방정환의 동화론 「새로 開拓되는 童話에 關하야」에 대한 고찰 : 일본 타이쇼시대 동화이론과의 영향 관계

이정현(Yi Jung-hyun) 한국아동청소년문학학회 2008 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.3

Bang Jung-hwan(1899-1931) is surely an indispensible writer when we look back on Korean Children’s Literature in 1920’s. Truly Bang Jung-hwan set up innumerous achievements. One of them was that he settled a genre called as a fairy tale in the modern age of Korea. In this sense this thesis will study on Bang Jung hwan’s theory of fairy tale, ‘About the Newly Developed Fairy Tale’. This thesis especially will contemplate on how Japanese writers, including theirfairy tale theory, their point of view on the fairy tale, and books about the theory of the fairy tale in Daishow Era, influenced on Bang Jung-hwan’s theory. Bang Jung-hwan went to Japan in 1920’s when children’s literatures in Japan blossomed most. In 1918 the magazine, ‘Akaitori’ was launched. From the year the fairy tale and children’s song movement as kind of Akaitori movement was in the period of the prosperity. It was the period all the magazines listing children’s song and fairy tales were sold well. Many works were written. And it proves studies on the children and fairy tales had become more active from Maysy. When Bang Jung-hwan wrote his theory, ‘About the Newly Developed Fairy Tale’, he was influenced by several Japanese writers and their works, which were Takagitosio’s Fairytale and Study(1916), Ogawa Mimei and Akita Wuzak’s theories about fairy tale in special July issue of Wasedabungaku in 1921, and Fairytale Study’s first edition 1922, 7) published in June of 1922. As a result of comparing and analyzing these texts with Bang Jung-hwan’s writing style, it became obvious that Ewaya Sazanami’s Otogibanasi and Szki Miekichi’s fairy tale were fused in Bang Jung-hwan’s work. Also Bang Jung-hwan was influenced by Takaki Tosio’s text, Ogawa Mimei and Akita Wuzak’s theories about fairy tale, and the periodical, ‘Study on Fairytale’. Mimei said , “Fairytale is not for only children but for all the people who have innocent mind.” And Wuzak said, “adult and children in their whole life become one through only fairytale world and there difference between the soul of adult and that of children disappears. We should write about the childlike characters in mankind.” Bang Jung-hwan made these two Japanese writers’ point of view about fairytale fused in his writing and he created his own point of view. Bang Jung-hwan’s theory was most detail and it is important in that it shows Bang Jung-hwan’s thought and knowledge about fairytale. It is regrettable that it was necessary to be influenced by Japanese children’s literature. But it is more important that there exists Bang Jung-hwan’s own point of view. Moreover he created his own style with his affection on children and the influence of the Chundo religion insisting all the human are created equal.

방정환의 번역동화 「호수의 여왕」에 대한 고찰

이정현 ( Jung Hyun Yi ) 건국대학교 동화와번역연구소(구 건국대학교 중원인문연구소) 2007 동화와 번역 Vol.13 No.-

방정환은 1921년에 오스카 와일드의 동화 「행복한 왕자」를 번역, 발표한 이후 계속해서 동화를 번역하여 발표하게 된다. 1922년 7월에는 『사랑의 선물』을 간행함과 동시에 『개벽』 7월호와 9월호에 2회에 걸쳐 아나톨 프랑스의 작품 「호수의 여왕」을 번역하여 발표했다. 아나톨 프랑스의 작품 중에는 「호수의 여왕」이라는 제목의 작품이 존재하지 않지만, 이 제목과 동일한 제목의 작품이 아나톨 프랑스의 창작 동화로써 『세카이도우와호교쿠슈(世界童話寶玉集)』에 쿠스야마 마사오(楠山正雄)의 번역으로 실려 있다. 필자는 졸론 「방정환의 번역동화와 『모한가테이분코(模範家庭文庫)』에서 『사랑의 선물』의 다섯 번 째 동화 「한네레의 죽음」이 『세카이도우와호교쿠슈(世界童話寶玉集)』에 실려 있는 미즈타니 마사루(水谷勝)역 「한네레노 쇼우텐(ハンネレの昇天)」을 저본으로 해서 번역한 것에 대해 논했다. 방정환은 「호수의 여왕」에도 「한네레의 죽음」과 같이 일본어 저본에 실려 있는 3점의 삽화를 그대로 활용하고 있어, 「한네레의 죽음」의 번역에 연이어 「호수의 여왕」을 번역해 개벽에 실은 것으로 추측된다. 이 삽화는 모두 오카모토 키이치(岡本歸一)의 그림으로 졸론 「방정환의 번역동화와『킨노후네』」에서 논한 바 있으므로 본 논문에서는 언급하지 않았다. 본 논문은 쿠스야마역과 방정환역의 삽화의 비교 및 내용의 비교분석을 함으로써 쿠스야마역 「湖水の女王」을 방정환역의 저본임을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또, 이 작업을 통해서 근대 한국에의 아나톨 프랑스의 수용에 있어서의 근대 일본의 아동문학의 영향에 대해서 고찰함과 동시에 방정환의 번역의 특징에 대해서도 고찰하고자 했다. 이상의 목적으로 고찰한 결과, 방정환의 번역동화 「호수의 여왕」의 저본에 있어서 삽화의 일치, 그리고 내용 면에서도 완역에 가깝게 충실히 번역되어 있는 것 등의 근거로 쿠스야마 마사오역 「湖水の女王」가 그 저본으로 사용되었음을 확인했다. 그리고 필자는 쿠스야마가 사용한 저본이 아나톨 프랑스의 원작 "Abeille"가 아닌 앤드류 랑의 "The Story of Little King Loc"임도 확인했다. 방정환은 다만 쿠스야마가 제목까지 바꾸어 번역해 놓은 일본어역을 저본으로 번역을 했을 뿐이다. 내용면에서는 방정환이 1921년에 번역한 「왕자와 제비」를 결말 부분을 재화한 것과 1923년에 번역한 「성냥팔이 소녀」를 번역할 때 한국의 당시 상황을 고려해 번안한 것에 비해 등장 인물인 소인의 성격을 조금 바꾸어 묘사한 것을 제외하면 거의 완역에 가깝다. 그리고 문체의 면에서는 어린이를 생각하여 어린이들이 읽기 쉽게 전문을 한글로 표기하여 한자는 괄호 안에 넣어서 표기하는 등의 배려가 보인다. 이러한 특징은 이 작품 뿐 아니라 방정환의 동화에 전반적으로 보이는 특징으로 보이지만 이 작품에서도 그러한 특징이 눈에 띈다. 마지막으로 1920년대 초에 한국에 아나톨 프랑스의 이름과 그의 동화를 소개한 것에는 큰 의의가 있는 것으로 평가할 수 있다. After Bang Jung-hwan translated and announced Oscar Wilde`s fairy tale "The Happy Prince" in 1921, he started to translate more fairy tales frequently. Bang Jung-hwan published Gift of Love on July, 1922, translated and announced Anatole France`s work "Queen of the Lake" over two times in Gebyuk, July issue and September issue at once. Among Anatole France`s work, title that is "Queen of the Lake" does not exist. But this title has created by Kusuyama in Sekaidowahogyokusyu which is a translation of Anatole France`s original fairy tale. The writer discussed that Bang Jung-hwan`s translation of a fairy tale and the 5th story of "Gift of Love" in Mohankayeibunko` were the origin of Mizutani Masaru a part of "Hannere`s Ascension". It is conjectured that Bang Jung-hwan used the same three illustrations in "Queen of the Lake" as same as "Hannere`s death" which are from original Japanese work, After translation of "Hannere`s death" he translated "Queen of the Lake" then announced in Gebyuk. All these illustrations created by Okamoto Kiichi, and it have mentioned already in Bang Jung-hwan`s translation of a fairy tale and Kinnohune, so it`s not mention in main contents. Also, I wished to investigate about that investigate about Anatole France`s effect of modern age Japanese juvenile literature in accommodation to modern age Korea through this work and at the same time Bang Jung-hwan`s characteristic of translation. Results investigating by purpose of singularity, queen of Bang Jung-hwan`s translation of a fairy tale "Queen of the Lake" that was translated nearly faithfully into complete version, and contents of illustration by Kusuyama Masao "Queen of the Lake" is an origin of Bang Jung-hwan`s translation. And the writer confirmed Bang Jung-hwan used Andrew Lang`s "The Story of Little King Loc" as an origin not from Anatole France`s original work "Abeille". Bang Jung-hwan used original work for the translation, instead of using direct Japanese translation which Kusuyama translated. It is almost complete translation except the end part of "The Happy Prince" that Bang Jung-hwan translated in 1921 and "The Little Match Girl" that translated in 1923 which is considered the circumstance at that time of Korea and changed the personality of the part in that story. Also, used full text in Hangul readably and put all the Chinese characters inside of parenthesis for the children. Commonly these characteristics are seen by visible characteristics in Bang Jung-hwan`s animation as well as this work. Finally, we can evaluate that it was large sense to introduce Anatole France`s name and his fairy tales in Korea in early 1920s.

현진건 장편번역소설 「백발」 연구

황정현(Hwang Jung-hyun) 고려대학교 한국학연구소 2012 한국학연구 Vol.42 No.-

본 논문은 현진건의 장편번역소설 백발(1921) 의 원작과 저본을 밝히고, 이를 통해 현진건의 작가론 및 한국 근대번역번안문학 연구의 폭을 넓히고자 했다. 이 소설은 내용으로 미루어 보아 알렉상드르 뒤마의 소설 몽테 크리스토 백작 의 번안이라고 막연히 추정되어 왔으나, 이는 오류이다. 백발 의 원작은 영국 소설가 마리 코렐리의 복수(1886) 이고, 저본은 일본 작가 구로이와 루이코의 번안 백발귀(1893) 이다. 영국 빅토리아 시대 인기 작가였던 마리 코렐리의 작품을 일본의 구로이와 루이코가 번안했고, 당시 ≪조선일보≫의 기자였던 현진건이 구로이와 루이코의 일역본을 다시 우리말로 옮긴 것이다. 백발 의 원작과 저본의 확인은 현진건의 작품 연보를 수정 보완하고 문학 활동을 재조명함으로써, 현진건의 문학 세계를 보다 다각도에서 조망할 가능성을 제시한다.<br/> 또한 본 논문은 이 소설의 연재 및 출간을 둘러 싼 자료를 분석함으로써, 신문기자 현진건의 번역 활동이 소설가 현진건의 문학관과는 별개로 이루어졌음을 밝히는 한편, 이 소설이 지닌 독자 호응 요소에 대해서도 고찰했다. 현진건은 독자층의 범위와 작품의 성격에 따라 원작자명 및 역자명 표기, 작중인물명 설정을 달리하였다. 이는 번역가로서 현진건이 소설가와 신문기자라는 이중의 정체성을 지니고 있었음을 말해 준다. 신문기자의 역할을 극대화하여 번역한 백발 은 당대의 시대적 상황 및 독자들의 요구와 부합하여 인기 있는 대중소설로 자리매김할 수 있었다. This paper proposes to clarify the two sources of Hyun Jin-geon’s full-length translation novel Gray Hair, which are the original text and the adapted version from which Hyun’s novel was translated again, respectively. Accordingly this paper is expected to widen the breadth of research on Hyun’s literature and Korea’s translation/adaptation literature in the modern era. Gray Hair, judging from the content, has been vaguely estimated as adapted from the French novel Le Comte de Monte-Cristo. I argue, however, that the original text of Gray Hair is the British novelist Marie Corelli’s Vendetta (1886) and that Gray Hair was not the direct adaptation from the original but translated from another text that is the Japanese writer Ruiko Kuroiwa’s Gray Haired Ghost (1893). Ruiko Kuroiwa adapted the work of Marie Corelli the popular British writer in<br/> the Victorian era, and Hyun Jin-geon, a newspaper reporter for Chosun Ilbo at that time, translated the Ruiko Kuroiwa’s Japanese adaptation into Korean again.<br/> The clarification of the two sources of Hyun Jin-geon’s Gray Hair―the British original text and the Japanese adaptation as the second-handed source for Korean translation, respectively―suggests the possibility to correct or supplement the chronological listings of Hyun’s literary works and, therefore, overlook his literary world more fully and from different angles. In addition, by analyzing the records and documents surrounding the serial installments in newspaper and publication of Gray Hair, this paper, on one hand, examines that translation work of Hyun as a journalist was made independently of his literary career as a novelist. Concerning the translated text, we can understand that Hyun had different attitude to the target, which he translated, based on certain standards. He arranged different settings for the notation of author's name, translator's<br/> name, and character's names in the translated texts in accordance with the range readership and the artistry of the work. This tells us Hyun has dual identity as a novelist and a newspaper reporter. <br/> On the other hand, the contemporary reader’s response to serial translation novels in newspaper is also investigated in this paper. Such textural and contextual study on Gray Hair is expected to contribute to further efforts to investigate the nature of Korea’s translation and adaptation literature in the modern era.

김정일 시대 북한의 대남기동성 정치에 관한 유형화 연구

정현수(Hyun-Soo Jung) 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2017 OUGHTOPIA Vol.32 No.2

김정일 집권기간 동안의 북한이 핵역량을 강화하려는 시도는 국제관계에서 약소국이 강대국을 상대로 외교적 영향력을 행사하면서 국가이익을 확보하는 약소국의 외교적 기동성에 해당한다. 김정일 시대에서 한미동맹은 협력과 갈등을 반복하면서 북한의 대남기동성에도 결정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 분석되었다. 분석에 따르면, 김영삼 정부가 선택한 대북 강경노선은 한미갈등을 유발하고 북한이 ‘통미봉남’ 전략을 구사하면서 저항형 배제를 통해 기동성을 발휘하였고, 대북온건노선을 선택한 김대중 정부에 대해서는 미국의 정권교체에 동반된 한미동맹과의 협력과 갈등에도 불구하고 순응형 협력행태를 통해 실리추구형 대남기동성을 확보할 수 있었다. 그러나 대북 온건노선을 주장한 노무현 정부에 대해서는 한미갈등을 기반으로 순응하면서도 저항하는 병행적 순응형으로 기동성을 발휘한 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 마지막으로 이명박 정부에 대해서는 대북압박공조에 대응하여 적대적 맞대응전략을 구사하면서 위협과 다변화를 통해 대남 기동성을 확보하는데 성공할 수 있었다. 이상의 내용을 토대로 김정일 시대에서 북한의 대남기동성은 북한의 외교적 역량의 산물보다는 한미동맹에 기반하고 있는 분단체제의 복합적 구조의 산물로 볼 수 있다는 결론에 도달하였다. North Korea exercised its maneuverability against South Korea during Kim Jung-il’s regime by having aligned with an adversarial power through ‘bandwagoning’ and exerted influence accordingly. From this, it can be noticed that North Korea’s maneuverability against South Korea took different forms according to changes of ROK-US alliance. Kim Jung-il pursued a policy of dialogue toward the US but isolation toward South Korea and excluded the resistant power during Kim Young-sam government. During Kim Dae-jung government, North Korea demonstrated ‘compliance cooperation.’ During Roh Moo-hyun government, North Korea took a multilateral approach. Lastly, during Lee Myung-bak government, North Korea successfully acquired its maneuverability against South Korea through ‘resistance escalation’. Thus, ROK-US alliance has been identified as a crucial factor that affects North Korea’s maneuverability against South Korea.

국내 프로야구 구단의 브랜드 이미지 강화전략

정현철,이정학 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 2004 體育學論文集 Vol.32 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the brand image of Korean professional baseball clubs in the spectators view through brand image scale of the previous study and further to provide a direction in reinforcement strategy of brand image of professional baseball clubs. The target of this research were people who attended the games in four home stadiums consisting of LG Twins, Doo San Bears, SK Wyverns, and Hyun Dai Unicorns during the 2004 Korean professional baseball season 370 samples were used in this analysis. Four domains and ten sub domains from "A study of the generalization of sports brand image scale" by Hong Seok-Pyo(2002) and reconstructed questionnaires of "A study of an effect of brand image on product consumption" by Kim, Ku-Nam(2000) were used as research materials. Factor analysis and reliability test used to confirm the availability of the scale. The results from descriptive statistics, analysis of variance by using SPSS WIN 11.0 are as following. First, results indicated that brand image for each baseball club divided into several sub domains and its sub facet. LG Twins has excitement, competence as sub domain and refreshing, modernity as its facet for its brand image. SK Wyverns has excitement, sincerity as sub domain and refreshing, ruggedness as its facet. Hyun Dai Unicorns has sincerity, competence as sub domain and reliability, successful as its facet. Doo San Bears has excitement, ruggedness as sub domain and ruggedness, toughness for its facet. Second, the peat impacts on developing brand image for each professional baseball club are shown as team formation factor, game style factor, and stadium factor except stadium factor of Hyun Dai Unicorns. In conclusion, A direction in reinforcement strategy of brand image are deduced as following. First, brand personality should be applied. Second, each professional baseball dub needs constant application of brand image. Consistency of brand image and brand image making movement in the baseball clubs and an application of Integrate Marketing Communication(IMC) and be applied in reinforcing brand image.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

아동들의 태권도 수련활동참가에 따른 열등감 및 자아존중감의 관계

정재엽,정국현,김지영,김현철,이용국 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between children's Inferiority and self-esteem during Taekwondo practice. In order to achieve this purpose, 480 subject were selected among participants of Taekwondo activity programs in the Seoul area by using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Out of the 480 questionnaires responded to. only 414 were used for data analyses because 66 were responded to incompletely or incorrectly. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in which Inferiority and self-esteem consisted of items identified by Jun(1999) and Jun(1993), respectively. The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, standard multiple regression analysis and the following results were obtained: First, both Inferiority and self-esteem differ statistically and significantly according to both sociodemographic variables. Second, both Inferiority and self-esteem differ statistically and significantly according to Taekwondo practice. Third, Inferiority statistically and significantly influences self-esteem.

발열을 동반한 호중구감소증에서 Cefepime 단독투여와 Ceftazidime 및 Tobramycin 병합투여의 효능비교

정현욱,채제욱,강미라,양정채,문치숙,기현균,장현하,오원섭,김기현,백경란,이남용,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 국내에서 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자에게 경험적 항생제로 베타락탐계 항생제와 아미노배당체의 병합요법의 사용이 일반적이다. Cefepime은 광범위 항균 작용을 가지고 있어, 그람 음성균 뿐만 아니라 그람 양성균에 대해서도 우수한 효과를 나타낸다. 재료 및 방법: 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자를 대상으로 무작위, 공개, 비교 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 환자를 무작위로 cefepime 단독요법군과 ceftazidime 및 tobramycin 병합요법군으로 나누어 투여하고 각각의 임상적 효능과 안전성을 비교하였다. 구강및 인후 점막염이 있는 환자에서 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균에 대한 항생제 내성 정도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 대상환자 89명 중 CA 투여군이 48예(53.9%), CT 투여군이 41예(46.1%)이었다. 발열의 유형별로 MDI는 18예(20.2%), CDI는 9예(10.1%), UF는 62예(69.7%)로 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 임상적 호전률은 시험약 투여 후 2-4일째 각각 91.7%, 85.4% (P=0.31), 치료 종료 시 각각 91.7%, 100% (P=0.15)로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 치료 종료 시 CA 투여군과 CT 투여군의 세균학적 소실률은 모두 100%로 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.78). 점막염이 있는 환자로부터 녹색 연쇄알 구균이 분리된 경우는 25예(28.1%)이었으며, 분리된 녹색 연쇄알 구균은 penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, vancomycin에 모두 감수성을 보였다. 약제 관련 이상 반응의 발생 빈도도 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 발열을 동반한 호중구감소증이 있는 악성 종양환자의 경험적 항생제로서 cefepime 단독요법은 ceftazidime 및 아미노배당체의 병합요법만큼 효과적이고 안전하였다. Background : Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has been recommended as an empirical regimen in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin with good activity against both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. Materials and Methods : To compare the efficacy and safety of cefepime alone with ceftazidime plus tobramycin as empirical regimen for adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia, a randomized, open label, comparative trial was performed. If the patient showed clinical improvent 72 hours, antibiotic could be changed to oral ciprofloxacin. Clinical and microbiological responses were determined at 72 hours and at the end of therapy. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of viridans streptococci, swab cultures were obtained from throat in all enrolled patients and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using microdilution method according to the NCCLS. Results : A total of 89 patients were enrolled. Forty-eight patients received cefepime alone (CA), and 41 patients received ceftazidime plus tobramycin (CT). Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups (P>0.05). The initial clinical success rate at day 2-4 in group CA (91.7%) was similar with that in CT group (85.4%) (P=0.31). At the end of therapy, the final clinical success rate in CA group (91.7%) was similar to that in CT group (100%) (P=0.15). In 18 patients, with microbiologically defined infections, the eradication rate was 100% in both groups. Adverse events including liver dysfunction (21.3%) and renal dysfunction (2.2%), were similar in both groups (P=0.87). Viridans streptococci were isolated from the throat cultures in 25 cases, and all of these strains were susceptible to penicillin (MIC_(90) 0.12 ㎍/mL), cefepime (1 ㎍/mL), and vancomycin (0.12 ㎍/mL). Conclusion : Efficacy and safety of cefepime monotherapy was comparable to the combination of ceftazidime and tobramycin. It could be used as an alternative empirical regimen for treating cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.

A Structural Model of Intra-Organizational Diffusion of Information Technology: Firm's Database System Adoption

hyun,jung suk 한국산업경영시스템학회 1999 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.22 No.53

나노 충전제 함량에 따른 복합레진의 표면 미세경도 차이

정영정,김연재,김정욱,이상훈,김종철,한세현,장기택 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

최근에 개발된 나노 충전제를 microhybrid 복합레진에 첨가할 때, 나노 충전제 함량이 중합에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해, 실험적으로 나노 충전제의 함량을 다르게 제작한 복합레진에서 광중합 후 미세경도를 측정, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 나노 충전제의 함량이 2%, 3%인 군은 0%, 1%인 군에 비해 중합된 면의 미세경도가 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.01), 그 차이는 크지 않았다. 2. 나노 충전제의 함량이 높을수록 레진 시편의 하면에서의 미세경도는 증가하였으며, 나노 충전제의 함량이 0%, 1%, 2%간에, 0%, 1%, 3%간에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01), 2%와 3%간에는 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 3. 레진 시편의 상면과 하면의 미세 경도 차이는 나노 충전제 함량이 높을수록 감소하였으며, 나노 충전제의 함량이 0%, 1%, 2%간에, 0%, 1%, 3%간에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01), 2%와 3%간에는 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nanofiller content on the microhardness and polymerization of experimental microhybrid composites. The nanofiller contents in the experimental composites were varied (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%), while the total filler content remained constant as 76 %wt. We obtained the following results: 1. The microhardness of the top surface for the 2%, 3% nanofilled microhybrid composites were significantly higher than those for the 0%, 1% nanofilled composites (p<0.05), but the difference was not great. 2. The microhardness of the bottom surfaces significantly increased with an increase in the nanofiller level (p<0.05), except between the 2% and 3% nanofilled groups (p>0.05). 3. As the nanofiller level increased, the difference beween microhardness of top and bottom surfaces significantly decreased (p<0.05), except between 2% and 3% nanofilled groups (p>0.05).