忠州市 主幹線 道路邊 建築外部色彩에 關한 硏究

崔生吉,孫泰鎭,柳顯紀,辛同寅,梁富弘,尹勝照,朴碩鉉 忠州大學校 1998 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

In order to understand the influence of colours on the urban design of a city, a portion of the central Chung-Ju was chosen as the study area, and three cases were researched as colours. These surveyed colours are analysed in their hue, value and chroma. It was necessary to determine the colours of 272 buildings exterior in all in order formulate the findings presented in this study. The result of this study can be briefly summerised as the following ; 1) The trends in the use of colour turn out like this ; 55.3% of the building were Y(yellow), YR(yellow-green), R(red) Family in Hue, abour 33.9% of them were within 8.0-8.9 and 26.6% were within 7.0-7.9 on the value scale, and about 48.5% of them were within 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9 and 3.0-3.9 on the chroma scale. 1) For case 1 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 57.8% were Y and YR family in Hue, about 53.7% were 8.0-8.9 and 7.0-7.9 in Value, and about 49.6% of them were within 1.0-3.9 in chroma. 2) For case 2 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 52.4% were Y and R family in Hue, about 65.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 46% were 1.0-2.9 in Chroma. 3) For case 3 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 55.7% were Y and YR Family in Hue, about 72.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 31.1% were 2.0-2.9 in Chroma. In summary, the colours of the building surveyed in central Chung-Ju can be characerized as Y, YR, R, N family in Hue, 7.0-7.9, 8.0-8.9 in Value registered in 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9 in Chroma. The observed exterior colours show a tendency toward Yellow in Hue, High in Value and low in Chroma. Generally, the majority of the colours is light rather than strong in tone.

중국 이동전화단말기업계 당향과 국내업체 진출현황

현인규,손원민 순천향대학교 사회과학연구소 2004 순천향 사회과학연구 Vol.9 No.2

Since the 1990s, the electronics industry has experienced a rapid crossover from analogue to digital technologies. Digital wireless telecom was first introduced in Europe in 1992, and has rapidly replaced its analogue predecessor. Digitalization greatly improved the quality of telecom services, and the standardization enabled mass production of handsets. As a result, the number of mobile telecom subscribers in the world has skyrocketed 500 thousand in 1992 to 1.1 billion at end of 2002. Korea also witnessed a surge in subscribers from 40 thousand to 32 million during the same period. China has the largest number of mobile phone-users in the world. and Foreign Firms are localizing their products in China as they strive for as greater share of the world's largest mobile phone market. Sooner or later China's phone market will face oversupply. The over production will lead to a price war and push many companies out of the market altogether. This paper will suggest entry strateiges to China's mobile handset market. The large companies, for example Samsung and LG, have to choose the skimming pricing policy through developing new high-tech products. It is important that the medium and small companies have a price competition through the alliance with excellent domestic parts production firms. World mobile phone market has been rapidly growing due largely to the increase of mobile phone users and the revolution of communication technology. However, in 2001, the economic recession of the United States, the largest importer of mobile phone, with the slow down of world IT industry and the postponement of 3G services has happened and they caused the shrinking of the market and the fall of growth rate. During the last several years, South Korea's export of mobile phone has been remarkably growing and become its seond largest export item ahead automobile. In particular, China, which is South Korea's strong competitor in this sector, now has the largest mobile phone users in the world and marks the highest growth in mobile phone services. Moreover, it is the largest producer of mobile phone in the world. In this sense, China has a Janus faced aspect. It is our export market as well as our production base of mobile phone. On the other hand, our mobile phone producers have to compete vehemently with Chinese local mobile phone producers. The importance of Chinese market has been increasingly growing and since 2003 china has become the largest export market. Among the export items to china, telecom equipments amounts to 17 percent of the total export. In particular, due largely to the abolition of subsidy applied to mobile phone in the Korean domestic market and the decrease of new mobile phone subscribers, Korean mobile phone makers step up their efforts to export to China. However, recently, some 67 percent of Chinese market has been occupied by its local mobile phone makers, which have done business very aggresively. The Chinese government also has supported its local producers, giving them a lot of incentives. This leads to a fierce fighting between Korean mobile phone producers who try to keep the market and Chinese local producers who have strong marketing capabilities. In order for our mobile phone producers to succeed continuously in Chinese market, we have to deeply consider two things. One is that we have to consider the scale of company. For instance, big companies like Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics have to focus on the development of new items, especially expensive ones. In particular, Samsung has to prepare for the lineup for GSM phone and increase its brend power. It has to transform from cheap and reasonable market to expensive market. Moreover, it has to jump on the new market of network equipments. Small and medium companies have to focus on acquiring price competitiveness. In addition to this, they have to cooperate with Korean local part makers and produce reasonable price items with good quality.

인간안보와 한국 외교

현인택,김성한 고려대학교 일민국제관계연구원 2001 국제관계연구 Vol.5 No.1

Many countries have derived enormous economic benefits from the end of the Cold War. Yet, the income gap between the industrialized and developing worlds has continued to widen. This trend has been compounded in some countries by internal conflict and state failure. At the same time, new security threats have emerged, including an increase in transnational crime and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Armed conflict has taken on a different shape and is often rooted in religious or ethnic discord. Growing international recognition of human cost of conflict, in addition to other post-Cold War developments, has led the international community to reexamine the whole concept of security. This evolution in the perception of international security has resulted in a new concept of "human security." Human security recognizes that democratic development, human rights and fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, good governance, sustainable development and social equity are as important to global peace as are arms control and disarmament. Various issue areas in human security emerged as paramount as the economic crisis in Asia came to dominate Asia during the last years of the twentieth century. They include political and socio-economic insecurity; intra-state ethnic conflict and involuntary migration; drug-trafficking and transnational crime; environmental degradation; and the transfer of small arms and light weapons. Human security encompasses a wide array of complex issues that are interconnected with each other and thus demand knowledge and information for policy-makers to identify their state interests and recognize the latitude of actions deemed appropriate in specific issue-areas of human security. Thus, an international epistemic community needs to be formed with Korea's initiative to deal with newly emerging human security issues in the Asia-Pacific. If epistemic communities on human security help define the self-interests of a state, then, a coalition among the like-minded countries can be built. At this stage, government officials will try to make issue-based coalitions with other countries to establish allies in many fields of human security. Here, Korea can find some rooms for international cooperation depending on issues. Rapid information exchange could be used to strengthen such activities as addressing human rights abuses or international crime, areas where the rapid exchange of information across borders is essential. The strategy could also play a role in helping to establish free media and counter hate propaganda, and so bolster democracy and reduce likelihood of conflict in bolster democracy and reduce the troubled regions. Tackling the problem of food security is another area which could benefit from enhanced information networks as experts and information sources could be assessed quickly, facilitating the delivery of advice and knowledge. One of the stated aims of the first meeting of the ARF in 1994 was "the enhancement of political and security cooperation within the region as a means of ensuring a lasting peace, stability and prosperity for the region and its peoples." However, the financial crisis in Asia has proven that regional security arrangements are not well organised to handle a prolonged socio-economic shock. The imminent task the ARF faces is to prevent the socioeconomic effects of the financial crisis of Asia from developing into threats to human security. The ARF should identify the risks to security arising from economic, social and environmental problems and discuss their causes and potential consequences. Human security, most of all, is rooted upon protection of human rights, Human rights and regional security issues are inextricably linked. The security of nation states begins with the security of civil society of which they are composed. The security problems that beset the region-notably in Cambodia, North Korea, East Timor, and Myanmar-are the projected shadow of human rights violations. Conflicts cannot be resolved, confidence cannot be built and multilateral cooperation cannot be strengthened unless regional security issues are addressed at their root cause - violations of human rights. Thus, the violation of human rights needs to be prevented. The concepts of "human security" and "global governance" can raise perplexing questions. Whereas human security is concerned primarily with individual welfare conditions, global governance focuses on generalized rules of international regimes. To juxtapose these two concepts into a single thematic sweep may be considered too ambitious at best, or foolhardy at worst. But we are at a critical juncture in human history in which the forces of globalization can tip us toward either more human forms of governance or growing global gaps that will turn the world into islands of riches in oceans of structural poverty, resentment, and violence. Globalization of the world economy and society is increasingly calling for a broader consideration of security to include such humans rights as political, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental security. The opening of a new century has always served as a symbolic turning point in the history of human civilization. When cooperation is accumulated at the regional level, this will contribute to getting closer to global governance. The Asia-Pacific region is at a historical juncture between the roads to self-destruction and self-renewal. Even if the region has been hit by the financial crisis, it will have renewed opportunity of another take-off when it deals effectively with the root causes and effects of the financial crisis. This is the mission of the epistemic community on human security, which will determine the guiding principles of human security and promote regional cooperation through multilateral organizations in a future-oriented manner.

In_0.5(Ga_1-xAl_x)_0.5P/GaAs 이중 이종접합 구조의 Contactless Electroreflectance에 관한 연구

김정화,조현준,배인호,Kim, Jeong-Hwa,Jo, Hyun-Jun,Bae, In-Ho 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.2

Metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD)법으로 성장된 $In_{0.5}(Ga_{1-x}Al_x)_{0.5}P$/GaAs 이중 이종접합 구조의 특성을 contactless electroreflectance (CER) 분광법으로 조사하였다. CER 측정은 변조전압($V_{ac}$), 온도 및 dc 바이어스 전압($V_{bias}$)의 함수로 수행하였다. 상온에서는 5개의 신호가 관측되었는데, 이 신호들은 각각 GaAs, $In_{0.5}Ga_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.73}Al_{0.27})_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.5}Al_{0.5})_{0.5}P$ 및 $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.2}Al_{0.8})_{0.5}P$ 전이에 관련된 것이다. CER 스펙트럼의 온도 의존성으로부터 Varshni 계수 및 평탄인 자를 구하였다. 그리고 인가전압에 따른 신호의 진폭은 순방향 바이어스 전압 인가시 점차로 감소하나, 역방향 바이어스 전압 인가시에는 반대의 경향을 보였다. We have investigated the contactless electroreflectance (CER) properties of $In_{0.5}(Ga_{1-x}Al_x)_{0.5}P$/GaAs double heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The CER measurements on the sample were studied as a function of temperature, modulation voltage ($V_{ac}$), and dc bias voltage ($V_{bias}$). Five signals observed at room temperature are related to the GaAs, $In_{0.5}Ga_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.73}Al_{0.27})_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.5}Al_{0.5})_{0.5}P$, and $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.2}Al_{0.8})_{0.5}P$ transitions, respectively. From the temperature dependence of CER spectrum, the Varshni coefficients and broadening parameters were determined and discussed. In addition, we found that the behavior of the CER amplitude for the reverse bias is larger than that of the forward.

내경동맥 지배 영역의 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자에서 초 선택적 국소적 Urokinase주입술

김인규,김명규,김재규,조기현,김세종 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

한국산 꿩 정세관 상피와 Testosterone, LH 및 FSH 혈청농도의 계절적 변화에 관한연구

양홍현,김인식,이영훈,백영기 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.3

In₆S₇ nanoparticle-embedded and sulfur and nitrogen co-doped microporous carbons derived from In(tdc)₂ metal-organic framework

Choi, In-Hwan,Jang, So-Young,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Huh, Seong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Dalton Transactions Vol.47 No.4

<P>Indium sulfide nanoparticle (NP)-embedded microporous carbons co-doped with S- and N-dopants are easily prepared by a direct carbonization of the as-prepared In(iii)-based metal-organic framework (In-MOF), [Et2NH2][In(tdc)2]·DEF, containing ditopic S-containing 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate (tdc<SUP>2−</SUP>) bridging linkers as a potential source of S-dopant. The charge on the anionic framework of [In(tdc)2]<SUP>−</SUP> is balanced by Et2NH2<SUP>+</SUP>, which is also a potential N-dopant. Simultaneous embedding of In-based NPs, S-, and N-co-doping is achieved in a simple single step carbonization of In-MOF. Three porous carbon materials (PCMs), PCM-700, PCM-800, and PCM-900, are obtained from the carbonization of In-MOF at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The gas sorption analysis indicates them as good CO2 sorbents. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by PCMs under visible light irradiation is also effectively operable owing to the photocatalytically active semiconducting indium sulfide NP with a small bandgap. The main component of indium sulfide NPs is revealed as In6S7 based on the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Small amounts of metallic In and In2S3 are also observed. The specific capacitances of PCMs are also estimated from the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves. PCM-900 exhibits the highest gravimetric specific capacitance of 99.0 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 0.05 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>

사회적 네트워크 유형 별 내향 중심성이 직무 스트레스에 미치는 차별적 영향

신인용(In Yoing Shin),이기현(Ki Hyun Lee),오홍석(Hong Seok Oh) 한국경영학회 2013 經營學硏究 Vol.42 No.4

As interdependent tasks have been increasing and the necessity of smooth communication among employees has been emphasized in organizations, scholars and practitioners are interested in the effects of social support from social relationships on job stress. Drawing on a social network perspective, we examined that social ties among organizational members influenced the level of job stress which they experience. We especially expected that the types of social networks in which employees were embedded (task-advice networks, friendship networks, and negative affect networks) were respectively linked to the provision, reception, and absence of social support, which in turn led to differently affecting individual job stress. According to the results of this study based on the survey data from employees in two organizations, the persons who occupied in-degree centrality in friendship networks were more likely to receive social support from the other employees and then their levels of job stress reduced, whereas the employees who were located in in-degree centrality in negative affect networks were less likely to receive social support from the other members, resulting in increasing the level of job stress they experienced. In addition, we hypothesized the U-shaped relationship between in-degree centrality in task-advice networks and individual job stress. In other words, we anticipated that the central persons in task-advice networks to the certain level tended to experience lower levels of job stress by the increased sense of control and self-esteem about themselves, and beyond the optimum level they were likely to experience higher levels of job stress because they were excessively granted the role of providing social support to the others. However, this hypothesis was not supported. This study suggests that the extent of centrality by the types of social networks differently influences the levels of job stress which organizational membersexperience.

제주도내 농어민의 건강상태와 보건의료기관의 이용실태에 관한 조사연구

玄仁淑 제주한라대학 1992 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This investigation analyzes the health conditions and the existence of diseases, and grasps the actual use of medical institutions of farmers and fishermen in Cheju-do, aiming to provide the basic data for the spread of medical instituitions and for the medical service of good quality. The object people of this investigation are the redents over twenty who live in the farming and fishing villages of Cheju-do. The total number of the object people is 2, 400 in 48 villages, among whom 2, 238 people have been chosen for data. The means of this investigation is a question-paper made by pre-investigation. In order to give confidence and to get stright answers, the writer has measured blood pressure and glycosuria value. The gathered data has been processed with the frequency average, standard deviation, Chi-squre test and Anova by spss/pc^(+) The results of this investigaition are as follows. 1) General Characteristics of the Subject People The average age of the object residents is 42.6 and considering the distribution of sex, the male come to 44.9%(1024 people) and the female 55.1%(1258 people). Accoring to the investigation, 616 people live in Cheju city, 547 people in the north Cheju county and 545 people in the south Cheju county. Thirst nine point nine percent of the people and 14.45 percent of the people surpass college graduates in sholarly attainments, which shows that the level of scholarly attainments is improving in the villages. The people engaging in agricuture come to 45.9% and 16.0% engagein fisheries. The average total income amount to 784, 200 won per month and average family number is 4. The people who join the communuty medical insurance come to 58.6%, Twenty five point two percent join the workers' medical insurance, 10.9% join the officials and teachers' medical insurance and 3.5% are medical beneficiaries. 2) Health Conditions and Existence of Diseases. The writer has measured "Self-assessed health", and set it into a 5-point scale where quite good health is marked "5 point" and quite had health is marked "1 point". As a result, the health conditions have turned out to be comparatively good judging from the average point "3.3". Considering the existence of deseases, the people who are sill now come ro 24.6% and the most frequant diseases are the nervous-sensory organ one (33.7%), the muscular-skeletal one (18.9%). The average length of hospitaligation is 20.52 days and the most numerous diseases which led to hospitalization are the digestive system one (30.0%), and the muscleskeletalone (12. 1%). 3) Utilization of Medical Institutions and It's Frequency The most important standard of utilizing a medical institution is the symptoms of disease (60. 5%) and the most preferable medical institution is a hospital. During the last months (after the year 1992), according to the utilize a pharmacy (2. 1 times) and a hospital (1.26 times). The residents in a county utilize a pharmacy (1.92 times), those in a subcounty also utilize a pharmacy (2. 03 times) and the residents in a village where there's a hospital utilize it (1. 53 times). 4) Degree of Perceptions of the Public Health Center and Its Utilization With regard to the degree of perceptions of health conter, this investigation has maxed "knowing-case" 2 point and "not-knowing-case" 1 point. Among the works of a public healthe center, the most popularly recongnized work is vaccination (1.69). The average marks about the eight works take 12.88 from the full marks 16. The most utilized work in a public health center is vaccination (47.4% of all), and in a health branch office and a health medical office it is general medical service. 5) The Case of Using the 3rd Medical Facilities in Other Regions The percentage of using the 3rd medical facilities except Cheju is 16.5%. Its concrete cases are as follows the diseases of nevous-sensory organ(24.5%). The use of the facilities is due to more special midical treatment (41.5%), the advice of the 1st and 2nd medical facilities(25.7%), and lacks of equirments of medical facilities within Cheju (18.0%).

흰쥐에서 에스트로젠 결핍이 하악골 골밀도에 미치는 영향

김기현,신상훈,김욱규,박봉수,정인교 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.2

The relationship between systemic bone loss(osteopenia) and loss of oral bone has been of considerable recent interest. In dentistry, some investigators have studied using human subjects, but no firm conclusion due to many obstacles have yet been obtained. From these obstacles in the assessment of human subjects, the significance of investigations with overiectomized rats has been proposed recently. Also, in ovariectomized rats, quantitative data on changes in the alveolar bone of mandible and basal bone of mandible using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) were far fewer. The purposes of this study were to certify systemic estrogen deficiency-induced osteopenia by biochemical markers(serum osteocalcin(OC) & urinary deoxypyridinoline(DPD)) and bone mimeral density(BMD) of femur by DEXA and examine changes in BMD of the rat mandible by DEXA with 24-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty eight rats were used in this study and twenty four rats were ovariectomized bilaterally(OVX) to induce systemic osteopenia and remainders were subjected to sham surgery(Sham). The experimental rats were killed at different time interval(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th and 16th week) for histologic examination, biochemistry analysis and BMD measurement. The results obtained from this study were as follows: On histological examination, in mandible, early degeneration of periodontal ligament, early bone resorption in alveolar bone and late bone resorption in basal bone were observed. On biochemical analysis, OC and DPD were observed statistically no significancy to predict systemic osteopenia. On DEXA measurement, in OVX group, we observed statistically significant decrease from 3rd week in distal metaphysis, statistically non-significant decrease from 2nd week in alveolar bone of mandible, and statistically significant decrease at 16th week in total mandible. From these results, it could be stated that systemic osteopenia by ovariectomy was early affected in the trabecular bone of femur and alveolar bone of the mandible whereas the total mandible was affected later.