Development of microsatellite loci from the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Hyojoong Kim,Min-Young Kim,Kim A. Hoelmer,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

Ten novel microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. The soybean aphid was recently introduced into North America where it has become a serious pest of soybeans. This invasive pest has rapidly spread throughout the midwestern United States and southern Canada since 2000. The isolated loci were polymorphic, with two to 18 alleles in 20 individuals from a single population in Korea. The analyses revealed that 19 individuals had different multilocus genotypes, showing expected heterozygosity values ranging from 0.180 to 0.891. We report the development of microsatellite markers for A. glycines potentially suitable for further studies of population structure, dispersal, and host alternation.

DNA Barcording of Blueberry Gall Midge Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Hyojoong Kim,Sangwook Park,Taek-Jun Kang,Sejin Kim,Heung-Sik Lee,Ki-Jeong Hong 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), was recently invaded into Korea, which causes serious damage to blueberries. In the blueberry production regions, the gall midge affects most blueberry varieties, Vaccinium spp., such as rabbiteye and highbush blueberries, causing substantial yield loss by damaging flower and leaf buds. Last year we investigated and collected the midges in the blueberry farms from Korea and USA (New Jersey and Georgia). To confirm inter- and intra-specifc variations of D. oxycoccana, we tested COI DNA barcode using 180 collective individuals plus 37 GenBank references including other Dasineura species. As results, we found the same haplotype from 126 individuals in Korea, USA, and Canada. Most of the remaining haplotypes were closely related to the former, whereas there were 7 unique haplotypes genetically very distant from the major haplotype. Especially, the two haplotypes in Cheonan, Korea, were genetically farthest from the major, and the existence of two different species in New Jersey and Sunchang were confirmed. We would present haplotype diversity and geographic relationships of D. oxycoccana.

Development and characterization of 12 microsatellite loci from blueberry gall midge Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Hyojoong Kim,Sangwook Park,Taek-Jun Kang,Sejin Kim,Heung-Sik Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), which has been recently introduced into Korea, is a notorious pest on blueberries. This invasive insect has rapidly spread throughout Korea including Jeju island. So far, we have no epidemic information, such as invasion routes and subsequent dispersal rates in Korea. To understand population genetics of D. oxycoccana, we have developed 12 novel microsatellite loci. To obtain its sequence data, the next generation sequencing was performed using mixed individuals collected from Korea and USA. The developed loci were polymorphic, with 6 to 16 alleles in 35 individuals from a single population of Hwaseong. The analyses revealed that all 35 individuals had different multilocus genotypes with heterozygosity ranging from 0.568 to 0.790. These markers will facilitate population genetic studies of D. oxycoccana.

Evolution of the Aphidini Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Integrating Phylogenetic and Population Genetic Approaches

Hyojoong Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are well known as micro-insect pests, which are very specific to their host plants, sucking phloem for acquiring nutrients, and most of them have successfully maintained parthenogenetic generations cyclically or permanently. In the world, the approximately 5,000 described aphid species belong to the family Aphididae, which has taxonomically been subdivided into 27 subfamilies in current. The diversification of host plants, especially angiosperms, has played an important role in their evolution. Major questions about aphid evolution include origins of host alternation as well as age and patterns of diversification in relation to host plants. To address these, I did both macroscale (phylogenetics) and microscale (population genetics) researches on aphids. First I reconstructed the phylogeny of the three major aphid groups, Aphidini, Macrosiphini, and Pterocommatinae, which are the most diverse in the world and constitute more than 60% of the total species. These major lineages demonstrate the evolutionary history of aphids interacting with their host plants. I also used molecular dating method to calculate reasonable divergence time on each clade. Based on phylogenetic and dating analyses, most generic divergences in Aphidinae occurred in the Middle Tertiary when primary hosts, mainly Rosaceae, were diverging, whereas species-level divergences were related with diversification of secondary hosts such as Poaceae in the Middle to Late Tertiary. Most generic divergences in Aphidini occurred in the Middle Tertiary, and species-level divergences occurred between the Middle and Late Tertiary. The divergence times of aphid lineages at the generic or subgeneric levels are close to those of their primary hosts. Second I performed population genetics of the polyphagous cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. I analyzed population genetic structure between 570 aphids collected from 41 plant species of primary and secondary, mostly wild, hosts using 9 microsatellite loci. As results, population structure of A. gossypii revealed that several genetic affinities in common use of some secondary and primary hosts are detected. Host preference in secondary host is higher than that in primary host, and woody plants share same genetic structure. This species might speciated by the related mechanisms such as host alternation and loss of primary host. I will propose macro- and micro-evolutionary patterns of the Aphidini aphids based on integrating phylogenetic and population genetic approaches

Molecular Identification of the Soybean Aphid on the Primary Host, Rhamnus davurica in Korea

Hyojoong Kim,Yeyeun Kim,Kim A. Hoelmer,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura 1917, is well known as a soybean pest in the world. Recently, it has been introduced to North America causing serious damage in U.S. As a cooperative research with USDA-ARS, we have investigated A. glycines in soybean fields, and also examined the colonies on the overwintering host Rhamnus davurica in order to find its natural enemies. It was generally reported that A. glycines has host alternation between the soybean, Glycine max (summer host) and the Dahurian buckthorn, Rhamnus davurica (winter host) in East Asia. However, it was very difficult to identify the soybean aphid, A. glycines, from R. davurica due to the co-existance of at least three Aphis species and the seasonal polymorphisms of each species (e.g, gynopara, ovipara, and male). For species identification, we tested 3 molecular markers, mitochondrial COI, COII, and nuclear EF1α, for 14 collected samples (7 samples from G. max and 7 samples from R. davurica). As a result, we found two different species, A. gossypii and other Aphis sp., are mixed together with A. glycines on R. davurica. We report the biology of A. glycines in Korea, and present species identification using molecular phylogenetic approach.

Phylogenetic Relationships of the tribe Aphidini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Based on Molecular Markers and Morphology

Hyojoong Kim,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

A phylogeny of the tribe Aphidini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was reconstructed using three molecular gene fragments: partial mitochondrial tRNA-leucine + cytochrome oxidase II (tRNA/COII), partial mitochondrial 12S + tRNA-valine + 16S (12S/16S), and nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α) for a total of 41 species consisting of 37 representative species in Aphidini and 4 outgroup species in the tribe Macrosiphini. Also, to compare with the molecular analyses, a second phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using 41 morphological characters for equally weighted analysis. Minimum evolution, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, and Bremer support test were performed for the phylogenetic construction. As our phylogenetic results were compared with the classical taxonomy based on morphological characteristics and biological data, we newly confirmed the following phylogenetic relationships within Aphidini: (1) each monophyletic subtribe of Aphidina and Rhopalosphina was supported by significant P values in the combined analysis, (2) contrary to the classical taxonomic position, Cryptosiphum should be moved to Macrosiphini because it is more closely related to Lipaphis and Brevicoryne in the myzine group of Macrosiphini, (3) The genus Toxoptera was possibly considered as a non-monophyletic group because three species were separately positioned in Aphidina, (4) In Rhopalosiphina, the genus Melanaphis was relatively divergent from three genera, Rhopalosiphum, Schizaphis and Hyalopterus, clustered in a strongly supported clade, (5) in the relationships among four the Aphis species-groups, which are accepted by most aphid taxonomists, most species except for some morphologically distinct species were separated to the two main lineages; the fabae-group was confirmed to be closely related with the spiraecola-group and craccivora-group, but the gossypii-group diverged as a monophyly from those three group.

Present and future of management of invasive exotic insects in Korea

Hyojoong Kim,Dong Eon Kim,Wonhoon Lee,Sunghoon Jung,Wang-Hee Lee,Ki-Jeong Hong,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04

Invasive exotic insects are rapidly increasing and spreading in a short period of time, threatening the ecosystem. Now, we need technology to monitor the dispersal of exotic insects and to strengthen the ecosystem risk assessment. The United States, Europe, and other countries are fully equipped with a biological control system for threats to biodiversity through systematic investigation and database construction, but Korea is not. Risk assessment and development of a dispersal/change prediction model are essential to maintain a safe ecosystem from invasive exotic species. This research group is carrying out a study to minimize the ecological damage by developing a prediction model of dispersal/change for invading alien insect species, a risk assessment technology and a response manual for management. I would like to look into the current state of exotic insect invasion through this small group meeting, and look for directions to study in the future.

Isolation and characterization of 15 microsatellite loci from Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

Hyojoong Kim,Minyoung Kim,Deok Ho Kwon,Sangwook Park,Yerim Lee,Hyoyoung Jang,Seunghwan Lee,Si Hyeock Lee,Ki-Jeong Hong,Yikweon Jang 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Lycorma delicatula (White 1845), which has been recently introduced into Korea, is a notorious pest on grapes. This invasive insect has rapidly spread throughout central and southern Korea. To date, we have no behavioral or population genetics information, such as invasion routes and subsequent dispersal rates in Korea, to help understand and control populations of L. delicatula. Here, we have developed 15 novel microsatellite loci for L. delicatula. The isolated loci were polymorphic, with 2 to 19 alleles in 42 individuals from a single population in Cheonan. The analyses revealed that all 42 individuals had different multilocus genotypes with heterozygosity ranging from 0.214 to 0.866. Eleven of the 15 loci did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The isolated markers will facilitate population genetic studies of L. delicatula.

Preliminary population genetics study of blueberry gall midge Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Korea and USA

Hyojoong Kim,Sangwook Park,Taek-Jun Kang,Sejin Kim,Heung-Sik Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

To compare genetic characteristic and differentiation between Dasineura oxycoccana populations, we collected 20 local samples from Korea and USA between 2012 and 2013. We established population genetics from Principal component analysis (PCA) and STRUCTURE using newly developed 12 microsatellites for 362 individuals. PCA results showed that Korean populations were divided into three genetically different groups. Correspondingly, STRUCTURE results indicated that Korean populations had at least three different genetic origins, which was totally different from USA populations. Among them, two populations occurring in Heongseong and Cheonan seemed to have species-level difference when matching with previous DNA barcoding result.

Analysis of Country Origin on Invaded Red Imported Fire Ant and Tropical Fire Ant in Korea

Hyojoong Kim,Moon Nam,Seong Jin Lee,Heung Sik Lee,Jong Ho Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04

Two infamous ant species, red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta) and tropical fire ant (TFA, S. geminata), originated from South America are invading and harming many countries around the world. Among them, RIFA, known as one of the 100 world’s worst invasive alien species, has been discovered in South Korea; in Busan (Gamman CT) in 2017, and subsequently in Busan (Hutchison CT), Pyongtaek, Incheon and Daegu in 2018. With these relentless introduction of RIFA, South Korea is not safe no more from these ants and faces a risk of settlement. Our research goal is tracing the country origin of invasive populations of RIFA and TFA based on molecular epidemiological approach. We are conducting both microsatellite and genome-wide SNP analyses in order to derive a complementary interpretation. These two methodologies are expected to result in improved resolution in population genetics analysis. Nevertheless, this work needs collaboration of many countries belonging to the range of origin and invasion of RIFA and TFA. We will briefly introduce our research project and progress of collaboration research.