고음량의 음악을 동반한 에어로빅 댄스가 인지기능에 미치는 영향

장혁기(Chang, Hyuk-Ki),김경애(Kim, Kyung-Ae),정유진(Jung, Yu-Jin),가藤守匡(Kato, Morimasa) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive function on a combined aerobic dance and high intensity music. The 28 subjects (female college students) were recruited and were divided into 4 groups; the Control Group (CG, n=7), Music Group (MG, n=7), Aerobic dance Group (AG, n=7) and Music and Aerobic dance Group (MnAG, n=7). AG and MnAG participated in aerobic dance exercise for 10 minutes. MG and MnAG listened to high intensity music (100Db) and CG and AG received no music intervention. For the delivery of music intervention, a headset was used. All subjects were measured on Stroop score, which is known as Neutral and Incongruent test as a cognitive function before and after 10 min-treatment. Data were analyzed by using two-way repeated ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows: An interaction effect between groups on Neutral and Incongruent test were observed (p<.0l, p<.05, respectively). The change ratios of pre-post Stroop score were significantly decreased both in Neutral and Incongruent test in only MnAG compared with CG (p<.05, 0.05, respectively). Therefore, the results showed that performing aerobic dance with high intensity music appeared to cause temporary decrease in cognitive function.

중강도 운동훈련이 고지방식이 유도 비만쥐의 비장세포 염증성 사이토카인 발현에 미치는 영향

Hyuk-ki Chang(장혁기),Hee-geun Park(박희근),Jun-hyun Jeong(정준현),Wang-lok Lee(이왕록) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.8

본 연구는 고지방식이로 유도된 비만쥐를 대상으로 저지방식이와 중강도 운동이 비장세포의 전염증성 사이토카인 발현에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 4 주령의 C57BL/6 마우스를 대상으로 고지방식이(45% fat)를 5 주간 처치하여 비만을 유도한 후, 저지방식이(10% fat)로 전환한 후 통제군(운동미실시, n=10)과 운동군(중강도운동실시, n=10)으로 나누어 8 주간 트레드밀을 이용하여 중강도 운동을 주 5회, 1 일 30-60분 실시하였다. 운동종료 후 비장세포를 분리하여 Concanavalin A (10 ㎍/㎖)로 24시간 자극 후 전염증성 사이토카인인 IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α를 Bio-Plex를 활용하여 측정하였다. 자료분석은 독립 t 검증을 실시 하였으며, 유의수준은 p<0.05 수준으로 하였다. 비장세포에서 발현된 전염증성 사이토카인인 IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α는 저지방식이를 단독처치한 통제군에 비하여 중강도 운동을 병행실시한 운동군에서 유의하게 감소한 결과(p<0.01)를 나타내어 고지방식이로 유도된 비만쥐에서 저지방식이의 단독처치보다 중강도 운동의 병행 처치가 전염증 사이토카인 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of moderate exercise training on splenocyte inflammatory cytokines production in high fat diet-induced obese mice. To determine the effects of exercise training and low fat diet on splenocyte, C57BL/6 male mice (4 weeks aged, n=20) were fed a high fat diet (45% fat diet) for 5 weeks so that obesity was achieved intentionally. These obese mice were then divided into 2 groups; HLC (low fat diet and control n=10), and HLE (low fat diet and exercise n=10). HLE mice performed 8 weeks of exercise training on a motorized treadmill by running for 30-60 min/day at 10-22 m/min, 0% grade, five times per week. After exercise training, all the splenocyte was collected and Con A (concanvalin A, 10㎍/㎖) was used to stimulate the cells, after which IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were measured by bio plex. Independent t-test was used and p value under 0.05 was considered a statistical significance. Splenocyte IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α production of HLE stimulated by Con A was significantly lower than that of HLC (p<0.01). These findings suggest that moderate exercise has beneficial effects on splenocyte inflammatory cytokines in high fat diet induced obese mice.

알파인 스키선수들의 시합 기간 중 스트레스 인지정도와 면역-스트레스 반응 연구

최혜정(Hye Jung Choi),장혁기(Hyuk Ki Chang),신윤아(Yun A Shin) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.46

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of saliva immunity and physical/psychological stress factor on the competition during 3-days in alpine ski junior racers. We analysed the possible relationship between salivary immunoglobulin A(S-IgA) concentrations, and physiological/ psychological stress responses. 16 top-ranking racers (male: n=10, female: n=6) are participated.. They are also belong to the Korea Ski Association. The alpine ski competition was made up of 3-days. 1st day was SG(super giant), 2nd day was GS(giant slalom), and 3rd day was SL(slalom). S-IgA concentrations, cortisol level, and heart rate(HR) are checked at before racing. As a result, All of alpine ski racer were significantly higher than rest stage even though 3-days competition period. In addition, the changes of S-IgA concentration were associated with the changes of HR. Physical anxiety were negatively associated with HR. Self-confidence was a positively associated with HR. These results were demonstrated that Alpine ski junior racer were showed adaptive stress respond by during on competition situation. The changes of stress respond were which resting, before start racing, during the competition period was not showed affect the concentration of S-IgA.

체력수준에 따른 수면박탈이 운동수행 능력에 미치는 영향

소위영(So, Wi-Young),장혁기(Chang, Hyuk-ki),서동일(Seo, Dong-Il),유병욱(Yoo, Byoung-Wook) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on physical performance according to physical fitness level. Thirty-eight military officers were included in this study. Results of the Army Physical Fitness Test were used to classify the participants into the “high fitness group” and “low fitness group.” The participants performed physical fitness tests under normal and sleep deprived conditions. After sleep deprivation, VO₂max (p=0.001), grip strength (p=0.007), and push-up (p=0.0004) were significantly decreased in the high fitness group. However, vertical jump (p=0.346), sit-up (p=0.120), and side-step (p=0.109) were not significantly affected by sleep deprivation. In the lower fitness group, VO₂max (p=0.006), push-up (p=0.020), and vertical jump (P<0.001) were significantly decreased. However, grip strength (p=0.798), sit-up (p=0.850), and side-step (p=0.408) were not significantly affected by sleep deprivation. We concluded that cardiorespiratory function and muscle endurance were significantly decreased by sleep deprivation, but it was unclear whether other components of physical fitness were affected. Furthermore, there was no difference between groups in terms of sleep deprivation.

저항성 운동이 AHSG와 IGFBP1 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

오승렬(Oh, Seungl-Yu),장혁기(Chang, Hyuk-Ki) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The aim of this study was to determine if resistance exercise changed alpha 2-Heremans Schmidt glycoprotein (AHSG) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein1 (IGFBP1) mRNA expression in skeletal muscle of rat. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into sedentary (control group; CON, n=24) and exercise-trained groups (resistance exercise group; REG, n=16). CON and REG subsequently were separated into aging control group (A-CON), 4 weeks group (4 wks CON, 4 wks REG) and 8 weeks group (8 wks CON, 8 wks REG). The rats in the resistance exercise group were trained to climb a 1-m vertical (85 degree incline) ladder with weights secured to their tail, and they climbed the ladder 10 times 3 days per week for 8 weeks progressively. After resistance training, skeletal muscle was taken from the flexor halucis longus. After separating the total RNA, qPCR was used to analyze RNA quantitatively. After 4 weeks of resistance exercise, AHSG mRNA expression increased significantly in REG compared to CON (p<01). In contrast, there was a significant decrease of AHSG mRNA expression in 8 wks REG compared to 8 wks CON (p<.05). IGFBP1 mRNA expression increased significantly in 4 wks REG compared to 4 wks CON (p<.001). However, there was no significant difference in IGFBP1 mRNA expression in 8 wks groups. Interestingly, there were significant differences in AHSG and IGFBP1 mRNA between 4 wks REG and 8 wks REG (p<.01). In conclusion, the resistance training induced changes of AHSG and IGFBP1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle of rat. This shows that the resistance training give effect on AHSG and IGFBP1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle of rat.

스쿠버 다이빙 활동 시 임상적 건강과 기초체력의 주요 요인 조사

지혜미(Jee Hae-Mi),전태원(Jun Tae-Won),장혁기(Chang Hyuk-Ki) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to identify the major scuba diving factors that may affect the safety of the activity as well as the directional guideline for the future. A panel was composed of 18 scuba diving related experts and through intuitive judgements, results were converged in three rounds with pre-defined stop criterion. Three major scuba diving factors were identified through first round which were ‘medical screening of health and physical fitness.’ and ‘physical fitness’ in the order of higher identification. Each major factors were categorized in detail and through two more rounds, each items were scored with 5-point Likert scaling. In the ‘health and physical fitness’ factor, items such as ‘need for increased scuba diver medical staff(4.94),’ and ‘need for increased facility, equipment and medical information(4.65).’ were scored the highest. In the ‘basic physical fitness’ factor, ‘cardiovascular fitness(4.69),’ ‘flexibility(4.21),’ and ‘strength(4.18)’ were scored the highest. In conclusion, basic physical fitness should be considered with supportive medical staff, facility. For prevention and safety, each diver should evaluate one's capacity and acquire customized training periodically. Moreover, adequate physical activity should be conducted composed of cardiovascular fitness, flexibility and strength training along with other basic physical fitness factors such as power, agility, and endurance.

비만 중년여성에게 있어서 36주간의 스트레칭 운동의 효과

소위영 ( Wi Young So ),전태원 ( Tae Won Jun ),최대혁 ( Dai Hyuk Choi ),서한교 ( Han Kyo Seo ),엄우섭 ( Woo Soeb Eom ),장혁기 ( Hyuk Ki Chang ),서동일 ( Dong Il Seo ),김선호 ( Seon Ho Kim ),신현정 ( Hyun Jung Shin ),박재영 ( Jae Yo 대한스포츠의학회 2008 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Because obese people have the characteristic of physical inactivity, they need to be exercised on the basis of cumulative overload. Therefore, the protocol should include low intensity of flexible exercise which can be applicable easily to obese people. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of stretching exercise. Obese middle-aged women participated in this study consisting of stretching exercise group (N=23) and control group (N=27). They were subjected to 36 weeks stretching exercise three times a week, weight, BMI(Body Mass Index), body fat, WHR (Waist-Hip Ratio), SBP (Systemic Blood Pressure), DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure), RHR (Resting Heart Rate), glucose, TC (Total Cholesterol), HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) and TG (Triglyceride) were investigated. There were significant differences between two groups in weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001), WHR (p<0.001), SBP (p=0.015), DBP (p=0.003), RHR (p=0.046), glucose (p<0.001), TC (p=0.049), HDL (p=0.001) and TG (p<0.001). These findings suggest that stretching exercise could be considered adequate form of exercise for the purpose of obesity treatment.

운동과 식이요법의 병행이 신체구성의 추이에 미치는 영향

장혁기,김재훈,전태원,김용권,이복은,한구석,진영수 대한스포츠의학회 1998 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the aerobic exercise and weight training combined with low-calorie diet on the changes of the body composition during 12 weeks. The subjects were selected with 10 females over 30% body fat without risk factor during training. They did not have attended in any obese therapy course before. Exercise regimen was composed with aerobic exercise and weight training program, 2hrs·day-1, 4days·week-1. The intensity of aerobic exercise and weight training were 50% of HRR, 50% of 1RM(10 rep., 3sets) respectively. The calorie restrict regimen was LCD(low-calorie diet) of 1000∼1500 kcal·day-1(approximately 15 kcal per kg). The body composition was measured to the weight, %body fat, FFM, WHR at pre-test, 3, 6, 9 and 12week. The one-way repeated ANOVA was used and Duncan was treated for the post hoc testing(p<.05). 1. Body weight was decreased from pre-test to 12week by 11.8±4.0kg. The changes of the weight was significantly decreased among from pre-test to 3, 3 to 6 and 6 to 9 week(p<.01). There was not significantly different during 9 to 12 week(p<.05). 2. %Body fat was decreased from pre-test to 12week by 10.8±3.2%. The change of %body fat was significantly decreased among from pre-test to 3, 3 to 6 and 9 to 12 week(p<.01). There was not significantly different during 6 to 9 week(p<.05). 3. FFM was decreased from pre-test to 12 week by 4.6±4.7kg. The change of FFM was significantly decreased during the whole test(p<.05). 4. WHR was decreased by 4.8±5.8 from pre-test to 12 week. The change of WHR was significantly decreased from 3 to 6 week(p<.01). There was not significantly different from pre-test to 3, 6 to 9 to 12 week(p<.05).

뇌의 Orexin 발현과 운동 : 스트레스 조절 인자로서의 역할

장혁기 서울대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2008 스포츠과학리뷰 Vol.2 No.1

Orexins (Orexin A & B) are hypothalamic peptides of brain most recognized for their significant effects on feeding and arousal. Physiologically the orexin system has been implicated in the regulation of behaviours that are associated with wakefulness, locomotion, and stress. Central orexin activates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and may be involved in stress-induced activation of the HPA axis, resulted in a dose-dependent elevation of circulating adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone related with stress regulation. Both Orexin 1 receptor and 2 receptor have been found in the general area of the hypothalamus, but their localizations are region-specific : OX-2R mRNA is predominant in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) region. The PVN area is innervated by OX-A and OX-B immunoreative projections, which both originate from the lateral hypothalamic area and perifornical nucleus. Those projections suggest an action of endogenous orexin on ACTH release, either by neuromodulatory effects in the PVN, or by neuroendocrine actions in the pituitary gland following release into the median eminence. Swimming and running exercise in rats activated orexin neuron in the brain and central administration of Orexins increased physical activity. Orexins is important not only stress regulating but also physiological regulator about exercise. But, the study of orexin about exercise is not enough for knowledge of the mechanism. Orexin은 중추 섭식 조절인자로서 밝혀진 이래에 뇌의 시상하부에서의 다양한 조절인자로서 역할하는 것이 많은 연구를 통해서 밝혀졌다. 그 조절로는 섭식조절을 비롯하여 수면·각성 조절, 자율신경계 조절, 스트레스 조절 등이 있다. 특히, 생체가 스트레스를 받으면 시상하부로부터 시작되는 HPA축이 활성화하는데 이를 조절하는 상위레벨의 조절인자로 Orexin이 발견되었다. 이 Orexin 의 발견으로 스트레스 기전의 새로운 개념도가 형성되었고, 운동 스트레스시에도 관련되며, 그 조절 인자로서의 역할에 대해 연구되기 시작되었다. Orexin은 식욕을 조절하는 뇌의 외측시상하부에서 발현하는 단백질로 뇌의 여러 부위에 그 수용체가 존재하는 것으로부터 생리적으로 복잡하고 많은 조절에 관여한다. 스트레스 호르몬인 ACTH 분비를 자극하는 CRH가 많이 존재하는 부위인 PVN에 Orexin 수용체가 존재함으로써 HPA축의 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 여겨져 그 연구가 시작되었다. 최근의 몇몇 연구를 통하여서는 수영 및 런닝 운동이 뇌의 Orexin 신경을 활성화시키는 것을 밝혀내었으며, 쥐에게 외인성 Orexin의 투여가 자발적 신체활동을 증가시켰다. 이처럼, 운동학적으로 Orexin은 스트레스뿐만 아니라 운동에 대해 생리적으로 중요한 조절 인자임이 밝혀지고 있다. 하지만, 아직 운동 분야에서 Orexin이 역할과 관련성에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다.

성인에서 일시적 중이음압이 유발이음향방사와 변조이음향방사에 미치는 영향

우훈영,장혁기,강무완,이창환,최정환,조경래 대한청각학회 2000 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.4 No.1