Crossing the Wilderness: The Meaning of Toil in Hemingway's “Big Two Hearted River” and McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses

( Seo¸ Ju-hyun ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

Although Hemingway's short story “Big Two Hearted River” was not popular during that period, it has literary themes that are central to Hemingway and has a strong sense of his typical writing style, the iceberg technique. Therefore, his seemingly simple and short story of Nick Adams should not be underestimated as an account of a peaceful journey toward nature. On the contrary, it is a story of an inwardly and outwardly wounded soldier from the First World War. Hemingway himself also took part in the same war and was traumatized by the event. Cormac McCarthy also examines the anxieties of modern people in his writing by using similar iceberg technique. For this reason, his novel All the Pretty Horses should not be considered as another old-fashioned Western adventure story. As Nick Adams in “Big Two Hearted River”, John Grady Cole is a victim of the World War. John Grady Cole’s father participated the Second World War and he lost his Wille zum Leben. Ultimately, his father’s participation leads John’s entire family to be torn apart. After the death of John Grady Cole’s maternal grandfather, he leaves United States for Mexico in order to keep his cowboy lifestyle and spirit. This paper aims to compare two stories, “Big Two Hearted River” and All the Pretty Horses, so as to show personal journey and toil in the wilderness as a means of self-redemption and regaining one’s authentic identity in a disoriented modern world. To examine the meaning of journey toward the wilderness, it is important to remember that there are two different aspects in American Wilderness. First, it has the qualities of solitude and hardship. Second, it is an attractive place to city dwellers who want to escape from too much civilization. In this perspective, I will explore the possibility of the two protagonists’ endeavors at healing their damaged identities in the wilderness. This paper will be divided into three main parts. First, I will examine the departures of the two protagonists toward the wilderness. Second, I will discuss the effects of their endeavors in the wilderness. Lastly, I will explore their gradual realization of the reality and constant exertions to regain control over their authentic identities and values. This comparison process will give the readers the idea that the protagonists’ patient labors and toils in crossing the wilderness can be read as efforts to restore their impaired subjecthood in a post-war world. Even though the two protagonists’ endeavors to heal their identities in it are not successfully fulfilled, it would be worthwhile to analyze some positive aspects of their attempts as our contemporaries’ heroic challenge.

A STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE CATALOG AND GUTENBERG-RICHTER PARAMETER VALUES OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA

Seo, Jeong-Moon,Choi, In-Kil,Rhee, Hyun-Me Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.1

The KIER's Korean historical earthquake catalog was revised for MMI${\geq}$VI events recorded from the years 27 A.D. to 1904. the magnitude of each event was directly determined from the criteria suggested by Seo. The criteria incorporated the damage phenomena of the Japanese historical earthquake catalog, recent seismological studies, and the results of tests performed on ancient structures in Korea. Thus, the uncertainty of the magnitudes of the Korean historical earthquakes can be reduced. Also, the Gutenberg-Richter parameter values were estimated based on the revised catalog of this study. It was determined that the magnitudes of a maximum inland and minimum offshore event were approximately 6.3 and 6.5, respectively. The Gutenberg-Richter parameter pairs of the historical earthquake catalog were estimated to be a=5.32${\pm}$0.21, b=0.95${\pm}$0.19, which were somewhat lower than those obtained from recent complete instrumental earthquakes. No apparent change in the Gutenberg-Richter parameter is observed for the $16^{th}-17^{th}$ centuries of the seismically active period.

초등학교 5,6학년의 경험적 내러티브 분석 연구 -학급 내 발표 상황에서 생성된 담화를 중심으로-

서현석 ( Hyun Seok Seo ) 청람어문교육학회(구 청람어문학회) 2015 청람어문교육 Vol.56 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 5·6학년 학생의 경험적 내러티브 담화를 분석하고, 양적·질적인 면에서 해석함으로써 교육적 시사점을 모색하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 이루기 위해 연구자는 경험적 내러티브가 지니는 초등교육, 국어 교육, 인성 교육적 측면에서의 의의를 고찰하였다. 그리고 서울, 경기, 대구 등 세 개 지역의 5,6학년이 생성한 내러티브 담화를 수집하였다. 최종 선정된 104개의 담화를 분석한 결과, 학급 내 발표 상황에서 5·6학년 학습자의 경험적 내러티브 평균 발화 시간은 36.87(초)이 었으며, 내러티브 당 에피소드는 평균 1.9개, 평균 2.34개의 문장과 4.26개의 C-unit을 포함하였다. 경험적 내러티브 구조의 발달 수준은 평균 3.84(SD=1.791)로 분석되었다. 5·6학년의 경험적 내러티브 담화를 서현석 외(2013)에서 분석한 1·2학년의 경험적 내러티브 담화와 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 5·6학년의 경험적 내러티브에서 좀 더 많은 부가 관계의 말하기 양상이 포착되었다. 이는 인과관계를 효과적으로 구사하여 내러티브를 구성하는 능숙한 화자의 말하기로 볼 수 없는 것이다. 둘째, 5·6학년 학습자의 경험적 내러티브의 구조 발달 수준은 1·2학년의 경험적 내러티브 구조의 발달 수준(평균 5.39 /SD=1.743)보다 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 학년이 올라갈수록 점차 늘어나는 학습량을 일정한 수업 시간 내에 다루어야 하기에 좀 더 교사 중심적인 수업이 되는 것과 관련이 있다고 해석할 수 있다. 즉, 5·6학년 학생들은 진정한 자기표현이 기회 대신에 자신의 경험과 멀어지는 추상적인 학습 내용에 집중하게 되어 오히려 1·2학 년의 경험적 내러티브 구조 발달 수준보다 낮은 수준을 보였다. Purpose of this study is analyzing personal narrative discourse of elementary fifth and sixth graders and seeking educative implication by interpreting quantitative and qualitative side. To achieve purpose of this study, researcher considers personal narrative’s meaning on aspect of elementary education, Korean language education and character education. Researcher also analyzes 104 narrative discourses generated from elementary fifth and sixth graders of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu. The analysis shows that at presenting context in class, the average speaking time of the learner’s personal narrative is 36.87 seconds and the average number of the stories per one narrative is 1.9. It also includes 2.34 sentences and 4.26 C-units on average. And the level of development of personal narrative structure is 3.84(SD = 1.791) on average. Researcher compares the fifth and sixth grader’s personal narrative discourse with the first and second grader’s analyzed by Seo, Hyun-Seok et al(2013). First of all, in the fifth and sixth grader’s personal narrative, more modes of telling with additive relation are detected. This is rather far from telling of skillful narrator that constructs narrative by expressing causal relation efficiently. Secondly, the fifth and sixth learner’s level of development of personal narrative structure is analyzed lower than the first and second learner’s(5.39 on average /SD=1.743). This result shows that the higher grade students move, the more teacher-centered class is. Because more quantity of learning must be treated in fixed class hour. In other words, the fifth and sixth students concentrate abstract learning contents instead of true self-expression. This rather influences the result that the fifth and sixth learner’s level of personal narrative fulfillment is lower than the first and second learner``s.

Selenium 공급방법이 수경재배 토마토의 생장과 Se 흡수에 미치는 영향

이철규(Cheol-Kyu Lee),조경철(Kyung-Cheol Cho),이정현(Jeong-Hyun Lee),조자용(Ja-Yong Cho),서범석(Beom-Seok Seo),양원모(Won-Mo Yang) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2005 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.14 No.4

토마토 ‘모모타로’를 공시하여 셀레늄 10㎎ㆍL?¹의 관주 및 엽면시비 등의 단용 및 혼용처리가 수경재배 토마토의 생육 및 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 토마토 종자를 50공 트레이에 파종하여 70일 동안 육묘한 후 유묘를 코코피트 슬라이브를 이용한 수경재배 시스템에 정식하였다. 양액은 일본원예시험장 배양액 표준처방으로 조성하였으며, pH 5.8~6.2와 EC 2.3 ㎎ㆍL?¹ 등으로 조절하여 공급하였다. 셀레늄은 무기태 SeO₂와 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 10 ㎎ㆍL?¹으로 조성하여 관주, 엽면시비, 관주와 엽면시비를 병행하여 처리하였다. 초장, 엽수, 엽면적 및 엽록소 등의 토마토 생장반응은 셀레늄의 엽면시비, 그리고 엽면시비와 관주를 병행한 처리구에서 현저히 증가하였다. 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량은 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 엽면시비와 관주를 병행하여 처리한 경우에 0.302 ㎎ㆍL?¹으로 가장 높았다. 무기태와 유기태 셀레늄의 엽면시비와 관주 등의 단용 처리 보다는 혼용 처리가 전반적인 과실 생장과 체내 셀레늄 축적에 효과적이었다. 무기태 설레늄(SeO₂) 보다는 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화한 유기태 셀레늄 처리가 셀레늄을 함유한 기능성 토마토의 수경재배에 더 효과적이었다. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of supplying methods of selenium on the growth and Se uptake of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Tomato seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Momotaro T-93, Daki Seed Co.) were sown in plug tray with fifty holes, and raised for sixty days. Tomato seedlings transplanted to coco fiber slabs were supplied with the nutrient solutions adjusted to EC 2.3 dSㆍm?¹ and pH 5.8~6.2 recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Selenium forms used were inorganic SeO₂ (here in after referred to Se) and organic selenium chelated with sugar fatty acid ester (here in after referred to chelated-Se). 10 ppm selenium solutions were treated to tomato plants with foliar applications, drenching, and foliar application plus drenching. Growth characteristics in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly increased in the plot of foliar application of Se, and in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se than other plots, respectively. Transported contents of selenium into the tomato fruits were highest as 0.302 ppm in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se. Also, it had tended to be higher in the plot of foliar application plus drenching than in the plots of foliar application or drenching in both of Se and chelated-Se. Foliar application and drenching of organic chelated-Se were effective to produce the functional tomato fruits.

서초동(서울시 서초구)의 거미상

김주필(Joo Pil Kim),정혜리(Hye ri Jeong),김대희(Dae Hee Kim),박동우(Dong Woo Park),서재웅(Jae Woong Seo),이현우(Hyun woo Lee) 한국거미연구소 2017 한국거미 Vol.33 No.1

2016년 3월 31일부터 7월 31일까지 서울특별시 서초구 서초동에 위치한 서울고등학교 교정 일대를 서울고등학교 환경생물부 부원들이 채집 조사한 결과 20과 43속 53종의 거미가 조사 연구되어 이에 보고하는 바이다. From March 31st to July 31st in 2016, members of an environmental biology club at Seoul High School located in Seocho-gu, Seoul, Dae-Hee Kim, Dong-Woo Park, Jae-Woong Seo and Hyun-woo Lee, collected 20 families 43 genera 53 species of spiders and report the result of the study here.

제주 벤쳐기업의 경영특성 분석

서현진,현명택 제주대학교 경상대학 경영경제연구소 2000 경영경제연구 Vol.2 No.-

정신장애인의 취업경험에 관한 연구

이서현, 김경호 건국대학교 사회정책연구소 2012 사회과학연구 Vol.26 No.-

...

만성경부통증 환자에 대한 근막이완술과 경피신경 전기자극 치료가 치료기간에 따라 관절가동범위와 통증에 미치는 영향

서현규,공원태,이상용 대한정형도수치료학회 2005 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is compare the effects of two therapeutic processes-ⅰ) conservative Myofacial Release Technique along and ⅱ) Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimuliation alone - on the increase in the range of motion(ROM) and on the decrease in patient's pain with chronic Neck pain. The subjects of the study were student with choronic neck pain in Daegu health university. Half of them (10) took conservative Myofacial Release Technique along and the others (10) took Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimuliation alone.I used 3D Motion analysis. The range of motion (ROM) in six areas-flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, right rotation-to check the effectiveness of the two combinations of methods, measured pain with visual analogue scale (VAS) to see the effect on pain reduce. Assement was conducted to the groups before the treatment began and affer the four weeks treatment ended. This study shows that both groups demonstrated significant improvement in ROM increase and pain reduction. Flexion ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Extension ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 2 weeks. Right rotation ROM was no significant differences were found in MFR and TENS after treatment all weeks. Right lateral flexion ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 3 weeks. Left lateral flexion ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 1 weeks. But the others no significant differences were in MFR group and TENS group during 4 weeks.

비목별 분포 분석을 통한 공사비 투입 곡선 예측 모델

서장원,손보식,이현수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

Recently, feasibility study in Korean construction industry becomes important with the increasing development projects. Especially, economical efficiency study of feasibility study is an important step that decides feasibility, and accurate cash flow analysis is needed in this step. However, in Korean construction industry, research about this field is poor. In most construction company, they use total cost by informal calculation and cost distribution method using standard normal distribution, but this method has a low accuracy. In this study, we found weaknesses of existing methodology through literature review and case-study of 23 projects that carried by a large construction company of korea during recent 7 years. Also, we propose a forecasting model of cost flow curve using triangular distribution and investment curve classified by items of expenditure.

백금박막 RTD를 이용한 유속센서의 제조와 그 동작특성

서현미,장경훈,김영진,설철규 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

A flow sensor for detecting the flow rate of a air, composing a substrate, a heating element, and one or two fluid temperature sensing elements disposed symmetrically around the heating element. Wherein resistence changes by a fluid temperature change and heating element is maintained at fixed level by the control of voltage that is applied to the heating element. The function of the heating element(microheater) is based on the self-heating effect of the resistor when current is applied to it. A airflow sensor is capable of accuritely measuring a air flow irrespective of changes in ambient temperature. Pt thin films were deposited by a DC magnetron sputtering with Ar/O_(2) gas mixtures. Due to the oxygen incorporation into the Pt films, deposition rate and resistivity of as-deposited Pt thin films increased with oxygen fraction in the sputtering gas.