Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Associated Factors in Korean Adults: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021

Soo Jung Rim(Soo Jung Rim),Bong-Jin Hahm(Bong-Jin Hahm),Su Jeong Seong(Su Jeong Seong),Jee Eun Park(Jee Eun Park),Sung Man Chang(Sung Man Chang),Byung-Soo Kim(Byung-Soo Kim),Hyonggin An(Hyonggin An),H 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3

Objective Mental health is a global concern and needs to be studied more closely. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders and their associated factors among the general population in Korea. Methods The National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 was conducted between June 19 and August 31, 2021 and included 13,530 households; 5,511 participants completed the interview (response rate: 40.7%). The lifetime and 12-month diagnosis rates of mental disorders were made using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. Factors associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), nicotine use disorder, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder were analyzed, and mental health service utilization rates were estimated. Results The lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 27.8%. The 12-month prevalence rates of alcohol use, nicotine use, depressive, and anxiety disorders were 2.6%, 2.7%, 1.7%, and 3.1%, respectively. The risk factors associated with 12-month diagnosis rates were as follows: AUD: sex and age; nicotine use disorder: sex; depressive disorder: marital status and job status; anxiety disorder: sex, marital status, and job status. The 12-month treatment and service utilization rates for 12-month AUD, nicotine use disorder, depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder were 2.6%, 1.1%, 28.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion Approximately 25% of adults in the general population were diagnosed with mental disorders during their lifetime. The treatment rates were substantially low. Future studies on this topic and efforts to increase the mental health treatment rate at a national level are needed.

Item non-response imputation in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Serhim Son,Hyemi Moon,Hyonggin An 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a public health survey that assesses individuals’ health and nutritional status and monitors the prevalence of major chronic diseases. In general, sampling weights are adjusted for unit non-responses and imputation is conducted for item non-responses. In this study, we proposed strategies for imputing item non-responses in the KNHANES in order to improve the usefulness of data, minimize bias, and increase statistical power. METHODS After applying logical imputation, we adopted 2 separate imputation methods for each variable type: unweighted sequential hot-deck imputation for categorical variables and sequential regression imputation for continuous variables. For variance estimation, multiple imputations were applied to the continuous variables. To evaluate the performance of the proposed strategies, we compared the marginal distributions of imputed variables and the results of multivariable regression analysis for the complete-case data and the expanded data with imputed values, respectively. RESULTS When comparing the marginal distributions, most non-responses were imputed. The multivariable regression coefficients presented similar estimates; however, the standard errors decreased, resulting in statistically significant p-values. The proposed imputation strategies may cope with the loss of precision due to missing data, thus enhancing statistical power in analyses of the KNHANES by providing expanded data with imputed values. CONCLUSIONS The proposed imputation strategy may enhance the utility of data by increasing the number of complete cases and reducing the bias in the analysis, thus laying a foundation to cope with the occurrence of item non-responses in further surveys.

Item non-response imputation in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

손세림,문혜미,An Hyonggin 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a public health survey that assesses individuals’ health and nutritional status and monitors the prevalence of major chronic diseases. In general, sampling weights are adjusted for unit non-responses and imputation is conducted for item non-responses. In this study, we proposed strategies for imputing item non-responses in the KNHANES in order to improve the usefulness of data, minimize bias, and increase statistical power. METHODS: After applying logical imputation, we adopted 2 separate imputation methods for each variable type: unweighted sequential hot-deck imputation for categorical variables and sequential regression imputation for continuous variables. For variance estimation, multiple imputations were applied to the continuous variables. To evaluate the performance of the proposed strategies, we compared the marginal distributions of imputed variables and the results of multivariable regression analysis for the complete-case data and the expanded data with imputed values, respectively. RESULTS: When comparing the marginal distributions, most non-responses were imputed. The multivariable regression coefficients presented similar estimates; however, the standard errors decreased, resulting in statistically significant p-values. The proposed imputation strategies may cope with the loss of precision due to missing data, thus enhancing statistical power in analyses of the KNHANES by providing expanded data with imputed values. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed imputation strategy may enhance the utility of data by increasing the number of complete cases and reducing the bias in the analysis, thus laying a foundation to cope with the occurrence of item non-responses in further surveys

범주형 전환문항을 포함하는 항목 무응답 대체 방법 비교

이다희(Da Hee Lee),안형진(Hyonggin An) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.1

사회조사에서는 항목 무응답이 발생했을 때 무응답으로 인한 정보의 손실을 줄이는 하나의 기법으로 범주형 전환문항(unfolding bracket question)을 사용한다. 범주형 전환문항을 포함한 항목무응답은 구간중도절단된 생존자료와 구조가 유사한데, 범주형 전환문항을 포함한 항목 무응답을 처리하는 대체 방법과 관련한 연구는 제한적이므로 본 연구에서는 범주형 전환문항을 이용한 대체와 이용하지 않은 대체 성능을 살펴보았고 범주형 전환문항을 이용하는 세 가지 대체 결과를 비교하였다. 첫 번째는 선형회귀 기반의 최근접이웃 핫덱대체이고 두 번째는 개체별로 범주구간 내에서 동일한 확률로 대체값을 선택하는 균일분포를 이용한 대체이며 세 번째는 비모수적 최대가능도 추정법으로 추정한 생존함수를 이용하는 대체 방법이다. 범주형 전환문항을 이용하지 않은 대체는 핫덱대체를 고려하였다. 모의실험을 통해 제안된 세 대체 방법들의 성능을 평가하였고 고령화연구패널조사 3차조사 예제를 통해 실제 자료에 대한 적용방법을 설명하였다. 범주형 전환문항을 이용한 대체가 범주형 전환문항을 이용하지 않은 대체보다 성능이 좋았다. 범주형 전환문항을 이용한 대체의 경우 무응답률이 비교적 낮을 때 비모수적 최대가능도 추정법으로 추정한 생존함수를 이용하는 대체 방법의 성능이 좋았다. 무응답률이 클 때 평균 편향 측면에서는 선형회귀 기반의 최근접이웃 핫덱대체 방법이, 평균제곱근오차 측면에서는 비모수적 최대가능도 추정법으로 추정한 생존함수를 이용하는 대체 방법이 더 나은 결과를 보였다. In social surveys, unfolding bracket questions are used as a technique to reduce the loss of information due to nonresponse when item nonresponses occur. Item nonresponse, including unfolding bracket questions, has a similar structure to interval censored survival data. However, imputation methods to handle item nonresponses including unfolding bracket questions are limited. In this study, we examine performance of imputation with and without unfolding bracket questions. Also we compare three imputation methods to handle unfolding bracket questions. The First method is a linear regression-based nearest neighbor hotdeck imputation. Secondly, it is possible to consider a uniform distribution that selects a value with the same probability within the section for each individual. The third is an imputation method using the survival function estimated by the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method. Hotdeck imputation was considered as an imputation for not using unfolding bracket questions. The performance of these imputation methods was evaluated through simulation and the KLoSA study is used to provide examples of the application of these methods to real data. Imputation methods using unfolding bracket questions showed better performance than the method without unfolding bracket questions. The performance of the imputation method using the survival function estimated by the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method was better when the nonresponse rate was low and when the nonresponse rate is large in terms of root mean square error. When the non-response rate is large, the linear regression-based nearest neighbor hotdeck imputation method showed better results in terms of mean bias.

Intimate partner violence and incidence of depression in married women: A longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample

Han, Kyu-Man,Jee, Hee-Jung,An, Hyonggin,Shin, Cheolmin,Yoon, Ho-Kyoung,Ko, Young-Hoon,Ham, Byung-Joo,Kim, Yong-Ku,Han, Changsu Elsevier 2019 Journal of affective disorders Vol.245 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Intimate partner violence (IPV) has a serious detrimental effect on mental health outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of verbal or physical IPV with incidence of depressive symptoms in both married women and men according to the victim-perpetrator role. The potential mediating role of verbal or physical IPV in the association between satisfaction level with family relationships or childhood adversity and the incidence of depressive symptoms in married adults was also explored.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) in 2006 and 2007 dataset was analyzed for 9217 married respondents aged 19 years or older. Physical and verbal IPV was assessed according to victim-perpetrator role in 2006. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 11-item version in 2006 and 2007. Association of IPV with incidental depressive symptoms was investigated with logistic regression analysis fully-adjusted for all potential confounding factors.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The bidirectional role of verbal IPV and victimization by physical IPV led to incidence of depressive symptoms in married women. Verbal IPV significantly mediated the association between satisfaction level with the family relationship and incidental depressive symptoms in women.</P> <P><B>Limitations</B></P> <P>We did not investigate the influence of premorbid depressive symptoms on new-onset IPV.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study is the first to demonstrate that gender and the victim-perpetrator role are critical moderating factors in the association between IPV and depressive symptom incidence using a nationally representative sample</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Influence of intimate partner violence (IPV) on incidence of depression was assessed. </LI> <LI> 9217 married adults in data of Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) 2006 and 2007. </LI> <LI> Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 11-item version was used. </LI> <LI> Bidirectional role of verbal IPV led to incidence of depression in married women. </LI> <LI> Victimization by physical IPV led to incidence of depression in married women. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Effect of Distraction-Resisting Forces on the Tibia During Distraction Osteogenesis :

Shyam, Ashok K,Song, Hae-Ryong,An, Hyonggin,Isaac, Dileep,Shetty, Gautam M,Lee, Seok Hyun Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2009 Journal of bone and joint surgery Vol.91 No.7

<P>BACKGROUND: Distraction-resisting forces that are generated during distraction osteogenesis can be responsible for complications, including a lag effect on fibular distraction leading to a tibiofibular distraction difference, tibial axial deviation, and distraction at the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints. We investigated the nature of distraction-resisting forces by studying their correlation with these parameters. METHODS: One hundred and eleven tibial lengthening procedures in sixty-three patients were chosen. Seventy-six segments underwent lengthening with an Ilizarov ring fixator, and thirty-five segments had lengthening over an intramedullary nail. Serial radiographs were evaluated with regard to the amounts of tibiofibular distraction difference, proximal tibiofibular joint distraction, distal tibiofibular joint distraction, tibial axial deviation, and heel malalignment. Clinically, laxity at the knee was evaluated and fibular head instability was assessed. Variations in all of these parameters were evaluated with respect to tibiofibular joint fixation, etiology, skeletal maturity, lengthening over an intramedullary nail, and amount of lengthening. RESULTS: The mean tibiofibular distraction difference was 19.1 +/- 10.6 mm (range, 2 to 51 mm), the mean proximal tibiofibular joint distraction was 10.1 +/- 6.8 mm (range, 0 to 33 mm), and the mean tibial valgus angulation was 8.7 degrees +/- 4.4 degrees . At the time of the latest follow-up, twenty-eight segments (25%) had lateral knee joint laxity at 30 degrees of knee flexion and eight segments (7%) had fibular head subluxation at 90 degrees of knee flexion. Twenty-four (86%) of the twenty-eight cases of knee laxity were observed in skeletally immature patients. The tibiofibular distraction difference, proximal tibiofibular joint distraction, and tibial valgus angulation were significantly greater in the group without fixation of the proximal tibiofibular joint. A significant decrease in the tibial valgus angulation and knee laxity was found in patients with lengthening over an intramedullary nail. In the intramedullary nail group, after fixation of the proximal tibiofibular joint, the tibiofibular distraction difference and the proximal tibiofibular joint distraction decreased; however, the proportion of cases with clinically important tibial valgus angulation (>10 degrees ) increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Fixing both tibiofibular joints with a single Ilizarov wire decreases proximal tibiofibular joint distraction; however, more secure fixation would help to decrease the prevalence of delayed knee laxity. When tibial lengthening is performed over an intramedullary nail, avoiding proximal tibiofibular joint fixation will limit tibial valgus angulation. Limiting lengthening to <25% will decrease the proportion of cases with knee laxity, and limiting lengthening to <50% will significantly limit tibial valgus angulation.</P>

Optimal time for repeating the IgM anti-hepatitis A virus antibody test in acute hepatitis A patients with a negative initial test

Jong Jin Hyun,Yeon Seok Seo,Hyonggin An,Sun Young Yim,Min Ho Seo,Hye Sook Kim,Chang Ha Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Bora Keum,Yong Sik Kim,Hyung Joon Yim,Hong Sik Lee,Soon Ho Um,Chang Duck 대한간학회 2012 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.18 No.1

Mobile phone use and risk of glioma

Songyi Yoon,Jae-Wook Choi,Eunil Lee,Hyonggin An,Hyong Do Choi,Nam Kim 환경독성보건학회 2015 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.30 No.-

Objectives: There has been a growing concern about the possible carcinogenic effects of the electromagnetic radiofrequency fields emitted from mobile phones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between mobile phone use and the development of gliomas in Korea. Methods: Our study methods were based on the International Interphone study that aimed to evaluate possible adverse effects of mobile phone use. This study included 285 histologically-confirmed Korean patients 15 to 69 years of age, with gliomas diagnosed between 2002 and 2007 in 9 hospitals. The 285 individually matched controls were healthy individuals that had their medical check-up in the same hospitals. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for use of mobile phones. Results: For the entire group, no significant relationship was investigated between gliomas and regular use of mobile phones, types of mobile phones, lifetime years of use, monthly service fee, and the other exposure indices. Analyses restricted to self-respondents showed similar results. For ipsilateral users, whose the body side for usual mobile phone use match the location of glioma, the aORs (95% CIs) for lifetime years of use and cumulative hours of use were 1.25 (0.55 to 2.88) and 1.77 (0.32 to 1.84), respectively. However, the contralateral users showed slightly lower risk than ipsilateral users. Conclusions: Our results do not support the hypothesis that the use of mobile phones increases the risk of glioma; however, we found a non-significant increase in risk among ipsilateral users. These findings suggest further evaluation for glioma risk among longterm mobile phone users.

Serum cystatin C level is a good prognostic marker in patients with cirrhotic ascites and normal serum creatinine levels

Seo, Yeon Seok,Jung, Eun Suk,An, Hyonggin,Kim, Jeong Han,Jung, Young Kul,Kim, Ji Hoon,Yim, Hyung Joon,Yeon, Jong Eun,Byun, Kwan Soo,Kim, Chang Duck,Ryu, Ho Sang,Um, Soon Ho Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Liver International Vol.29 No.10

<P>Abstract</P><P>Background/Aims</P><P>Serum creatinine (Cr) is not a reliable marker for early detection of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhotic ascites. Several reports have suggested that cystatin C (CysC) is more sensitive than Cr for detecting reduced renal function in these patients. This study evaluated the clinical significance of CysC in patients with cirrhotic ascites and a normal serum Cr level.</P><P>Methods</P><P>We enrolled patients with ascites and a normal serum Cr level (<1.2 mg/dl). Liver function tests, international normalized ratio (INR) and serum Cr and CysC levels were measured on the same day for all patients. CysC levels were measured using the automated latex-enhanced immunonephelometric method. The endpoint of follow-up was the development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) or mortality.</P><P>Results</P><P>Seventy-eight patients with cirrhotic ascites were enrolled in the study (58 men and 30 women; age, 53±11 years). The underlying liver diseases in these patients were chronic hepatitis B (37%), chronic hepatitis C (4%), alcoholic liver disease (53%) and others (6%). Forty-six (59%) and 32 (41%) patients were in Child–Pugh classes B and C respectively. HRS developed in 14 patients during the follow-up period (349±241 days), with cumulative incidences of 10.2% and 20.4% at 6 and 12 months respectively. The CysC level was the only independent predictive factor for HRS. Twenty-three patients died during the follow-up period. CysC level and INR were independent factors for predicting mortality.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>Serum CysC level is a good marker for predicting HRS and survival in patients with cirrhotic ascites and a normal Cr level.</P>

The Impact of Celebrity Suicide on Subsequent Suicide Rates in the General Population of Korea from 1990 to 2010

Park, Juhyun,Choi, Nari,Kim, Seog Ju,Kim, Soohyun,An, Hyonggin,Lee, Heon-Jeong,Lee, Yu Jin The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2016 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.31 No.4

<P>The association between celebrity suicide and subsequent increase in suicide rates among the general population has been suggested. Previous studies primarily focused on celebrity suicides in the 2000s. To better understand the association, this study examined the impacts of celebrity suicides on subsequent suicide rates using the data of Korean celebrity suicides between 1990 and 2010. Nine celebrity suicides were selected by an investigation of media reports of suicide deaths published in three major newspapers in Korea between 1990 and 2010. Suicide mortality data were obtained from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models with intervention analysis were used to test the impacts of celebrity suicides, controlling for seasonality. Six of the 9 celebrity suicides had significant impacts on suicide rates both in the total population and in the same gender- or the same age-subgroups. The incident that occurred in the 1990s had no significant impact on the overall suicide rates, whereas the majority of the incidents in the 2000s had significant influences for 30 or 60 days following each incident. The influence of celebrity suicide was shown to reach its peak following the suicide death of a renowned actress in 2008. The findings may suggest a link between media coverage and the impact of celebrity suicide. Future studies should focus more on the underlying processes and confounding factors that may contribute to the impact of celebrity suicide on subsequent suicide rates.</P>