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고형래(Hyoung-Rai Ko),김세종(Se-Jong Kim),이재국(Jae-Kook Lee) 한국식물병리학회 2020 식물병연구 Vol.26 No.2
녹비작물을 이용한 선충 방제 기술 개발을 위해 클로버씨 스트선충이 감염된 정선군 배추 포장에서 기름무 6품종과 백 겨자 4품종의 녹비작물을 재배하였다. 2개월 후 트랙터 로터 리를 이용하여 녹비작물을 토양에 환원시키고 1개월 동안 부 숙시켰다. 이후 배추를 정식하고 70일이 경과한 다음 씨스트 선충에 대한 알 증식률과 배추의 생체중을 조사하였다. 그 결 과, 기름무 Adios와 Anaconda 품종을 재배한 처리구의 토 양에 존재하는 씨스트 내부의 알 밀도 감소율(Pf/Pi)은 각각 0.04, 0.02로 가장 낮았다. Adios와 Anaconda 처리구의 암컷 의 증식수는 토양 300 cm3당 각각 2.5마리, 3.5마리로 무처리 를 비롯한 다른 처리구들보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 배 추 3포기 생체중은 Adios와 Anaconda 처리구에서 각각 7.67 kg, 7.35 kg으로 나타나 무처리 5.64 kg보다 높았다. 본 연구 결과에 따라 배추과 녹비작물인 기름무 Adios와 Anaconda 품종은 클로버씨스트선충의 친환경적인 방제 소재로 활용 가 능하다고 판단된다. To investigate the effects of Brassicaceae cover crops on clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii, 10 cultivars consisting of six of oil radish and four of white mustard were planted in the nematode infected field at Jeong- seon city. Two months after planting, the cover crops were plow down and incorporated into the soil using rotavator, decomposed for 1 month, then transplanted kimchi-cabbages. After 70 days, the density of eggs inside of the cyst and the number of females in the soil were examined. As a result, the reproduction rates of eggs in each plots of Adios and Anaconda cultivars, which were 0.04 and 0.02, respectively, were greatly reduced. The number of females in the plots of above two cultivars showed means at 2.5 and 3.5 per 300 cm3 soil, which were lower than those of other plots. In addition, fresh weights of three plants in the two plots, which were 7.67 and 7.35 kg, were significantly higher than that of the control plot. Collectively, these results suggest that the two cultivars of Brassicaceae cover crops, Adios and Anaconda, could be used for reducing the cyst nematode density.
Identification of Heterodera glycines (Tylenchida; Heteroderidae) Using qPCR
Ko, Hyoung-Rai,Kang, Heonil,Park, Eun-Hyoung,Kim, Eun-Hwa,Lee, Jae-Kook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.6
The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is a major plant-parasitic nematode that has caused important economic losses to Korea's soybean production. Four species of cyst nematodes, H. schachtii, H. glycines, H. trifolii, and H. sojae, all belong to schachtii group are coexist in field soil in Korea. The rapid identification of the nematode is crucial for preventing crop damage and in decision making for controlling this nematode. This study aimed to develop a species-specific primer set for quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay of H. glycines. The specific primer set (HGF1 and HGR1) for H. glycines was designed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of mitochondrial DNA. After optimization, it is possible to identify the H. glycines using a qPCR assay with DNA extracted from a single cyst and single second-stage juvenile (J2). The specificity was confirmed by the absence of SYBR fluorescent signals of three other Heterodera species. A serial dilution of DNA extracted from a single cyst was obtained for the sensitivity test. The result showed that the standard curve of the test had a highly significant linearity between DNA concentration and Ct value (R2 = 0.996, slope = -3.49) and that the detection limit concentration of DNA of the primer set was 10 pg of DNA per reaction. Our findings suggested that H. glycines could be distinguished from H. sojae and other Heterodera species when a qPCR assay is used with a specific primer set.
훈증성 약제 처리용 토양소독기의 클로버씨스트선충 방제 효과
고형래(Hyoung-Rai Ko),이상희(Sang-Hee Lee),강태경(Tae-Gyoung Kang),김태형(Tae-Hyeong Kim),김상수(Sang-Su Kim),이재국(Jae-Kook Lee) 한국식물병리학회 2020 식물병연구 Vol.26 No.2
클로버씨스트선충은 국내 고랭지배추 재배지에서 가장 문제 되고 있는 식물기생선충 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 새로 개발한 훈증성 약제 처리기의 성능을 시험하기 위하여 고랭지배추 문 제 클로버씨스트선충을 대상으로 훈증성 약제 2종(dimethyl disulfide [DMDS], metam sodium [MNa])의 살선충 활성을 검 정하였다. 훈증성 약제의 방제 효과는 약제 처리 4주 후 처리구 별 토양으로부터 씨스트를 채집하여 클로버씨스트선충 알 부 화율을 조사하였고, 씨스트 내부의 알을 배추에 접종하여 얻 은 암컷 증식 수를 조사하여 평가했다. DMDS (39 l/10 a)는 클 로버씨스트선충 알 부화율과 암컷 증식 수를 각각 99.0% 이상 억제하였으나, MNa (29 l/10 a)는 알 부화율은 78.3–99.4%, 암 컷 증식 수는 34.7–49.3% 정도 억제하였다. 훈증성 약제 2종의 처리 깊이에 따른 클로버씨스트선충 알 부화율과 암컷 증식수 는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서 개 발된 토양 소독기를 이용하여 DMDS를 토양 처리하면 클로버 씨스트선충 방제 효과가 있을 것으로 보인다. Clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii, is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematode on Kimchi- cabbage in highland in Korea. Recently, a demand of soil disinfection machine for fumigants is increasing. This study was conducted to assess the control effects of a newly developed prototype soil disinfection machine to the cyst nematode. Two fumigants, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and metam sodium (MNa), were treated using the machine in a field, which was infected with the cyst nematode. After 4 weeks, control effects of fumigants were assessed as eggs hatching rates inside of cysts extracted from the soil, and as a number of fe- males reproduced in roots of Kimchi-cabbage. DMDS (39 l/10 a) suppressed over 99.0% of the eggs hatching rate and the number of females reproduced. On the other hand, MNa (29 l/10 a) controlled the egg hatching rates from minimum 78.3% to maximum 99.4%, and the number of females from 34.7% to 49.3%. The control effects of two fumigants to clover cyst nematode by treated depth were no significant differences statistically. These results showed that DMDS treatment using the soil disinfection machine was expected to have the control effects for the clover cyst nematode.
Nematicidal Activities of Pesticides against Root-Lesion Nematode in Perilla frutescens
Heonil Kang,Hyoung-Rai Ko,Sekeun Park,Eunhyeong Park,Eunwha Kim,Byeong-Yong Park 한국농약과학회 2021 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. japonica), which is an annual herbaceous crop belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important crop in Korea. Its seeds have been used for cooking oil and seasoning dishes. And its fresh leaves have been directly consumed. Plant parasitic nematodes were detected in perilla cultivation fields in Korea, and the incidences of root-lesion nematodes (RLNs) were higher than other plant parasitic nematodes. Among the RLNs, Pratylenchus penetrans was widely distributed and causes chlorosis of the leaf, necrosis of the root and yield loss on perilla. This study was conducted to test the nematicidal activities to P. penetrans for control. Six pesticides, which are amisulbrom, cadusafos, imicyafos, fluazinam, fluopyram, and fosthiazate, showed activities of 27.5% to 100% in well plate. Four pesticides showed the higher nematicidal activity than other in vitro tested pesticides; 100% mortality of fluopyram, 97.7% of cadusafos, 84.6% of imicyafos and 83.2% of fosthiazate. In greenhouse pots, fluopyram, cadusafos, and imicyafos caused the greatest inhibition of reproduction of P. penetrans, with decreases of 100%, 98.8% and 98.6%, respectively. Interestingly, fluopyram treatment was indicated 100% nematicidal activity from in vitro and pot experiment. Thus, our results suggest that fluopyram could be used to control the P. penetrans in perilla cultivation fields.
Mwamula, Abraham Okki,Ko, Hyoung-Rai,Kim, Youngjoon,Kim, Young Ho,Lee, Jae-Kook,Lee, Dong Woon The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.4
The sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii is a well known pathogen on Chinese cabbage in the highland fields of Korea. However, a race of cyst forming nematode with close morphological resemblance to H. trifolii was recently isolated from the same Chinese cabbage fields. Morphological species differentiation between the two cyst nematodes is challenging, with only minor differences between them. Thus, this study described the newly intercepted H. trifolii population, and reviewed morphological and molecular characteristics conceivably essential in differentiating the two nematode species. A comparison of morphometric measurements of both infective juveniles and vulval cones of cysts showed significant differences between the two cyst nematodes. When total RNA and genomic DNA were extracted from a mixed field population, COI genes and ITS regions were clearly amplified with primers of the two Heterodera species, suggesting that Heterodera population collected from the Chinese cabbage field consisted of a mixture of two species. COI and ITS of H. trifolii were predominantly amplified from nucleotides prepared from H. trifolii monoxenic population whereas those of H. schachtii were strongly detected in H. schachtii monoxenic cultures. Thus, this study confirms the coexistence of the two species in some Chinese cabbage fields; and the presence of H. trifolii in Korea is reported here for the first time.