Crossing the Wilderness: The Meaning of Toil in Hemingway's “Big Two Hearted River” and McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses

( Seo¸ Ju-hyun ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

Although Hemingway's short story “Big Two Hearted River” was not popular during that period, it has literary themes that are central to Hemingway and has a strong sense of his typical writing style, the iceberg technique. Therefore, his seemingly simple and short story of Nick Adams should not be underestimated as an account of a peaceful journey toward nature. On the contrary, it is a story of an inwardly and outwardly wounded soldier from the First World War. Hemingway himself also took part in the same war and was traumatized by the event. Cormac McCarthy also examines the anxieties of modern people in his writing by using similar iceberg technique. For this reason, his novel All the Pretty Horses should not be considered as another old-fashioned Western adventure story. As Nick Adams in “Big Two Hearted River”, John Grady Cole is a victim of the World War. John Grady Cole’s father participated the Second World War and he lost his Wille zum Leben. Ultimately, his father’s participation leads John’s entire family to be torn apart. After the death of John Grady Cole’s maternal grandfather, he leaves United States for Mexico in order to keep his cowboy lifestyle and spirit. This paper aims to compare two stories, “Big Two Hearted River” and All the Pretty Horses, so as to show personal journey and toil in the wilderness as a means of self-redemption and regaining one’s authentic identity in a disoriented modern world. To examine the meaning of journey toward the wilderness, it is important to remember that there are two different aspects in American Wilderness. First, it has the qualities of solitude and hardship. Second, it is an attractive place to city dwellers who want to escape from too much civilization. In this perspective, I will explore the possibility of the two protagonists’ endeavors at healing their damaged identities in the wilderness. This paper will be divided into three main parts. First, I will examine the departures of the two protagonists toward the wilderness. Second, I will discuss the effects of their endeavors in the wilderness. Lastly, I will explore their gradual realization of the reality and constant exertions to regain control over their authentic identities and values. This comparison process will give the readers the idea that the protagonists’ patient labors and toils in crossing the wilderness can be read as efforts to restore their impaired subjecthood in a post-war world. Even though the two protagonists’ endeavors to heal their identities in it are not successfully fulfilled, it would be worthwhile to analyze some positive aspects of their attempts as our contemporaries’ heroic challenge.

A STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE CATALOG AND GUTENBERG-RICHTER PARAMETER VALUES OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA

Seo, Jeong-Moon,Choi, In-Kil,Rhee, Hyun-Me Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1

The KIER's Korean historical earthquake catalog was revised for MMI${\geq}$VI events recorded from the years 27 A.D. to 1904. the magnitude of each event was directly determined from the criteria suggested by Seo. The criteria incorporated the damage phenomena of the Japanese historical earthquake catalog, recent seismological studies, and the results of tests performed on ancient structures in Korea. Thus, the uncertainty of the magnitudes of the Korean historical earthquakes can be reduced. Also, the Gutenberg-Richter parameter values were estimated based on the revised catalog of this study. It was determined that the magnitudes of a maximum inland and minimum offshore event were approximately 6.3 and 6.5, respectively. The Gutenberg-Richter parameter pairs of the historical earthquake catalog were estimated to be a=5.32${\pm}$0.21, b=0.95${\pm}$0.19, which were somewhat lower than those obtained from recent complete instrumental earthquakes. No apparent change in the Gutenberg-Richter parameter is observed for the $16^{th}-17^{th}$ centuries of the seismically active period.

초등학교 5,6학년의 경험적 내러티브 분석 연구 -학급 내 발표 상황에서 생성된 담화를 중심으로-

서현석 ( Hyun Seok Seo ) 청람어문교육학회(구 청람어문학회) 2015 청람어문교육 Vol.56 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 5·6학년 학생의 경험적 내러티브 담화를 분석하고, 양적·질적인 면에서 해석함으로써 교육적 시사점을 모색하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 이루기 위해 연구자는 경험적 내러티브가 지니는 초등교육, 국어 교육, 인성 교육적 측면에서의 의의를 고찰하였다. 그리고 서울, 경기, 대구 등 세 개 지역의 5,6학년이 생성한 내러티브 담화를 수집하였다. 최종 선정된 104개의 담화를 분석한 결과, 학급 내 발표 상황에서 5·6학년 학습자의 경험적 내러티브 평균 발화 시간은 36.87(초)이 었으며, 내러티브 당 에피소드는 평균 1.9개, 평균 2.34개의 문장과 4.26개의 C-unit을 포함하였다. 경험적 내러티브 구조의 발달 수준은 평균 3.84(SD=1.791)로 분석되었다. 5·6학년의 경험적 내러티브 담화를 서현석 외(2013)에서 분석한 1·2학년의 경험적 내러티브 담화와 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 5·6학년의 경험적 내러티브에서 좀 더 많은 부가 관계의 말하기 양상이 포착되었다. 이는 인과관계를 효과적으로 구사하여 내러티브를 구성하는 능숙한 화자의 말하기로 볼 수 없는 것이다. 둘째, 5·6학년 학습자의 경험적 내러티브의 구조 발달 수준은 1·2학년의 경험적 내러티브 구조의 발달 수준(평균 5.39 /SD=1.743)보다 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 학년이 올라갈수록 점차 늘어나는 학습량을 일정한 수업 시간 내에 다루어야 하기에 좀 더 교사 중심적인 수업이 되는 것과 관련이 있다고 해석할 수 있다. 즉, 5·6학년 학생들은 진정한 자기표현이 기회 대신에 자신의 경험과 멀어지는 추상적인 학습 내용에 집중하게 되어 오히려 1·2학 년의 경험적 내러티브 구조 발달 수준보다 낮은 수준을 보였다. Purpose of this study is analyzing personal narrative discourse of elementary fifth and sixth graders and seeking educative implication by interpreting quantitative and qualitative side. To achieve purpose of this study, researcher considers personal narrative’s meaning on aspect of elementary education, Korean language education and character education. Researcher also analyzes 104 narrative discourses generated from elementary fifth and sixth graders of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu. The analysis shows that at presenting context in class, the average speaking time of the learner’s personal narrative is 36.87 seconds and the average number of the stories per one narrative is 1.9. It also includes 2.34 sentences and 4.26 C-units on average. And the level of development of personal narrative structure is 3.84(SD = 1.791) on average. Researcher compares the fifth and sixth grader’s personal narrative discourse with the first and second grader’s analyzed by Seo, Hyun-Seok et al(2013). First of all, in the fifth and sixth grader’s personal narrative, more modes of telling with additive relation are detected. This is rather far from telling of skillful narrator that constructs narrative by expressing causal relation efficiently. Secondly, the fifth and sixth learner’s level of development of personal narrative structure is analyzed lower than the first and second learner’s(5.39 on average /SD=1.743). This result shows that the higher grade students move, the more teacher-centered class is. Because more quantity of learning must be treated in fixed class hour. In other words, the fifth and sixth students concentrate abstract learning contents instead of true self-expression. This rather influences the result that the fifth and sixth learner’s level of personal narrative fulfillment is lower than the first and second learner``s.

Selenium 공급방법이 수경재배 토마토의 생장과 Se 흡수에 미치는 영향

이철규(Cheol-Kyu Lee),조경철(Kyung-Cheol Cho),이정현(Jeong-Hyun Lee),조자용(Ja-Yong Cho),서범석(Beom-Seok Seo),양원모(Won-Mo Yang) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2005 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.14 No.4

토마토 ‘모모타로’를 공시하여 셀레늄 10㎎ㆍL?¹의 관주 및 엽면시비 등의 단용 및 혼용처리가 수경재배 토마토의 생육 및 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 토마토 종자를 50공 트레이에 파종하여 70일 동안 육묘한 후 유묘를 코코피트 슬라이브를 이용한 수경재배 시스템에 정식하였다. 양액은 일본원예시험장 배양액 표준처방으로 조성하였으며, pH 5.8~6.2와 EC 2.3 ㎎ㆍL?¹ 등으로 조절하여 공급하였다. 셀레늄은 무기태 SeO₂와 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 10 ㎎ㆍL?¹으로 조성하여 관주, 엽면시비, 관주와 엽면시비를 병행하여 처리하였다. 초장, 엽수, 엽면적 및 엽록소 등의 토마토 생장반응은 셀레늄의 엽면시비, 그리고 엽면시비와 관주를 병행한 처리구에서 현저히 증가하였다. 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량은 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 엽면시비와 관주를 병행하여 처리한 경우에 0.302 ㎎ㆍL?¹으로 가장 높았다. 무기태와 유기태 셀레늄의 엽면시비와 관주 등의 단용 처리 보다는 혼용 처리가 전반적인 과실 생장과 체내 셀레늄 축적에 효과적이었다. 무기태 설레늄(SeO₂) 보다는 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화한 유기태 셀레늄 처리가 셀레늄을 함유한 기능성 토마토의 수경재배에 더 효과적이었다. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of supplying methods of selenium on the growth and Se uptake of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Tomato seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Momotaro T-93, Daki Seed Co.) were sown in plug tray with fifty holes, and raised for sixty days. Tomato seedlings transplanted to coco fiber slabs were supplied with the nutrient solutions adjusted to EC 2.3 dSㆍm?¹ and pH 5.8~6.2 recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Selenium forms used were inorganic SeO₂ (here in after referred to Se) and organic selenium chelated with sugar fatty acid ester (here in after referred to chelated-Se). 10 ppm selenium solutions were treated to tomato plants with foliar applications, drenching, and foliar application plus drenching. Growth characteristics in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly increased in the plot of foliar application of Se, and in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se than other plots, respectively. Transported contents of selenium into the tomato fruits were highest as 0.302 ppm in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se. Also, it had tended to be higher in the plot of foliar application plus drenching than in the plots of foliar application or drenching in both of Se and chelated-Se. Foliar application and drenching of organic chelated-Se were effective to produce the functional tomato fruits.

서초동(서울시 서초구)의 거미상

김주필(Joo Pil Kim),정혜리(Hye ri Jeong),김대희(Dae Hee Kim),박동우(Dong Woo Park),서재웅(Jae Woong Seo),이현우(Hyun woo Lee) 한국거미연구소 2017 한국거미 Vol.33 No.1

2016년 3월 31일부터 7월 31일까지 서울특별시 서초구 서초동에 위치한 서울고등학교 교정 일대를 서울고등학교 환경생물부 부원들이 채집 조사한 결과 20과 43속 53종의 거미가 조사 연구되어 이에 보고하는 바이다. From March 31st to July 31st in 2016, members of an environmental biology club at Seoul High School located in Seocho-gu, Seoul, Dae-Hee Kim, Dong-Woo Park, Jae-Woong Seo and Hyun-woo Lee, collected 20 families 43 genera 53 species of spiders and report the result of the study here.

제주시 재래상권의 활성화 방안

서현진,김태보 제주대학교 관광산업연구소 2001 産經論集 Vol.15 No.2

ZigBee를 이용한 저전력 텔레매트리 연구

서민석,이호응,박현주 한밭대학교 2004 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

This paper presents the method to apply ZigBee communication technologies to existing telemetry. ZigBee communications aim at low power consumption wireless communication. Telemetry is become more efficient by taking advantage of ZigBee communication. We measured the basic capacity of battery. And through the study of using more efficient electric power we study the implementation methods of telemetry to be able to communicate based on ZigBee for a long time.

事業部制下의 豫算編成過程에 관한 硏究 : 二元的 管理構造로부터의 接近 An Approach to the Dual Structure of Budgeting

徐賢珍 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.30 No.1

As organzations grow, top management faces two contuinuing problems: a) how to divide activities and responsbilities, and b) how to coordinate subunits. Inevitably, the centralized management system based on functional organization in genernal has been changed to a decentralized management system, the authority to make decisions is distributed among subunits' managers. The decentralized management system engages a divisional organization which is managed by profit centers, because profit centers are useful to division managers who are reponsible to the division's performance in both revenues and expenses. The specific incentives for introducing the divisional organization system based on profit centers are information specialization, timeliness of response, conservation of central management's time and training and motivation for managers of each division. This study reviews the budgeting process of the management system employing divisional organization. As the mangement subunits of divisional organizations are separated from both head office and other divisions, a budgeting process is characterized by a dual structure. Therefore, the major function of a budgeting process in a divisional organization is to coordinate management subunits including the head office and it's divisions and to motivate division managers. First of all, the basic assumptions for preparing the budget under divisional organizations include the following: 1) identification of the relationships of authority between the head office and the divisions 2) performance appraisal of divisions 3) cost allocations of comon costs, for exemple, head office expenditures 4) intra-company transfer pricing methods 5) preparation of the budget manual 6) establishment of an accounting system applicable to divisional organization and etc. Let us look more closely at the budgeting process of the head office and divisions: (1) the budgeting process of the head office First, the head office must establish a comprehensive profit plan and the overall budget manual. The former refers to top management's business targets for the comming year and the latter, a standard for preparing each division's budget. In preparing the master budget, the head office's budget must first be prepared to include both the managerial department and the service department. Then, divisions' budgets and head office budgets are meshed. The budget committee is participated in by controllers and/or division managers who discuss and coordinate to arrive at a synthesized master budget. Top management determines the final master budget. (2) the budgeting process of divisions For preparing divisons' budgets, division managers must establish a profit plan and a budget manual within the division based on the comprehensive profit plan and the overall budget manual. Subunits of the divisions, for example functional departments, must prepare their departments' budgets based on the divisional budget manual. After depatments' budgets are meshed, the bdudget committee and the budget staff of the division discuss the bdudget. Division managers decide division budgets independently.

치면열구전색제의 표면처리와 중합시간 증가에 따른 미반응 모노머 용리 평가

서현우 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

본 연구는 복합 레진의 중합률에 영향을 미치는 광조사 시간을 달리하여 치면열구전색제를 중합하였을 경우 이로부터 용리되는 미반응 모노머들을 확인하고 정향화하고자 하였다. 그리고 치면열구전색제 중합 후 표면에 나타나는 미반응 모노머 층을 다양한 방법으로 제거한 후 용리되는 미반응 모노머들을 정량분석함으로써 미반응 모노머의 제거효과를 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 광충합 시간에 따라 각각 20초, 40초. 60초간 중합한 후, 중합시간 별로 어떠한 처리도 시행하지 않은 군을 대조군, 증류수로 10초간 세척한 군을 I군(Group I), 75% 알콜에 젖은 면구로 10초간 문지른 군을 ll군(Group II), 퍼미스와 러버컵을 이용하여 10초간 처리하고 증류수로 가볍게 세척한 군을 III군(Group III)으로 분류하였다. 표면처리 후 각 시편을 3차 증류수에 넣고 37℃ 항온 수조에서 10분간 보관한 후 각각의 용리액을 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 정성 및 정량 분석을 시행하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모든 대조군과 실험군에서 TEGDMA를 제외한 어떠한 모노머들도 검출되지 않았다 2. 최소 중합시간, 권장 중합시간, 권장 중합시간 이상의 순으로 중합시간이 증가할수록 TEGDMA의 용리량은 감소하였다. 3. 표면처리를 한 군들은 대조군에 비하여 TEGDMA의 용리량이 유의할 만하게 간소하였다. 4. 표면처리를 한 군 가운데 퍼미스와 러버컵을 이용한 경우 잔존 모노머의 제거 효과가 다른 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높았다. 5. 권장 중합시간 이상인 60초 중합 후, 퍼미스와 러버컵을 이용하여 표면처리한 경우 가장 적은 양의 모노머 용리량을 보였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a various light curing time on the residual monomers released from light-cured dental sealant, and to examine the effectiveness of surface treatment in reducing the oxygen-inhibited layer of light-cured dental sealant(Helioseal^(®) F, Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Specimens were cured with a halogen light curing unit(XL 3000, 3M, USA) for 20, 40, 60s. Surface treatment of a light-cured dental sealant included no treatment(control group), a 10-seconds exposure to distilled water(Group I), 10-seconds manual application using a cotton pellet wetted with 75% alcohol(Group II), and 10-seconds application of a water/pumice slurry using a rubber cup on a slow-speed handpiece. The specimens were eluted in distilled water for 10 minutes. All elutes were analyzed by HPLC for identification and quantitive analysis of monomers. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. None of the chromatograms of the tested sealant displayed peaks with the same retention time as that of the standard solution, except for TEGDMA. 2. The release of TEGDMA decreased with increasing curing time in conventional halogen light. 3. All surface treatment group had a decrease of monomer release in comparison with no treatment group. 4. Treatment that Group III eliminated the greatest amount of any type of residual monomers. 5. The elution of unreacted monomers from curing with halogen curing unit for 60s and Group III was less than other groups.

병리검사 처방오류 개선 시스템 구축

이현임,최영진,구숙희,양승주,김병로,김묘정,신일근,신미옥,서임선 한국의료QA학회 2006 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.13 No.2

문제: 조직병리검사의 처방이 복잡하고 전문화됨에 따라 오류처방이 빈번하게 발생되고 이를 해결하기위한 프로세스가 복잡하여 부서간의 갈등과 업무의 가중, 또한 병원 수입 감소가 초래되었다. 목적: 발생된 오류처방의 유형과 발생율, 오류처방을 해결하기 위한 프로세스를 파악하여 이에 대한 문제점을 개선하여 업무의 효율성과 관련부서간의 부가업무 감소와 갈등해소, 더불어 병원수익을 향상시키는 것에 목표를 두고 활동하였다. 의료기관: 서울시에 소재한 종합병원 질 향상 활동: 조직병리검사 처방의 오류처방 발생 원인과 유형, 발생율을 조사하여 원인을 파악하고 개선을 위한 프로세스를 구축하여 질 향상을 도모하였다. 개선효과: 수술실에서 의뢰한 외과 입원환자의 일반조직병리검사 오류율은 개선 전 7.8%에서 개선 후 3.5%, 동결절편조직검사 오류율은 개선 전 28.6%에서 개선 후 0%로 이전보다 모두 개선되었다. 또한 수술실 간호사의 업무 만족도는 일반조직병리검사의 처방시 95%, 동결절편조직검사 처방시 90%로 높은 만족도를 보였다. 단 병리과의 경우 업무가 증가됨에 따라 초과근무시간이 증가하였다.