Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease; subgroup analysis for causes, risk factors for mortality rate, and steroid responsiveness

( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Hye Jin Jang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has known as a poor prognosis disease, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Corticosteroid is widely used for treatment of acute exacerbation (AE)-ILD. This study aims to clarify efficacy of corticosteroid use, and compare the mortality rate depending on the subgroups of ILD. Materials and Methods: We collected the data from the patients who have diagnosed ILD and visited emergency room (ER) with the respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. We classified AE-ILD patients into 3 groups depending on methylprednisolone dose per kilogram. Also, we compared the mortality of IPF patients to that of non-IPF patients. Results: A total case of AE-ILD visited ER from 2016 to 2018 was 209 cases, including IPF cases (n=122) and non-IPF cases (n=87). We divided total patients (n=209) into three groups depending on steroid use, and these include group 1 of 0-0.49 mg/kg (n=78), group 2 of 0.5-0.99 mg/kg (n=58), and above 1.0 mg/kg (n=41), each. We found poor prognosis from the cases of IPF compared to non-IPF cases (p=0.029, OR 2.463). Furthermore, there was significant differences of mortality rate according to steroid dose (p=0.036, OR 1.712), CRP elevation (p=0.016, OR 1.004), and intubated case (p=0.000, OR 8.152). Also, we categorized IPF (n=122) to non-IPF cases (n=87) and analyzed the mortality rate. Most of the patients were death from ILD itself (n=23, 63.9%), Pneumonia(n=8, 22.2%), and Lung cancer (n=5, 13.9%). Bacterial infection (n=26) was dominant cause of AE, followed by fungal infection (n=15), and viral infection (n=10). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of corticosteroid treatment shows more fatal outcome when we use high dose steroid in AE-ILD cases, and there was significant difference in mortality rate depending on the subgroup of ILD and medical background, such as intubation status, higher CRP level, and IPF cases.

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

외음부의 피부병변에서 우연히 발견된 외음부암

유애리,김정식,김태희,이해혁,이권해,남계현 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.1

..

공연예술로서의 굿

이애현 한국무용연구회 2008 한국무용연구 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 현장성, 집단성, 그리고 즉흥적 창조성으로 특징되어지는 우리 전통 문화의 특성들이 오늘날 새로운 공연 예술의 양식으로 재구성되고 재창조되는데 필요한 분석의 틀을 찾고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 따라서 굿을 연구 대상으로 하며 퍼포먼스적 공연의 시각으로 리차드 쉐크너의 이론을 바탕으로 해서 분석하고자 했다. 분석 결과 굿은 3단 구조의 틀을 가지고 있으며 이런 3단 구조는 반게넵의 분리, 전이, 통합의 제의 분석 개념의 적용이 가능하게 하며, 퍼포먼스의 특성인 총체성과 현장성, 개방성, 즉흥성, 유동성, 공동 참여자로서의 관객, 집단성 등이 굿에서도 그대로 찾을 수 있는 특성들인 것으로 나타났다. 또 굿의 진행형식을 리차드 쉐크너의 7단계 분석이론으로 분석한 결과 퍼포먼스적 공연 예술의 범주에 굿의 적용이 가능하다는 결론과 더불어 퍼포먼스와 굿의 공통적 특성을 바탕으로 굿을 자연발생적 공연예술인 내츄럴 퍼포먼스로 정의할 수 있었다. The study was aimed to look the base of analyzing works in order to restructure and newly invent our traditional cultural specialties. The "Gut" was selected for the study from the viewpoint of performance art and investigated analyzed based on the Richard Shakes theory. The study proves that the "Gut" consists of 3 step structure, applicable to Van Gennep`s concept of separation, transfer, assembly abd contains the typical characteristic features of performance arts such as totality, openness, improvisation, field work, unsteadiness, audience as participants. The procedure of `Gut` performance can be analyzed by the 7 step analysis concept of Richard Shake and, therefore, the `Gut` can be categorized as a performance art as a conclusion of the study. Furthermore, the `Gut` could be defined as a natural performance art which has been created by nature, with the bases of its own common characters.

‘한글’ 프로젝트를 통한 유아의 읽기 문식성 변화

박현주, 손은애 대구교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2021 현장중심 초등교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study is to explore the aspect of change in literacy level of preschoolers through project ‘Hangeul’. While the project <Hangeul> was implemented from October 2019 to November 2020 with the research participants, a three-year-old girl and a five-year-old boy, the data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and other references during the course of the project, and was analyzed and interpreted through a qualitative method regarding the change in literacy level of the preschoolers. The result of this research proved that the learning activities of the project ‘Hangeul’ changed the reading literacy level of the preschoolers. The project ‘Hangeul’ changed the reading behaviour of the preschoolers. Their inner motivation to read was enhanced by experiencing diverse environmental print in their daily surroundings. Also, their ability to read increased from reading a variety of kinds of literature including encyclopedias, comic books, and dictionariy. In conclusion, a positive change in the literacy level, in other words, the reading behaviors of preschoolers could be found through the project ‘Hangeul’. 본 연구의 목적은 유아들의 일상과 놀이의 장면에서 ‘한글’을 주제로 함께 탐색하고 표상하 고 문제를 해결해가는 프로젝트 활동을 통하여 유아의 읽기 문식성 변화가 어떠한지 심층적으 로 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구는 2019년 10월부터 2020년 11월까지 연구자가 만 3세 여아와 만 5세 남아와 함께 '한글' 프로젝트 활동을 실행 및 전개하면서 Spradley의 12단계 참여관찰과 심층 면접을 통해 일상에서 이루어지는 유아들의 놀이와 상호작용을 깊이 있게 관찰 및 기록 함으로써 다양한 자료를 수집하여 유아의 읽기 문식성 변화를 중심으로 분석하고 해석하였다. 연구 결과, 유아들은 ‘한글’ 프로젝트를 통하여 일상의 주변 환경에서 다양한 환경 인쇄물을 경 험함으로써 읽기에 대한 내적 동기가 향상되었으며, 이러한 유아의 내적 동기를 따라 백과사 전, 만화책, 국어사전 등 다양한 종류와 장르의 책들을 찾아보며 함께 대화를 나누고, 책 읽기 에 대한 즐거운 경험을 통해 유아의 읽기 능력이 향상되었다.

不安槪念의 硏究 : 現代의 不安을 中心으로 Anxiety Centres of Modern

李愛賢 慶北大學校 1971 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This study suggests a view that anxiety in itself should be a kernel subject in modern life, not as heretofore anxiety has been diverted to one of oblivion, illusion or morbid situation of the standpoint of clics and pathology. A method to acheive the above suggestion is to study contemporary anxiety and to analyze the depraved back circumstance derived from the general concept of anxiety. Some probles what happen between psychological contemplation and physiological operation are pointed out here. Then pluralistic character of anxiety is described from the working relatives with anxiety in up-to-date society. The points of the study is summarized as follows. As the words 'pernament existence of anxiety' suggest human-beings are to coexist with anxiety. Moreover, in the present age which is called space age, the scientific and technological development reached the semmit, waking us out of our dreams in the old days and leading us into reality. Here we could see how far the human potentiality could extend. Nevertheless, such developments cannot simply be considered The people in present age, however, are still more anxious to make a comprehensive developments themselves as ever. Therefore, anxiety should justly be taken as the main subject on the mentality in the present age. Accordingly it might be said the present age is the 'age of anxiety' The term pr`esent being possibly applied to every age, and the anxiety itself coexisting with human being, the title 'the Anxiety in the Present age' is to be regarded as a fatal subject levied upon human beings. As it was commented on the causes of the anxiety in the main subject of the thesis, it should be mentioned that there are many variables in the cause of anxiety. Following illustrations could be taken in that point; the thoughts on ethics of Spinoza that through the individual pursuit of the reason, one can reach the harmonization with the general reasoning, and the Monad theory of Leibniz are of optimism in the reason. According to Spinoza, both of the hope and fear are human sceptic characteristics and he asserted that human fear is the suffering with uncertainty and hope, the human pleasure with uncertainty, maintaining that fear arises in people with weak hearts and, therefore, it will disappear with the confidence on the reason. Goldstein calls the subjective experience gained when and organic body faced the destructive situation 'the catastrophic reaction', and he says that anxiety is the movement of mind against non-objectivity, and that with the gradual increase of anxeity, the objects and the contents therie of are to diminish. He also said that anxiety attacks from back or from all the directions. As to the fear, the object taking a certain space. So it can be avoided but anxiety, complicating not only the recognition of oneself but also shaking the objective recognition of the situation, is experienced with the self resolution or the dissolution of personality. He also says that therfore it is not that human beings take the anxiety but that they are themselves the anxiety itself. It follows that the only ability to endure and overcome this anxiety enable the self-realization and the control of the environment. Otto, Rank who, based on individuation, established the concept of anxiety, said that the undifferentiated worries every body is born to bear are the anxiety which varies in degree according to each individual and which, in an objective state, becomes 'fear' The anxiety is explained by Mowrer as a conditionalized reflection arosed in an organic body in anticipation of the danger recognized by the signal. Emphsizing upon the central significance in the mutual relation between anxiety and hostility, Horney, says through his concept on fundamental anxiety that, anxiety comes out of the fearful felling of and the hostility against, as well as the isolation from the destruction of the human relationship. On the other hand, there are some scholars according to whom, the nervous anxiety is, regarded same as infant anxiety. According to Horney, hyman beings are helpless from birth and cannot survive without protection of the parents. And he said that the experience that human beings gain when he as an infant without ability to maintain the safety and stability of the body as well as of mind, comes of his parents protection to exist alone in this world becomes the source of the basic anxiety. As a matter of fact it is question whether a circumstance in which, even as an adult, one can secure his safety and stability is feasible in this age of hard struggle for existence. Indeed, anxiety appears in many complicated and diversified forms. As stated above, anxiety is our main subject in life but, it might be better termed that not the anxiety itself. The none existence of anxiety becomes the causes of deseas in thepresent age, while it seems that there is more significance in the modern way of living trying to get rid of the anxiety. In conclusion, there has been no age without anxiety and it shoud be marked as the eccentric subject of life even in this present age we live in.

효과적인 우유 섭취지침에 관한 연구

신현아;이애정;이지선;우혜임;조아라;채유진;엄애선 한양대학교 2010 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.30 No.1

Over the past decade, there has been growing scientific evidence that dietary milk plays a role in beneficial effects for human health. Milk provides a number of good ingredients, in particular with growth factors and different types of proteins such as α -lactalbumin and β-casein. As well as essential amino acids of leucine and isoleucine are make to a positive way of human physical conditions. Therefore, those ingredients are directly involved in the human body, fluid composition and involved in metabolism of protein or carbohydrate. In addition, the development of physical strength and bone health associated with milk consumption. Thus, milk is one of good food for prevention of osteoporosis. Nowadays, several dietary guidelines suggest that people should intake two or three cups of dairy products including milk a day. However, some people cannot drink milk because they appear many adverse effects with regard to intake of milk like allergic reactions, lactose intolerance and weight gain problem. Consequently, it is worthy to discuss about these matters. Person pose the health problems regarding milk consumption should select dairy products carefully. Milk substitutes such as partially-hydrolyzed formula, yogurt, cheese and non- and low-fat dairy products are suggested. They prevent the allergy and lactose intolerance due to lactase in fermented milk digesting the lactose into glucose and galactose. Taking all of these into account, milk consumption is very important to maintain the human health. Although there are several adverse effects with regard to milk consumption, it would not be shown any health problem only if it follows the milk dietary guidelines. Therefore, a milk drinking should be actively encouraged for the public health.

사회무용 활성화 방안에 관한 연구 : 문화 센터 한국무용를 중심으로

이애현 한국유산소운동과학회 2003 한국유산소운동과학회지 Vol.7 No.1

In Korea, most major cities are now providing many Korean Dance classes for the public at the "Cultural Center" and their number of Korean Dance classes are very rapidly increasing. The Korean Dance classes are now considered as major part in most Cultural Centers. The growth of cultural centers are the outcome of the increased income with mre leisure time through the rapid industralization. More income and spare time made people more and more interested in the qualities of their lives. Because of this reason, the need for the Social Education resulted many Cultural Centers under the spirit of Life-long Education. In this study, a survey with questions has been performed for lecturers, students, and the class managers involved in operating the Korean Dance Classes. The corporation of the three parties are the most important factors to improve the Korean Dance Classes of the Cultural Centers. The survey shows that the lecturers and the class managers do not seem to understand their students well enough to prevent sudden drop from the classes, Because the sudden drop of the students from classes is the most critical concerns for both the lecturers and the class managers, more detailed mnitoring and consideration are required to nuke better classes. With the close corporation of the three parties the Korean Dance Classes of the Cultural Centers will be really prospered, and the Korean Dance would become a real part of the lives of the students and the "Dance for All" like the spirit of the "sports for all".

비타민 E와 알츠하이머병

서애리,이현숙,김영순 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2000 保健科學論集 Vol.26 No.1

Cognitive decline is perceived to be a characteristic of the aging process, and is profoundly manifested in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Aizheimer's Disease(AD). The pathologic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are complex and not completely understood, but a contributing factor is believed to be oxidative stress. The brain has a high metabolic requirement for oxygen and a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and therefore is prone to lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation leads to the production of free radicals that may attack and irreversibly damage neural tissue, thus contributing directly or synergistically to neurodegenerative process. Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress may be associated with the onset and progression of AD. Antioxident therapies are being promoted in the lay press to enhance mental functions and delay cognitive losses with aging. This paper summarizes the oxidative stress hypothesis of AD and reviews the strengths and limitations of published antioxidant studies in AD in relation to the role of such therapies in practice.

시민권의 성별화와 복지정책

류애현 천안대학교 2002 천안외국어대학논문집 Vol.- No.2

Idealistic welfare state, so far, has meant a state which allows people with lots of benefits and opportunities only on the basis of citizenship. However, the notion of citizenship, mentioned here, can be approved when people gain their independence through employment. Therefore women who take care of their children and household affairs at home are difficult to get this citizenship because they depend on their husbands for economic reasons. In this point the notion of citizenship has limits to explain about women who are outside the market. The purpose of this article is to analyse gendered citizenship in Korean welfare policies with a gender perspective. For this purpose, the paper focuses around four main social insurance programs and a public assistance program. This study examines feminist arguments on gendered citizenship, reveals cases for gendered citizenship in Korean welfare policies, and suggests the alternatives to ensure a women-friendly citizenship. Revising the existing welfare policies and creating the new welfare policies might be a good starting point in order to solve gendered citizenship. But without changes in the boundary of public-private sphere, market-benefits relations, and more important, changes in citizenship, changes in welfare policies alone can not do much.