Original Study : The Role of Phospholipase C Beta in Fatty Acid Induced AMPK Signaling during Exercise

( Hyo Youl Moon ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.3

문효열. 운동에 의한 Phospholipase C beta의 발현이 근육세포 내 에너지 대사관련 유전자 조절에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제23권 3호, 249-256, 2014. 운동 중 근육은 필요한 에너지를 충족시키기 위해 대사에 관련된 유전자 발현이나 효소의 활성화 조절을 통해 환경에 적응한다. 포스포라이페이즈 C는 근육 세포의 성장, 분화, 대사에 중요하다고 알려져 있지만, 운동에 의한 변화와 그 역할에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없다. 이번 실험을 통해 여러 isotype 중에서 포스포라이페이즈 C beta2의 유전자 양과 단백질 양이 4주간의 트레이드밀 운동을 한 그룹의 가자미근에서 증가해 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 포스포라이페이즈 C beta2와 결합하여 작용하는 것으로 알려진 G 단백질 수용체의 발현을 조사한 결과 lipid receptor인 FAR이 운동 후 함께 증가하고 있음을 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 발견하였다. FAR을 수용체로 사용하고 있는 oleic acid를 근육세포에 처리한 결과 세포내 에너지 조절자 역할을 하는 AMPK의 활성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. AMPK의 타겟 유전자인 PPARgamma와 PGC1이 oleic acid 처리에 의해 증가되었고, 이러한 결과가 포스포라이페이즈 C에 의해 매개된다는 것을 PLC inhibitor 전처리 실험을 통해 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 장기간 운동에 필요한 에너지원인 지방산이 포스포라이페이즈 C에 의해 운동 중 근육의 에너지 대사측면의 적응과정에 기여하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 포스포라이페이즈 C의 특이적인 결핍이 있는 실험동물 및 임상 실험의 전제하에 세계적으로 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 비만이나 당뇨 등의 환자 처방에 PLC가 새로운 타겟이 될 것으로 제시된다. 후속연구가 필요하지만, 이 결과들은 운동 후 발현에 변화가 있는 포스포라이페이즈 C의 서브 타입들이 운동의 생체지표로 사용될 수 있으며 더 나아가 운동의 지방 대사 효과에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다는 것을 제시해주고 있다. Moon, Hyo-Youl. The Role of Phospholipase C Beta in Fatty Acid Induced AMPK Signaling During Exercise. Exercise Science, 23(3): 249-256, 2014. Chronic exercise triggers muscle adaptation in response to energy demand by switching muscle types, increasing mitochondria contents, or changing gene expression patterns. Phospholipase C (PLC) is known to be involved in the metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle cells. However, its function during exercise has not been studied. In this study, 19 mice were divided into 2 groups, exercise and control groups. The mice in the exercise group were exercised on a treadmill for 4 weeks. We observed that both mRNA and protein expression levels of PLCβ2 increased in the skeletal muscles, particularly in the soleus muscle, of mice after 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. The expression of GPR40, a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and a putative binding partner of PLCβ2, was also found to be increased in the mice belonging to the exercise group. To investigate the role of GPR40 in muscle adaptation, the mice were administered oleic acid, which activates AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The results revealed that AMPK-target genes such as Cebp-β and Ppar-γ were upregulated upon oleic acid treatment. Furthermore, pre-treatment with STO-609, a PLC inhibitor, downregulated the expression of AMPK-target genes in differentiated muscle cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for PLCβ2, that involves the regulation of fatty acid metabolism during exercise.

청소년의 성교육을 위한 기초연구

문인자,조옥희,김효심 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1997 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study is to survey middle school students' awareness of sexuality and relationships with the opposite sex. The students need to have at their disposal basic resources on sexuality education and an established and systematic curriculum. To achieve this result, questionaires were distributed to 640 students who were chosen randomly in three middle schools in Seung-ju Goon and Goo-rye Goon in Chonnam area, 573 questionaries were used for the final analysis. The results were as follows: In the area of awareness of sexuality, male students regarded sex more positively than female students. It also showed that 19.9% of male students and 17.6% of female students were not aware of their virginity. Male students said they felt sexual impulses most when they saw naked women, and secondly, by sex magazines. This indicates students are motivated mostly by outside influences. There is a considerable gap in the degree of sexual knowledge between male and female according to their school year and father's education level. However, little difference is seen according to student's family circumstance, father's job, and student's religion and vise versa. School restrictions were so severe that 48.2% of boys and 47.1% of girls said that schools paid little attention to their needs. The school restricted rather than permitted relationships with opposite sex. Most of the students revealed a dissatisfaction with the school sexuality education program. Because of confucianism, Korean society has a negative attitude towards sexual activity including sexual education in the schools. 56.8% of male students and 81.4% of females students wanted female teachers to be their sexuality education teachers or advisors rather than male teachers, and 44.8% of male students and 51.2% of females students wanted to receive sexuality education in their Home Economics classes. Materials for sexuality education were considered most effective through videos and audio-visuals. As a result, this survey showed that there appeared to be a great need for a sound, effective, and sensitive sexuality education curriculum in the middle schools for teenagers. It should be conducted in such a way that the teenagers will learn about their sexual needs, their gender differences, and understand and know how to conduct themselves in today's society sexually.

ISC3모델을 이용한 버스터미널 주변의 질소산화물 농도 예측

김문찬,류효상 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2008 産業科學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

In this study, NOx concentration was investigated around the local/highway bus terminal area by using ISC3 model. NOx concentrations were simulated by the yearly mean values which were in the morning, in the afternoon and at night. As the result of the verification and the calibration for the model accuracy, the correlation coefficients was 0.94. Therefore, ISC3 model was suitable for this area. In the result of NOx concentration using ISCLT3, the average concentration of NO2 was 13.05 ppb. The range of influence that engine emissions affected terminal area, was larger in the morning than in the afternoon. Because mixing height was higher in the afternoon than that in the morning, so emissions were diffused toward upper ambient air that range of engine emission influence was narrow. At night, the range of engine emission influence was the largest in a day. Because mixing height was the lowest at night. So horizontal diffusion was dominated than vertical one.

자연과 포트폴리오 적용 수업이 초등학생의 과학 정의적 특성과 포트폴리오 인식에 미치는 영향

문유정,김효남 한국초등과학교육학회 2000 초등과학교육 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the Portfolio applied science instruction on the students' scientific affective domain and perceptions of portfolio in elementary schools. Portfolio applied science instruction of the 6th grade science unit 'Environment pollution and Nature protection' was developed for this study. Traditional instruction was implemented to the control group and portfolio applied science instruction was implemented to the experimental group. Pretests of the scientific affective domain were administered to both groups. The treatment was given for about seven weeks for both groups. Instruments about scientific affective domain were administered to both groups. A questionnaire on perception of portfolio applied science instruction was given to the experimental group after the treatment. The results were analyzed using t-test on the students' scientific affective domain. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Portfolio applied science instruction program for elementary schools was developed. Students themselves determine the portfolio learning goal in a portfolio applied science instruction. Students construct the portfolio and they evaluate themselves and other colleagues. Also teachers go on portfolio applied science instruction considering portfolio purpose, concepts, evaluation. 2. There was not a statistically meaningful difference between an experimental group and a control group on the students' scientific affective domain. In three sub categories of a scientific affective domain, the science perception, the interest on science and scientific attitude, there were not statistically meaningful difference among them. 3. As the results of the questionnaire on perceptions of portfolio, they didn't understand it very well but after learning portfolio, they showed positive attitude to perceptions of portfolio. Students in portfolio applied science instruction like more the portfolio applied science instruction than general instruction. 4. Portfolio applied science instruction has an useful value as a method of teaching and evaluation. Students and teachers can produce various portfolios products in portfolio applied science instruction. As a conclusion, portfolio applied science instruction was not statistically meaningful on the students' scientific affective domain, but it gives positive effects on perceptions of portfolio in elementary schools. Therefore, portfolio has an educational value as a method of teaching and evaluation for students' growth. In the future, teachers and students must have interaction and feedback in portfolio applied science instruction.

韓國語 聲調의 分析的 硏究 : 15세기 聲調의 基本的 區別과 上聲에 대하여

문효근 연세대학교 대학원 1973 延世論叢 Vol.10 No.1

On the essence of the tones in the 15th Century Korean, Mr. Kono Rokuro (河野六郞) in his book, 'A study on Korean Dialectology'(朝鮮方言學試攷, 1945) has described two fundamental level groups of high and low tonemes, regarding Pyungsung (平聲) as low, Kusung(去聲) as high and Sangsung(上聲) as a compound toneme of low+high. Dr. Her, Woong(許雄) in his book, 'Korean Phonemics'(國語音韻學 1965) has insisted the tone of the 15th Century Korean as a Register Tone Language with Contour Overlap, having low (Pyungsung), high (Kusung) and rising toneme (Sangsung). The author has a different point of view on "The Explanation on the Diacritical Marks of Hun Min Jung Eum(訓民正音,1443)." The author had an extensive study on the dialects of Youngdong and Hamhung, and came to the conclusion that the tonemes of the areas possess the most similar tones to the 15th Century Korean, thus discriminating 3 kinds of tone; Pyungsung is equivalent to low, Kusung to high and Sangsung to mid-long (repeated mid-level toneme).

식물 추출물을 이용한 시판중인 과산화수소수에 들어있는 과산화수소의 정량

이문영, 권효식 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 과학교육연구논총 Vol.26 No.2

본문 참고

사전정보를 이용한 차량번호판 영역의 분리

문기주,신영석,최효돈 한국경영과학회 1996 經營 科學 Vol.13 No.2

Two different methods to extract the license plate area of a vehicle have been used for automatic recognition purposes. One method is with a color vision system and the other is with an edge detecting operator. The system with color vision has some problems if the colors of license plate and vehicle's body are similar. The various plate colors in Korea also drops the system performance. The edge detecting operator also has a problem for a real time processing since it performs on all pixels of the scene. In this paper a possible method using gray level vision system and available pre-known information of license plates is suggested. The suggested procedure searches the lower boundary of the plate by counting high contrast points between one and near pixel from the bottom line of the scene. It finds the upper boundary from the bottom line by adding number plate height after finding the lower boundary. The left and right boundaries are found by similar processes.

일반화된 역행렬을 사용한 실시간 시스템 인식에 대한 연구

문효준,은희창,서일교 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2003 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.2

This study provided an analytical method for real-time system identification by utilizing fundamental linear algebra and minimizing a quadratic form of the differences in physical properties calculated from the initially given properties and the next expected properties. The validity of the proposed method depends on the selected weighting matrix. Although it was observed that the propostd methd gives reasonable values by the proper selection of the weighting matrix, the deficiency of this method like the proper selection of weighting matrix with time needs to he improved.

제1형 Trichorhinophalangeal 증후군

손효성,오창근,김문범,이재봉,장호선,권경술 대한피부과학회 2003 대한피부과학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome(TRPS) typeⅠis characterized by sparse and slow-growing hairs, pear-shaped nose, elongated philtrum, thin upper lip, and bone deformities, especially, cone-shaped epiphyses of the phalanges. The syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. We report a case of TRPS typeⅠ with alopecia like male pattern baldness and Perthes-like changes on the right hip joint. (Korean J Dermatol 2003;41(6) : 801~804)

압출용 다이스의 Melt-고분자 열유동 기초연구

정효희,김재열,최진호,유신,윤성운,홍철,김종문 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

As importance part of extruder, hopper(Hopper) been raw material supply wealth, main frame that screw and barrel that transformation of supply raw material attains are because deformed raw material is fearful finally extrusion to done dies attain. Extruder is divided by greatly above 3 but hopper has assembled in dehumidification of raw material and supply of smooth raw material, and make in Melt state as raw material is stabilized because main frame consists of screw and barrel and Melt does anaphora as done material is stabilized. And dies that is last part between barrel with screw anaphora done Melt material as is stabilized without causing change that is much depending on anaphora of screw from dies way out as correct product produce make to. In this treatise, make anaphora can present ideal dies basis design using CFdesign that is heat & flow analysis programs so that can produce detailed product through pipe channel flow analysis of stable dies applying anaphora value of do polymer raw material in Screw.