Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

대학의 홍보가 대학 이미지 및 경쟁력 지각에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 2년제 대학의 홍보전략을 중심으로

정형식,김영심,김영인 朝鮮大學校 2002 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.25 No.1

브랜드資産을 極大化하기 위한 廣告 및 客觀的 證憑의 利用

鄭亨植 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1997 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.20 No.2

광분해법을 이용한 액정배향의 어닐링 효과에 대한 연구

김형규,서대식 崇實大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

We investigated the annealing effect on liquid crystal (LC) using the photo-depolymerization reaction in this study. For obliquely irradiating ultraviolet (UV) light on a polymer (PI) surface, pretilt angle shows to 0°and increased by annealing. The generated pretilt angle on rubbed PI surface was much higher than that on photo-aligned PI surface. It is attributed to the steric interaction and the number of LC molecular alignment on azimuthal direction. In addition, in case of obliquely irradiating UV light on a PI surface, it showed LC alignment to increase by annealing. It can be regarded due to the fact that the re-alignment of LC molecules is improved to residual polymer direction by annealing.

행정윤리로서의 사회적 형평성에 관한 이론적 고찰 : 복지정책과 이념정립 모색 A Search for Establishing the Ideology of Welfare Policy

전형원,함우식 군산대학교 지역개발연구소 1991 地域開發硏究 Vol.3 No.-

대학의 추진전략 및 촉진 성과 지각이 대학 이미지에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

정형식,김영심,이재석 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 2002 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.25 No.1

한국인 갑상선 수질암 환자에서 RET 원종양유전자 점돌연변이 양상

김형훈,김현진,정윤재,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원,기창석,김종원,정재훈 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.4

연구배경: 갑상선 수질암의 25∼30%는 유전성으로 발현되는데, MEN 2A, MEN 2B 또는 가족성 수질암의 형태로 나타난다. RET 원종양유전자의 점돌연변이가 유전성 갑상선 수질암의 발생에 중요한 역할을 하므로, 진단 당시의 연령이나 가족력 유무에 관계없이 모든 갑상선 수질암 환자나 또는 RET 변이가 발견된 수질암 환자의 가족 구성원들에서 RET 변이 검색을 하여야 한다. 또한 일부 문헌에서 RET 변이의 양상에따라 임상상이 다르게 표현됨이 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 한국인 갑상선 수질암 환자에서 RET 원종양유전자의 점돌연변이의 양성률을 알아보고, 변이 양상에 따른 임상상의 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 치근 7년간 본원에서 갑상선절제술을 통해 갑상선 수질암으로 진단받은 29예에서 RET 원종양유전자의 점돌연변이 검사를 시행하였다. 29예의 평균연령은 39세(20∼60세)이었고, 남자 7예, 여자 22예 이었다. 이들의 말초혈액에서 genomic DNA를 분리하고, 특이 시발차를 이용하여 RET 원종양유전자의 exon10, 11, 13, 14, 16부위를 증폭하였다. 증폭된 부위를 자동염기서열분석기를 이용하여 직접 분석하였다. 양성으로 나온 경우는 모든 가족 구성원을 대상으로 RET 변이 유무를 검색하였다. 결과: 대상 환자 29예 중 9예 (31%)에서 RET 원종양유전자 점돌연변이가 발견되었다 RET 변이가 발견된 9예 (남자 3예, 여자 6예)의 평균 연령은 33세 (20∼51세)로 RET 변이가 발견되지 않은 20예의 평균연령 42세(24∼60세)보다 의미 있게 적었다. RET 변이가 발견된 9예 중 MEN 2A가 5예, 가족성 수질암이 1예, 그리고 산발성 수질암이 3예이었고, MEN 2B는단 1예도 진단되지 않았다. MEN 2A 5예 중 4예는 exon 11의 codon 634번(C634R 2예, C634Y 2예)에서, 그리고 나머지 1예는exon 10의 codon 618번 (C618R)에서 변이가 각각 발견되었다. 가족성 수질암 1아는 codon 634번(C634W)에서, 산발성 수질암 3예도 모두 codon 634번 (C634y 2예, C634s 1예)에서 각각 변이가 발견되었다. RET변이 양상 또는 위치에 따른 임상상의 차이는 발견할 수 없었다. 결론: 갑상선 수질암 환자 31%에서 RET 원종양유전자의 점돌연변이를 발견할 수 있었다. 유전성 수질암 중 가족성 수질암 1예를 제외하고 나머지 5예는MEN 2A이었다. 저자들의 5예와 지금까지 국내에서 보고 된 7예를 합친 국내 MEN 2A 12예 중 75% (9/12)는 exon 11의codon 634번(C634R 4예, C634y 4예, C634w 1예)에서, 그리고 나머지 25% (3/12)는 exon 10의 codon618번(C618R 2예, C618s 1예)에서 변이가 발견되었다. 국내에서는 codon 634과 codon 618 두 곳에만 국한된 양상이었고, codon 634에서의 C634R 변이는 1/3에서만 나타났다. 비록 본 연구에서는 제한된 환자 수 때문에 변이 양상과 임상상의 관계를 규명할 수 없었지만, 향후 많은 수의 환자를 대상으로 전향적인 연구를 시행하여 genotype-phenotype 관계 규명을 하는 것이 필요하다. Background: Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) have been reported as hereditary in about 25 -30% of cases. The identification of germline mutation in RET proto-oncogene is important in the diagnosis of hereditary MTC, and occurs in three forms: MEN 2A, MEN 2B and familial MTC (FMTC). To evaluate the prevalence of the relationship of RET proto-oncogene mutation and genotype-phenotype was studied in Korean patients with MTC. Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 29 patients, with MTC, who underwent a total thyroidectomy, between 1997 and 2003, at the Samsung Medical Center. There were 7 male and 22 female patients, with an average age of 39, ranging from 20 to 60 years. Exon 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16 of the RET proto-oncogene were amplified, with specific primers, using PCR. A sequencing analysis was performed on the PCR product using an automatic sequencing analyzer. Results: Nine of the 29 patients (31%) were identified as having RET mutations. The average age of these 9 patients was 33 years, ranging from 20 to 51, with a female to male ratio of 2. Five patients had MEN 2A and one had FMTC, with the other 3 thought to have non-hereditary (sporadic) MTC. The 4 patients with MEN 2A had RET mutations on codon 634 of exon 11 (2 patients, C634R; 2 patients, C634Y) and the other patient on codon 618 of exon 10 (C618R). One patient with FMTC had a mutation on codon 634 (C634W). Three patients with sporadic MTC had RET mutations on codon 634 (2 patients, C634Y; 1 patient, C634S). However, no genotype- phenotype relationship could be found, due to the limited number of patients. Conclusion: Thirty-one percent (9/29) of the patients with MTC had RET proto-oncogene mutations. Three-quarters (9/12) of the Korean patients with MEN 2A, including another 7 patients reported in 3 papers in Korea, had RET mutations on codon 634 of exon 11 (4 patients, C634R; 4 patients, C634Y; 1 patient, C634W), but a quarter (3/12) had mutations on codon 618 of exon 10 (2 patients, C618R; 1 patient, C618S). Although no relations could be found between the genotypes and phenotypes, extensive prospective studies will be required to verify this (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:360-370, 2003).

전자상거래 서비스품질과 사전이용경험이 이용자 만족 및 구매의사에 미치는 영향

정형식,황준하 한국정보전략학회 2000 한국정보전략학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The objectives of this research are to investigate major factors of Service Quality(SQ), Questionnaires for user interface satisfaction(QUIS), and the effects of these factors, and an interaction effect of prior internet experience on satisfaction and purchase intention. A survey was conducted to collected the data with the questionnaires, 193 questionnaires were used for the analyses. The study results show that consumer perceived SQ and QUIS, and the judgements of a specific shopping mall's product and service in the processes from information search to afterservice affect consumer satisfaction and behavioral intention as hypothesized. Consumers' Internet shopping experience was found to affect behavioral intention interactively with satisfaction. Tangibility and reliability dimensions of service quality were found to be the major factors affecting consumer satisfaction. Also, the dimension of interaction between service provider and consumer in QUIS was a major factor for the satisfaction and behavioral intention. In sum, the results of this research appear to explain consumers' Internet shopping mall behavior. This research offers several implications for Internet marketers and academics.

호주의 사회정책과 민중주의적 참여의 모순

김형식 중앙대학교 호주학연구소 2001 Journal of Australian studies Vol.8 No.1

This paper explores the theme with the assumption that the beginning developmental stage of the Australian Welfare State was underpinned by strong populist elements. However, this Populist foundation was gradually weakened and became more anti-populist by the growing disparity between the rich and poor in Australian society and, bureaucratization of overall political system with the corresponding expansion of policy arena. Social policy is seen as a mechanism for social change which had forged a strategic alliance with the labor Party. In this paper, the Labor Party is used as an example of progressive political party which espoused diversified socio-political movements for change, although it too had lost its original populist elements burdened by the overriding conservative traditions of the Australian politics on the one hand, and the rise of new social movement on the other. This paper admits the fact that the use of the term 'populism' is to a large extent more limited than in the past and notes that it appears to have been replaced by the term 'democratic political participation' If polulism is equated with practices of "letting the political leaders know of what people think" by casting votes and participating in debates, populism and democratic participation might be used interchangeably without causing too much confusion. 'Populism' may appear to have been dated, although 'participation' comes to us with more 'contemporary' flare. Yet, democratic participation simply replaces the old populism which in fact had failed to provide systematic criticism of the system. The relative weakening of the populism could also be examined in the context of declining influence of the labor movements in Australian society as an old social movement, which in return stimulated the development of the spirit of participatory democracy. The paper uses the experience of Australian Assistance Plan to illustrate the politics of participation, although this was frustrated with the collapse of the Labor Government and the emergence of new social movements. This paper contrasts the conflicting agendas of the old and new social movements, especially drawing attention to the fact that labor no longer dominates the issues any more in the face of single issues. It may be appropriate to suggest that we should move on to explore 'postmodern' meaning of populism or democratic participation to accommodate the changing realities of diversified world.

게오르그 뷔히너

유형식 한국뷔히너학회 1990 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.3 No.-