2000년대 현대자동차 스피드경영 심층 사례 분석

현영석 ( Young Suk Hyun ),송태복 ( Tae Bock Song ) 한독경상학회 2014 經商論叢 Vol.32 No.4

이 연구는 1967년 창립되어 40여년 만에 세계 5대 자동차 기업으로 급속 성장한 현대기아 자동차를 대상으로 하여 2000년부터 2013년까지의 위기와 대응을 분석한 사례 연구이다. 우선 사례 분석 대상 기간을 2000년부터로 한 것은 현대차가 기아차를 2000년 인수하였고 같은 해에 현대기아차의 새로운 최고경영자가 취임했기 때문이다. 그러나 이 보다 더 중요한 것은 1999년 말 현대차가 IMF 구제금융에 따른 국내경제위기, 미국시장에서 품질문제로 퇴출 위기, 현대그룹 내 현대차 경영권 위기, 중국시장 진출위기 등 다중적인 위기상황을 어떻게 극복하였는가를 집중적으로 분석하기 위해서다. 기아자동차를 인수한 후 현대자동차그룹으로 출범한 현대차는 창업가 정주영회장 아들인 정몽구회장이 경영권을 안정화 시키고, 중국진출, 품질문제 해결, 세계경영 가속화 등에 의해 현대차의 고유한 스피드경영으로 위기를 극복하는 성과를 보여주었다. 이 결과 현대기아차는 2013년 전 세계 시장에 740만대 자동차를 판매하여 세계 5대 자동차 기업으로 크게 발전하였다. 이 논문은 이러한 발전 과정을 토인비의 도전과 응전, 그리고 조동성의 ser(Subject Environment Resource) 메커니즘의 틀로 규명하고자 한다. 2000년대 초 환경변화에서 온 위기를 분석하고 이에 대응하여 좋은 성과를 낸 스피드경영 내용을 살펴 보고자 한다. 그리고 스피드경영의 원천을 경영자의 경영철학과 자원의 관점에서 분석하여 현대자동차 ser 메커니즘을 추적하고 있다. 2000년 이후 현재까지 현대자동차 스피드경영을 원천으로 창업가문 최고경영자의 빠르고 과감한 의사결정과 창업 이후 여러 위기를 돌파하면서 압축 성장과정에서 축적한 조직능력과 현대문화와 같은 무형자산이 중요한 요소임을 보여주고 있다. Hyundai Motor, founded in 1967 as a late entrant to world automobile industry, shows an unusual case of rapid catch-up to be the 5th automaker in the late 2000s. The rapid catch-up of Hyundai motor can be explained as the Toynbee’s “challenge and response” process. This case study aims to analyse the crisis and response of Hyundai Motor in the view of ser(subject, environment, resource)-mechanism theory (Cho, 2006) for 2000 to 2013. The 2000 is so important as the new CEO M.K Chung began to manage Hyundai Motor as well as Hyundai Motor merged Kia Motor in this year. Hyundai Motor has faced diversified crises including severe quality crisis, China crisis, the crisis of managerial control, in addition to economic recession after Korea``s IMF crisis in the late 1990s, but it could overcome these manifolds crises with speed management under new CEO‘s leadership. The new CEO, M.K Chung, elder son of founder of Hyundai Motor, has initiated speedy response to meet the afore mentioned crises which has led the speed management. After merging Kia Motor in 2000, he has devoted all efforts to make out quality problem. Thanks to these life and death efforts, Hyundai Motor has got over the quality crisis to catch up quality level of Toyota in 2004, 2006. This speedy recovery of quality was a critical turning point to recover U.S sales and it also stimulated Hyundai to be more aggressive in globalization in 2000s. The source of “Hyundai speed management“ is rooted in top manager’s entrepreneurial leadership and intangible resource and Hyundai culture, which has been accumulated during the process to meet the crises since its the foundation in 1967. The management mechanism, Hyundai Speed management, appeared under the new CEO’s leadership in 2000s is based on the previous management mechanism. Hyundai’s speed management transformed the crises in late 1990s to opportunity to led the rapid growth in 2000s.

동양문고본 『현수문전』의 서사적 특징과 의미

주형예 洌上古典硏究會 2002 열상고전연구 Vol.15 No.-

Hyun-Su-Moon-Jun is related to the phenomena that public readers appeared in Seoul, 19th Century, who had cultural desire while merchant culture thriving. When we consider it in terms of the history of fiction, hyun-Su-Moon-Jun had its roots in the novel Hyun-Ssi-Yang-Wung-Ssng-Lin-Gi that had complicated and sophisticated epics. Hyun-Su-Moon-Jun recomposed the novel having complicated details in conventional and monotonous ways. This article is what analyzed the narratives of Hyun-Su-Moon-Jun in Toyo Bunko [ ]. In this article, I intended to get the clue of the readers taste and the way of reading of the age by showing characteristices and change that Hyun-Su-Moon-Jun and war-romances shared. Hyun-Su-Moon-Jun in Toyo Bunko is the typical example that hero-narrative turned into conventional public-narrative. We also need to focus on the inward desire of the public as well as the commercial intention in the process in which hero-narrative turned into public-narrative. The hero-narrative of Hyun-Su-Moon-Jun showed popularity [ ] in that it does not have any effort ot take human life and inward in a reconsidering way. The conventional epics like this are to be taken as the outcome that public response and preference and commercial purpose acted mutually. The typical hero-narrative is defined as the process in which a hero admitted to public. The war-narrative part of this work has a different structure from hero-narrative. In war-narrative, one episode faciltated the next episode and the improved ability accumulated in the character. The war-narrative is diiferent from here-narrative in that the narration is very detail, not omitting the disposition of troops[ ] or tactics [ ], the process of battles. In its close, it showed that the character had difficulty in taking choices and that its writer tried to substantiate the character who struggled to be free from convention. In conclusion, Hyun-Slu-Moon-Jun in Toyo Bunko is the work of kitsch. This is followed by the characteristics of the modern public culture. That is, it contains familiar narratives and educational function that help readers to get the universal model of human life. It also reflected the necessity that an individual should face the world. Another important aspect of Hyun-Su-Moon-Jun of which readers were in the similar classes in society is that it showed the readers longing to be free from the old, traditional ideology.

SOON HYUN* (HY?N SUN) AND HIS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF THE KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT: WITH EMPHASIS ON THE KOREAN COMMISSION

ROBERT HYUNG-CHAN KIM 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2009 Acta Koreana Vol.12 No.2

This study, primarily based on the unpublished manuscripts of Soon Hyun, presents a bird’s eye view of his biography with emphasis on three major aspects of his involvement in the overall Korean independence movement. First, it tells the story of how Hyun was involved in planning and executing the March First Independence Movement of 1919 in Korea with leaders from the three religious groups, namely Christianity, Buddhism and Ch’?ndogyo. Second, the study presents Soon Hyun’s activities in preparing for the establishment of the Korean Provisional Government in Exile in Shanghai, China. Particularly, his involvement with An Ch’ang-ho and Yi Tong-hwi, the two towering figures in the provisional government, is presented in detail. Third, his work with the Korean Commission in Washington D.C. that was created by Syngman Rhee, the first president of the provisional government, is told in great detail with emphasis on why he was appointed to succeed Kim Kyu-sik, the first head of the Commission, on what he tried to do in his effort to expand the provisional government’s diplomatic activities in Washington, D.C. and on how and why he was dismissed by Syngman Rhee. In addition, the study presents Soon Hyun as the second Korean minister of Ch?ngdong Methodist Church in Seoul, who expanded the church membership through his dynamic preaching and ceaseless devotion to the church’s development. It also tells the story of his involvement in Korean immigration to Hawaii as an interpreter, who later published his P’owa yuramgi, a record of his observations of Hawaii.

박형규 목사의 삶과 신학 : 길을 열어간 발자취를 따라서

최형묵(Hyung-Mook Choi) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2019 신학사상 Vol.0 No.187

“나의 믿음은 길 위에 있다.” 회고록의 제목처럼, 한국 민주화 운동의 실질적 구심이자 상징인 박형규 목사의 삶과 신학은 과연 길 위에 있었다. 그는 언제나 길을 열어가는 대열의 선두에 있었다. 박형규 목사의 삶을 돌아보면, 굴곡진 한국 현대사에서 정말 절묘하게도 필요한 때 필요한 자리에서 주어진 상황을 돌파해나가는 역할을 맡았다. 1973년 남산 부활절 사건으로 처음 투옥된 이래 여섯 차례에 걸친 투옥, 그리고 감옥행보다 더 고통스러운 노상 예배의 여정은 그가 어떤 의미에서 길을 여는 대열의 선두에 서 있었던가 하는 것을 잘 보여주고 있다. 박형규 목사는 민중 선교의 선구로서, 민중 사건의 유발자로서 민중신학의 원천을 형성하는 역할을 맡았다. 박형규 목사는 사실상 한국 민중신학을 탄생시킨 실질적 주역이었다. 이 논문은 민중신학을 형성한 한 기원으로서 박형규 목사의 삶과 신학을 조명한다. 그의 장쾌한 발걸음이 일궈낸 신학 사상에서 우리는 진정한 민중 해방의 복음이 갖는 역동성을 실감한다. 우리가 그의 신학 사상을 논하는 것은 그 역동성을 오늘의 교회와 삶의 현실에서 되살리고자 하는 데 그 뜻이 있다. “My faith is on the road.” Like the title of his memoirs, the life and theology of Pastor Hyung-Kyu Park, the real center and symbol of the Korean democratization movement, was on the road. He was always at the forefront of the democratic movement. Looking back at Pastor Hyung-Kyu Park’s life, he took on the role of breaking through the given situation in the most necessary time and necessary place in Korea’s twisted modern history. The six experiences of imprisonment since his first imprisonment for the 1973 Namsan Easter Incident and his experience of street-worship show how was a leader. Pastor Hyung-Kyu Park played a role in shaping Minjung theology as a pioneer of people’s mission and as a cause of people’s events. Pastor Hyung-Kyu Park was in fact a real protagonist who gave birth to Korean Minjung theology. This article highlights Pastor Hyung-Kyu Park’s life and theology as a source of Minjung theology. In the theological thought formed in his great steps we realize the dynamism of the gospel of true people’s liberation. Our discussion of his theology is meant to bring that dynamism to life in today’s church and life.

2000년대 현대자동차 다중위기와 혁신

현영석(Young-Suk Hyun),김진호(Jin-Ho Kim) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2016 경영경제연구 Vol.38 No.2

역사가 도전과 응전을 통하여 발전한다면, 기업은 위기라는 도전과 혁신이란 응전을 통해 발전한다. 이 연구에서는 2000년에서 2015년 까지 현대자동차가 2000년 전후에 직면했던 다중위기를 어떻게 극복했는지를 분석하였다. 현대자동차는 2000년을 전후해서 IMF 구제금융에 따른 내수침체 위기, 자동차산업 구조조정 위기, 경영권 위기, 미국시장에서의 품질 위기, 중국진출 위기 등 다섯 가지 절체절명의 위기에 봉착했다. 현대자동차는 이러한 위기를 정몽구회장의 경영권 확보, 기아자동차(주) 인수, 중국 북경현대차 설립, 품질경영 혁신으로 극복하였다. 그 결과 현대자동차는 기아자동차와 더불어 2009년 세계 5대 자동차기업으로 성장하였으며, 2015년 까지 그 위치를 고수하고 있다. 위기를 위험과 기회라면, 현대자동차는 위험이라는 기회를 혁신을 통하여 극복한 좋은 사례이다. 동태적 학습과정을 통한 위기극복 과정에서 축적한 역량은 2010년 이후 현재까지 현대자동차가 발전하는데 큰 원동력이 되었다. 특히 기아자동차와 현대자동차는 2016년 미국시장 신차초기품질평가(IQS)에서 33개 브랜드 중 각각 1위와 3위를 차지함으로써, 2000년 초의 품질위기를 완전히 극복한 것으로 나타나고 있다. If history is developed through challenge and response, firms develop through innovative responses to challenging crises. In this research, we analyzed how Hyundai Motors overcame multiple crises that confronted it from 2000 to 2015. Hyundai Motors faced multiple crises around 2000: a reduction in domestic demand caused by the IMF bailout, a restructuring of the auto industry, disputes between senior management, quality problems in the American market, and the failure of entrance into the Chinese market. Hyundai Motors overcame those crises through Mong-Koo Chung"s securement of management rights, the acquisition of Kia Motors, the founding of Beijing Hyundai Motor Co., and quality management renovation. As a result, Hyundai Motors became one of the world"s top 5 automakers in 2009 and has maintained its position till now. The case of Hyundai Motors is an excellent example of making an opportunity out of a crisis. The driving force behind Hyundai"s development is competence accumulated through dynamic learning processes to overcome various crises. It seems Kia Motors and Hyundai Motors have completely overcome the quality crises they confronted in the 2000s by winning 1st and 3rd place each in the IQS in 2016.

현 진건 연구 : 사회계층적 성격과 세계관

玄吉彦 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1989 韓國學論集 Vol.16 No.-

The family of Hyun Chin-gun, whose ancestors were, for gener- ations, engaged in the expert officials as translators, belonged to the middleclass during the Yi dynasty. And this was the result that they tried to maintain the social status of their family and make it higher under the hierachy of that time. At the enlightened age (late 19c), the members of Hyun's family learned at the foreign language school, the first modern institution of learning, and they worked at the various fields as rising elites. And so, participating actively in the epoch of rapid change, they could belong to the various political groups. Their social positions and activities had the important effects on the formation of Hyun's world-view. That is, by help of the social and political sense, Hyun was able to see through the actual world and recognize the optimistic view of it. He, however, lived the time of colonial situation that didn't allow it him to get such. Therefore, Hyun understood the actual world in the duality of affir- mation/negation, and dreamed of the new world with unity. From this point, Hyun aimed the optimistic romanticism. And it showed him the new vision, through that he could get over the colonial and dark situation. Like this, he sought after the optimistic world-view, but he did not look away the actual world in sufferings. On this, we can see the sincerity of his literature.

논문(論文) : 『동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)』의 형방사백산(荊防瀉白散)에 대한 고찰

신상원 ( Sang Won Shin ),정창현 ( Chang Hyun Jeong ),백유상 ( You Sang Baik ),장우창 ( Woo Chang Jang ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2015 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives : It is told that Hyungbangsabaeksan is important to treat the Soyangin(少陽人) disease in Dongyisusebowon. Though Hyungbangsabaeksan is widely applied in Soyangin(少陽人) disease, it is difficult to understand the meaning of Hyungbangsabaeksan and also hard to use clinically. In this study, We tried to reveal the fundamental meaning of the Hyungbangsabaeksan and the indication of Hyungbangsabaeksan. Methods : We mainly studied diseases in Dongyisusebowon. The use of drug in Soyang disease(少陽病) is relatively difficult. So we firstly reviewed Mang-um disease(亡陰證) that is almost close to the Interior syndrome(裏病) and an Analogous Hak(似학) that is one of the interior syndrome. Based on the understanding of interior syndrome, We tried to understand Hyungbangsabaeksan in the usage of the drug in Soyang disease(少陽病). Results : We found the key point of indication of Hyungbangsabaeksan in Mang-um disease(亡陰證) of Exterior cold syndrome(表寒病) and an Analogous Hak of Interior syndrome. Also based on that, We identified characteristics of Soyang disease(少陽病). Therefore, we inferred that there are significant symptoms in Soyang disease(少陽病) that Hyungbangsabeaksan could be applied. Conclusions : Reviewing the usage of Hyungbangsabeaksan in Mang-um disease(亡陰證) and an Analogous Hak, we found that Interior syndrome is important in indication of Hyungbangsabeaksan. Also we found that Hyungbangsabeaksan is especially applied when irreversible transition of the disease can be predicted. Based on this, We concluded Hyungbangsabeaksan is preventively used in specific Soyang disease(少陽病), of which the machanism of the disease is similar.

석견루(石見樓) 이부현(李復鉉) 시(詩) 연구(硏究)

이현일 ( Hyun Il Lee ) 한국고전문학회 2011 古典文學硏究 Vol.40 No.-

이 논문은 아직까지 학계에 잘 알려지지 않은 시인인 石見樓 李復鉉(1767~1853)을 소개하기 위해 씌여졌다. 이복현은 金려(1766~1821)가 편찬한 『潭庭叢書』 전체를 다룬 朴晙遠의 선구적인 업적에서 처음 언급되었을 뿐, 그 뒤로는 본격적인 연구의 대상으로 주목을 받지 못해 왔다. 제1장에서는 선행 연구를 바탕으로 하면서도 관련 자료를 보강하여 이복현의 가계와 생애를 다시 정리하였다. 행장이나 묘지명과 같은 기본적인 자료들이 아직 발견되지 않아 미흡한 점이 있지만, 주어진 상황에서는 최선을 다하려고 하였다. 제2장에서는 지금 남아 있는 이복현의 시문집에 대한 기초적인 조사를 정리한 것이다. 이복현의 시문집은 (1) 후손에 의해 중국에서 인쇄되어 들여온 『石見樓詩초』, (2) 『潭庭叢書』에 실린 『石見樓雜詠』과 『石見樓詩卷』, (3) 고려대 중앙도서관에 소장된 『石見樓』 17책 등으로 나누어 살펴 볼 수 있으며, 사실 좀더 본격적인 연구를 위해서는 각 이본들을 토대로 定本을 만들고 改作 과정을 추적하는 일이 반드시 필요하다. 제3장에서는 주로 『석견루시초』에 수록된 작품들을 중심으로 그의 시세계의 특징적인 면모를 논하였다. 고시, 절구, 율시의 순서로 대표작이라 판단되는 작품들을 뽑아서 詩體에 따라 살펴보았다. 여기서 살펴본 이복현의 시들은 겉보기에는 평범하고 담담한 듯하지만, 시적 기법의 완숙성이 뒷받침 되지 않으면 나올 수 없는 작품들이며, 분명히 시인 나름의 개성을 포착할 수 있다. 요컨대, 이복현은 한 시대를 대표하는 大家가 되기에는 부족하지만, 名家들의 詩友가 되기에는 충분한 역량을 갖춘 시인이었다고 할 수 있다. 마지막으로 餘論에서는 이 글을 마무리하고 앞으로 연구를 심화시키기 위해 필요한 작업들에 대해서 간략히 논하였다. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the unknown poet, Seokgyeonru(石見樓), Lee Bok Hyun(李復鉉). In the first chapter, we deal his life and history of his family based on the study of early scholars. and then we rearrange them with added materials. Although we cannot discover fully the fundamental materials of his life, we do our best under the present circumstances. In the second chapter, we deal the elementary investigation of Lee Bok hyun`s collected poems. His works are classified into (1) The Selected Poems of Seokgyeonru(『石見樓詩초』) edited by his descendants, (2) Miscellaneous songs of Seokgyeonru(『石見樓雜詠』) and The Poetry of Seokgyeonru(石見樓詩卷) in Damjeongchongseo(『潭庭叢書』), and (3) Seokgyeonru, composed of seventeen books. In order to study deeply, we need to edit authorized version based on these various versions. In the third chapter, we deal his characteristic features of his poetic world in The selected poems of Seokgyeonru. We do survey his representative poems in order of old-style poetries, quatrains, and code verses. At first blush we think his poetries are commonplace and plains, but it soon become obvious that his works are created with excellent poetic techniques. In short he is not the representative poet of his days, but second-best poet of his times. In the last chapter, we deal about the necessary work in order to deepen the study of Lee Bok hyun, the poet.

현대자동차 그룹 조직 능력의 글로벌 운영: 유럽 A 공장의 사례

조형제 ( Jo Hyung-je ),정준호 ( Jeong Jun-ho ) 한국산업노동학회 2017 산업노동연구 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 현대자동차의 유럽 현지공장 A의 조직 능력의 글로벌 운영을 설명하고자 한다. 현대차의 현지공장 조직 능력의 글로벌 운영은 신모델의 대량생산을 위한 비일상적 운영과 공장의 일상적 운영으로 구성된다. 현대차 그룹의 수직적인 거버넌스로 인해 신속하게 유럽 현지공장의 신축과 투자가 단행되었다. 표준제품과 공장 개념은 현대차 조직 능력의 글로벌 운영을 용이하게 했다. 조직 능력의 본사 의존은 유럽 현지공장 A의 신차개발을 위한 비일상적 운영에서 지속되어 왔다. 반면에, 일상적 운영의 상대적 자율성은 실질적으로 증가했다. 일본자동차 기업들은 현지공장에 좀 더 많은 자율성을 부여하지만, 현대차 그룹은 규모의 경제를 활용하기 위해 조직 능력을 본사에 집중하여 왔으며, 이는 현지공장 A에 상대적으로 적은 자율성을 부여 하였다. This study aims to explain the global operation of organizational capability at Hyundai Motor Company, which is applied to A transplant in Europe. Hyundai’s global operation of organizational capability for A transplant in Europe is composed of 1) non-routine operation to prepare the mass production of a new model, 2) routine operation of the transplant. The vertical governance of Hyundai Motor group made the decision of direct investment to construct the transplant in Europe quickly. The concept of standardized product and factory made the global operation of organizational capability at Hyundai Motor Company easier. The dependence of organizational capability on the headquarter has been continued in the non-routine operation to prepare a new model in A transplant. On the other hand, the relative autonomy in the routine operation has been substantially increased in A transplant. While Japanese motor companies have given more autonomy to its transplants, Hyundai Motor group has concentrated its organizational capability on the headquarter to maximize the ‘economy of scale’, giving its transplant less autonomy in the operation of A transplant.

현대자동차의 단계별 경쟁력 향상과 국제화 전략 -글로벌 시장을 향한 끝없는 도전과 성장-

남명현 ( Myung Hyun Nam ) 한국생산성학회 2012 生産性論集 Vol.26 No.2

This paper provides a longitudinal analysis of internationalization strategies of Hyundai Motor Company in relation with the competitiveness improvement not only from home country`s industry level but also firm`s competitive advantage level. The characteristics of Hyundai`s internationalization experiences can be summarized as 1) maintaining global market focusing attitude, 2) speedy decision making of export and FDI(foreign direct investment) toward overseas markets, and 3) never-ending challenge to overcome trials and error. The case study of Hyundai does not support the incremental expansion of foreign markets asserted by Johanson and Vahlne, but demonstrates that the home country environment such as cheap labour cost was the most important in the early stage of internationalization. However, as the company accumulated international experience, it relied more upon its internal competitive advantages. Locational factors related to the host country environment also affected Hyundai`s internationalization strategies but their relative importance declined over time.