der eine nur auf Kosten der anderen erfullbar ist. 3. Beim agressiven Notstand muβ das geschutzte Interesse das beeintrachtigte Interesse wesentlich uberwiegen. Aber beim defensiven Notstand genugt es zur Rechtfertigung der Abwehrhandlung, wenn das geschutzte Interesse zum beeintrachtigten Interesse nicht auβer Verhaltnis steht. 4. Bei der Behandlung der Pflichtenkollision ist zwischen Kollision gleichwertiger Handlungsflichten und die verschiedenwertiger Handlungspflichten zu unterscheiden. Der Tater handelt nicht rechtswidrig, wenn er bei verschiedenwertigen Pflichten die hoherrangige erfullt. Bei gleichwertigen Handlungsflichten ist seine Unterlassung rechtmaβig, wenn er eine von beiden erfullt. 5. Bei der Anwendung von §22 StGB wird nicht nur eine Guterabwagung, sondern eine umfassende Interessenabwagung verlangt. Folgende Umstande mussen dabei berucksichtigt werden: Wert der Rechtsguter, Intensitat der Rechtsgutsverletzung, Grad der drohenden Gefahr, Autonomieprinzip, Gefahrtragungspflicht usw. 6. Die h. L. beschrankt den rechtfertigenden Notstand durch Angemessenheitsprinzip. Danach ist die zwangsweise Blutentnahme zur Rettung eines Menschenlebens unangemessen, weil sie autonome Entscheidungsfreiheit verletzt. Aber dieses Prinzip wird insoweit uberflussig werden, als bei der umfassenden Interessenabwagung der Entscheidungsfreiheit Rechnung getragt wird.

논문 : 국내 시중은행의 원/달러 환율 예측력 분석

형남원 ( Nam Won Hyung ),전형철 ( Hyun Chol Jeon ) 명지대학교 금융지식연구소 2010 금융지식연구 Vol.8 No.3

국내의 일부 은행은 매일 오전 외환시장의 동향에 대한 정보를 제공하면서 환율의 금일변동의 예상범위를 제시하고 있다. 본고에서는 그 중 한 일반은행을 택하여 금일예상범위에서 제시된 일별 원/달러 환율의 예측치의 예측력을 분석하고, 시계열모형을 통한 예측력의 개선방안에 대해 연구하였다. 이 은행에서 제시하는 환율예측치를 벤치마크로 삼아 ARMA모형, GARCH모형, 지수평활화, 임의보행모형 등의 시계열모형의 예측치와 비교·분석하였다. 리먼 브라더스의 파산으로 촉발된 2008년 하반기의 국제금융의 위기로 인한 환율의 급격한 변동을 반영한 분석도 시도하였다. 예측의 편의성(biasness)을 검정하기 위한 MFE 통계량, 예측력의 우월성을 비교하는 RMSFE 통계량, 예측력의 통계적 차이를 검정하기위해 Diebold and Mariano 검정방법, 환율변동 방향에 대한 예측력을 검정하기 위해 DOC기준을 각각 사용하였다. 분석 결과 이 은행의 예측치가 다른 시계열 예측치보다 우수한 예측력을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 국제금융위기로 변동성이 심해진 기간을 감안한 분석의 결과도 비슷하게 나타났다. 이 은행의 예측치와 시계열 모형 예측치를 반영하는 결합예측치를 만드는 경우 은행의 예측치가 가지는 편의성이 대폭 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 예측력도 제한적인 범위에서 개선이 있는 경우도 나타났다. 특히 변동방향의 예측에서 상당한 정도의 개선이 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study investigates the performance of a major commercial bank in Korea in terms of forecasting daily exchange rates. The paper suggests several alternative forecasting methods based on time series models, including ARMA, GARCH, GARCH with a structural break, exponential smoothing, the random walk model. The out-of-sample forecasting performance of the bank`s forecasting method was compared with that of the alternative forecasting methods by using the root mean squared forecast error (RMSFE) and the direction of change (DOC). The results indicate that the bank`s forecasting method has a clear advantage over the alternative methods. However, the bank`s forecasting method offers no advantage in terms of the mean forecast error (MFE). The forecasting methods were then combined to improve forecasting performance. The results do not provide evidence of such an improvement in terms of the MSFE but indicate a significant reduction in forecast bias and an increase in forecasting performance in terms of the DOC.

여가스포츠 참여자의 여가행태 및 여가정체성이 가족기능에 미치는 영향

원형중,박지선 이화여자대학교 동작과학연구소 2012 이화체육논집 Vol.14 No.-

이 연구는 여가스포츠 참여자의 여가행태 및 여가정체성이 가족기능에 미치는 영향을 파악함으로써 가족공동체 안에서의 진지한 여가가 갖는 의미를 해석 하는데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 여가스포츠참여자 320명을 대상으로 ‘여가정체성’과 ‘가족기능’척도를 이용한 설문지를 배포하였고, 최종분석에 사용된 설문지는 총 295부 이며 자료 분석을 위한 방법으로 차이검증과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해서 여가스포츠 참여자의 여가행태가 여가정체성에 미치는 영향이 규명되었고, 그들의 여가행태와 여가정체성은 가족기능에 부분적으로 부정적인 영향을 미침이 확인되었다. 이는 여가행태의 특정한 경향을 보이는 개인에게 있어서는 지금까지 선행연구들이 밝힌 가족기능에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 여가활동 요인이외에도 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요인들이 있음을 증명하며, 가족여가활동의 개선안이 필요함을 제시하는 근거로 활용 할 수 있다 The purpose of this study was to interpret and understand the meaning of serious leisure within family by examining effects of leisure style and leisure identity on family function. In order to achieve this research purpose, questionnaires using scales of 'leisure identity' and 'family function' were administered to 320 participants in leisure sports and total 295 papers of them were used for the final analysis. The primary data analyses used in this study were t-test and regression analysis. Through the results, effects of leisure style of participants in serious leisure were examined and it was identified that leisure style and leisure identity of participants had negative effects on family function. These results demonstrate that there are another factors having negative effects on family function, except for factors of leisure activity having positive effects on it, which previous studies have verified and the study results are able to be used as sources to suggest that improvements of family leisure activity.

흰쥐에서 척수신경 등쪽뿌리 절단후 척수 등쪽뿔의 substance P 및 calcitoningene-related peptide 함유 신경섬유에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

이원택,이명식,이종은,박경아 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

갑상선기능저하증 이환견에 대한 치료 증례

김혜원,이선희,임수정,박형진,김태신,송은식,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2009 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

A 10-year-old, male, poodle dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University because of continuous cough and cardiomegaly. Weight gain, lethargy, unwillingness to exercise and decreased activity was revealed on history. Obesty and alopecia was also observed on physical examination. Hypercholesterolemia and increased ALP was revealed on blood exam. So, evaluation of thyroid gland function was performed and cTSH concentration was increased. tT4 and fT4 concentrations was decreased. Results of a history, physical examination, blood exam, and thyroid gland fuction test support a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Initial therapy with sodium levothyroxine was indicated. On 32 days after treatment of hypothyroidism, clinical signs was relieved and cTSH concentration was decreased, tT4 and fT4 concenctrations was increased.